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207 lines
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<document id="E6A6BAA88D9137CEE4D081605296FAAF" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D739F53FFC9F58A5FD4652B8" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Scorpioninae Latreille 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93A3E49A20869A66DB35E826115E5DA5">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A488E07839AEDCBECAE3F43CF347D65A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E335D7713DF2A24EF7867F485D4320CA">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="317E777E96F155ECA5E5F5E73494201D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2CF6B472216F02F3D8CC86C12E4A3A66">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A76A96E95B9DF8609776B5F22386F0F9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ED13A701D278FA8544F8FAF249F28129">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="02AA5386802EB83BB078229CF65EC8C9">
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<mods:date id="7B9074A7F58F73D35709DC589581E397">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2008DD03AE54743FA6ECD2CAEA1A7C4D">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4EAAE5E93B3D73EF14BF0797A49A131B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="32174C33FC27ECA8B3C82B29054D1380">2003</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="87F6B6CF0AB7D36316EA0448A7C5A428">11</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="945111231C1732B34A573057665E1826">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="32CA4496AA2D103570A39EBBA28B9723">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1B6905F8E4A7FC3C6F7D80BDB238A54C" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="72621DB794D78BF47E913DE87AF4679F" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D739F53FFC9F58A5FD4652B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D739F53FFC9F58A5FD4652B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D739F53FFC9F58A5FD4652B8" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D739F53CFC9F58A5FB4B50E6" box="[830,1275,1746,1769]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D739F53CFC9F58A5FB4B50E6" blockId="117.[830,1440,1746,1891]" box="[830,1275,1746,1769]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD739F53CFC9F58A5FB4B50E6" box="[830,1275,1746,1769]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D739F53CFC9F58A5FB4B50E6" bold="true" box="[830,1275,1746,1769]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D739F53CFC1B58A5FB4B50E6" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[954,1275,1746,1769]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpioninae">Scorpioninae Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D739F53FFCCF5887FEAD5756" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D739F53CFCCF5887FAB45108" blockId="117.[830,1440,1746,1891]" box="[878,1284,1776,1799]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D739F53CFCCF5887FC135108" box="[878,931,1776,1799]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D739F53CFC5E5887FAB05108" ID-CoL="644VW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1023,1280,1776,1799]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D739F53CFC5E5887FBE25108" box="[1023,1106,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">Scorpio</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D739F53CFCCF5978FA10516C" blockId="117.[830,1440,1746,1891]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D739F53CFCCF5978FBB05129" bold="true" box="[878,1024,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="114">Composition.</emphasis>
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This taxon corresponds to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D739F53CFC33595AFBAF514B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[914,1055,1837,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpioninae">Scorpioninae</taxonomicName>
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as listed by Fet (
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<quantity id="4CDB9B26D739F53CFB5A595AFAF1514B" box="[1275,1345,1837,1860]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" unit="g" value="2000.0">2000g</quantity>
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) and to family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D739F53CFC30593BFBAE516C" ID-CoL="G5G" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[913,1054,1868,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
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as listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D739F53CFB1F593BFADC516C" author="PRENDINI" box="[1214,1388,1868,1891]" pageId="117" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref95824" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2000. Phylogeny and classification of the superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): An exemplar approach. Cladistics, 16: 1 - 78. (March 2000)." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D73AF53FFF615EB0FEAD5756" blockId="118.[192,803,199,1207]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFF615EB0FE1656D1" author="PRENDINI" box="[192,422,199,222]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref95908" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003 a. A new genus and species of bothriurid scorpion from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia, with a reanalysis of bothriurid phylogeny and a discussion of the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma Lawrence. Systematic Entomology, 28: 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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. It includes four Old World genera:
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF615E91FD3B56F2" box="[192,651,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFF615E91FEE556F2" ID-CoL="4WJC" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[192,341,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterometrus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFEC05E91FDAA56F2" ID-CoL="697B" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[353,538,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opistophthalmus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFD875E91FD3B56F2" ID-CoL="63JDT" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[550,651,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pandinus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFD695E91FCAB56F2" ID-CoL="644VW" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[712,795,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFD695E91FCAB56F2" box="[712,795,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Scorpio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We also provisionally include here the fossil genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFF615F54FDC85735" authority="Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986" authorityName="Kjellesvig-Waering" authorityYear="1986" box="[192,632,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Mioscorpio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF615F54FE8B5735" box="[192,315,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Mioscorpio</emphasis>
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Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miocene of Europe).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D73AF53FFF515F17FD2B5279" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D73AF53FFF515F17FDBB5778" blockId="118.[192,803,199,1207]" box="[240,523,352,375]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF515F17FECC5778" bold="true" box="[240,380,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Asia, Africa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D73AF53FFF515F08FDAF57DC" blockId="118.[192,803,199,1207]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF515F08FE725799" bold="true" box="[240,450,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFE705F08FD0A5799" author="PRENDINI" box="[465,698,383,406]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref95908" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003 a. A new genus and species of bothriurid scorpion from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia, with a reanalysis of bothriurid phylogeny and a discussion of the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma Lawrence. Systematic Entomology, 28: 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a detailed phylogenetic analysis of the scorpionine taxa (treated as family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE205FCBFDA357DC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[385,531,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D73AF53FFF515FACFD2B5279" blockId="118.[192,803,199,1207]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF515FACFE5957FD" bold="true" box="[240,489,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE5A5FACFD3857FD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[507,648,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpioninae">Scorpioninae</taxonomicName>
