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<document id="E6AE06EBC413E5EECCCFA8FFF23CD4E1" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930601088107" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232050" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629458270273" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Henry, Charles S., Brooks, Stephen J., Duelli, Peter &amp; Johnson, James B." docDate="2006" docId="03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.40.38-40.2173-2195.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 40 (38 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601088107" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chrysoperla zastrowi subsp. arabica Henry &amp; Brooks &amp; Duelli &amp; Johnson 2006, n. subsp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2194" masterDocId="FFC55772465D0B5EBF777D28DC00C13F" masterDocTitle="Courtship song of the South African lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): evidence for a trans-equatorial geographic range?" masterLastPageNumber="2195" masterPageNumber="2173" pageNumber="2192" updateTime="1699073949224" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ACA279DDFD396AE741D90AA88E4FFC44">Courtship song of the South African lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): evidence for a trans-equatorial geographic range?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B74CED0C16FE5BCEBEC72489247ED6B5">Henry, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C2A33CD28045FEA48FF5F2E74E8BBF4">Brooks, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="1B7AF6ADBAD9B7803D227FC6EC0216EE">
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<mods:namePart id="D0B06824C5FC8E85F75124511B50A265">Duelli, Peter</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E3D3DA0C287438B6A489CD74D3242C2E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CE0507067A8CC6798BEDFDBEE0257C52">
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<mods:namePart id="A68189CAAFD4B76688F4E0B03E397621">Johnson, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1CE761020F4E21EEEC663CBBA048C82B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="59C0EFB0EE0A05242E70CBB11ADD4E6D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6E2EC73B2F19DB174F99D43DA630820C">
<mods:date id="5F1C5E2B8FEA8950D30AABC555937585">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="879246F7882CDF491CEBFE2620B6BFAB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9C54A279280D30730F862803162C442A">2006-12-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="30FB246DE9F84C2295B2E1F4E0665527" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A989C5253D088DAD8198AD9C0C37A6F1">40</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CB293C718118958915569ED23D5DA1AF" type="issue">
<mods:number id="EE372005AE91C47A0E1A7D42D2C06946">38 - 40</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F86CD915AEB670C1517B7F9E524A83F4">2173</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="EDD176F531ED01A785B35888FA107F37">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="68DDD0FC0B5B20ACF83217CC1AD3BE2A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930601088107</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="72D6310F63708077CA7DB259F55E1A4F" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE887F19525C8E141C14F4E9C2BE1A90" type="Zenodo-Dep">5232050</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="2194" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<subSubSection id="C34FCD9746480B4BBEF979B2DF84C58D" box="[398,900,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C46480B4BBEF979B2DF84C58D" blockId="21.[125,1172,1178,1396]" box="[398,900,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<heading id="D0A2297046480B4BBEF979B2DF84C58D" box="[398,900,1178,1202]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F46480B4BBEF979B2DF11C58D" ID-CoL="5GFX3" authority="Henry &amp; Brooks &amp; Duelli &amp; Johnson, 2006" authorityName="Henry &amp; Brooks &amp; Duelli &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2006" box="[398,785,1178,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zastrowi" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="arabica">
<emphasis id="B921420E46480B4BBEF979B2DF11C58D" bold="true" box="[398,785,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212FF7546480B4BBC6D79B2DF84C58D" box="[794,900,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FCD9746480B49BF0A7993DF08C380" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="2194" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C46480B4BBF0A7993D858C5EC" blockId="21.[125,1172,1178,1396]" box="[125,1112,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<materialsCitation id="3B3D944146480B4BBF0A7993D858C5EC" box="[125,1112,1211,1235]" collectingDate="1994-10" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="P. Duelli." country="Oman" elevation="285" location="Al Burymi" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EE20BE46480B4BBF0A7993DCF9C5ED" box="[125,249,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: male,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C46480B4BBE257993DD9FC5EC" box="[338,415,1211,1235]" name="Oman" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8E8AC8C746480B4BBEDB7993DE29C5EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380:8E8AC8C746480B4BBEDB7993DE29C5EC" box="[428,553,1211,1235]" country="Oman" name="Al Burymi" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">Al Burymi</location>
,
<quantity id="4CAD33F946480B4BBD417993DE81C5EC" box="[566,641,1211,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" unit="m" value="285.0">
<elevation id="0078792F46480B4BBD417993DE81C5EC" box="[566,641,1211,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" unit="m" value="285.0">285 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFEBB8DC46480B4BBDF97993DF34C5EC" box="[654,820,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" value="1994-10">
<collectingDate id="EFAF413446480B4BBDF97993DF34C5EC" box="[654,820,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" value="1994-10">October 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26A0FBCA46480B4BBC0C7993DFEDC5EC" box="[891,1005,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">P. Duelli.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED4406D946480B4BBC827993D854C5EC" box="[1013,1108,1211,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">BMNH</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C46480B4BBF0A79F4DE90C44B" blockId="21.[125,1172,1178,1396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<materialsCitation id="3B3D944146480B4BBF0A79F4DDD4C40B" collectingDate="1994-10" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="P. Duelli." country="Oman" elevation="285" location="Al Burymi" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" specimenCount="56" specimenCount-female="30" specimenCount-male="26" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54EE20BE46480B4BBF0A79F4DCFCC5CC" box="[125,252,1244,1268]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: same data as holotype,
<specimenCount id="9D53559546480B4BBD5779F4DE8BC5CB" box="[544,651,1244,1268]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D53559