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are likely an eastern Gondwanaland group by origin (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFD245F8DFCAE541E" author="SISSOM" box="[645,798,506,529]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" refId="ref96823" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 1990. Systematics, biogeography and paleontology. Pp. 64 - 160 in G. A. Polis (ed.), Biology of Scorpions. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press." type="book" year="1990">Sissom, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFF615C6FFE1A5420" author="PRENDINI" box="[192,426,536,559]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref95908" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003 a. A new genus and species of bothriurid scorpion from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia, with a reanalysis of bothriurid phylogeny and a discussion of the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma Lawrence. Systematic Entomology, 28: 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Four scorpionine genera exhibit vigorous radiation in the deserts of
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D73AF53FFDE85C40FD645441" box="[585,724,567,590]" name="South Africa" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFD475C40FEF45462" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFD475C40FEF45462" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Opistophthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), deserts of North Africa and Middle East (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFF685C03FEAC5484" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[201,284,628,651]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF685C03FEAC5484" box="[201,284,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Scorpio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), tropics of Africa (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFDA45C03FDDA5484" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[517,618,628,651]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFDA45C03FDDA5484" box="[517,618,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Pandinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and tropics of Asia (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFEA45CE4FE2854A5" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[261,408,659,682]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFEA45CE4FE2854A5" box="[261,408,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
; see Couzijn, 1978, 1981;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFD6F5CE4FF4A54C6" author="SISSOM" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" refId="ref96823" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 1990. Systematics, biogeography and paleontology. Pp. 64 - 160 in G. A. Polis (ed.), Biology of Scorpions. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press." type="book" year="1990">Sissom, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
).
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFEAC5CC5FE4654C6" author="PRENDINI" box="[269,502,690,713]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref95908" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003 a. A new genus and species of bothriurid scorpion from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia, with a reanalysis of bothriurid phylogeny and a discussion of the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma Lawrence. Systematic Entomology, 28: 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
discussed in detail the biogeographic history of this group. They treated distribution of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFEB55C98FEC95509" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[276,377,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFEB55C98FEC95509" box="[276,377,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE145C98FDF85509" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[437,584,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFE145C98FDF85509" box="[437,584,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
as the result of vicariance induced by the Cretaceous separation of the Indian plate from Africa. Phylogenetic positions of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFF615D3CFEC6556D" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[192,374,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF615D3CFEC6556D" box="[192,374,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Opistophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE105D3CFDB4556D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[433,516,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFE105D3CFDB4556D" box="[433,516,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Scorpio</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
was found to be basal to the (
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFF565D1DFE3A558E" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[247,394,874,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF565D1DFE3A558E" box="[247,394,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
+
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE125D1DFDA8558E" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[435,536,874,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFE125D1DFDA8558E" box="[435,536,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
) group.
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFD215D1DFEB75590" author="PRENDINI" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref95908" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003 a. A new genus and species of bothriurid scorpion from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia, with a reanalysis of bothriurid phylogeny and a discussion of the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma Lawrence. Systematic Entomology, 28: 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
also suggested that the initial divergence of the common ancestor of (
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFE105DD0FDD755B1" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[433,615,935,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFE105DD0FDD755B1" box="[433,615,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Opistophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
+
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFD285DD0FD6C55B1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[649,732,935,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFD285DD0FD6C55B1" box="[649,732,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Scorpio</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
) from the common ancestor of the (
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFDA05DB1FD2455D2" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[513,660,966,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFDA05DB1FD2455D2" box="[513,660,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
+
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFD155DB1FCA955D2" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[692,793,966,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFD155DB1FCA955D2" box="[692,793,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
) group must have occurred in eastern Gondwanaland, presumably under semi-arid conditions that already existed before its breakup, i.e., the “Gondwana Desert” and surrounding semi-arid areas.
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFDAB5A37FD275258" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[522,663,1088,1111]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpioninae">Scorpioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
are notably absent from
|
||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D73AF53FFEE45A28FE765279" box="[325,454,1119,1142]" name="Madagascar" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
(Lourenço, 1996a).
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3396548D73AF53FFF515A09FD4652B8" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D73AF53FFF515A09FD4652B8" blockId="118.[192,803,199,1207]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D73AF53FFF515A09FEEE529A" bold="true" box="[240,350,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
. See
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D73AF53FFE025A09FDE0529A" author="PRENDINI" box="[419,592,1150,1173]" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref95824" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2000. Phylogeny and classification of the superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): An exemplar approach. Cladistics, 16: 1 - 78. (March 2000)." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
for details on the diagnosis of this subfamily (as family
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D73AF53FFDF85AD7FD5B52B8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[601,747,1184,1207]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
).
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|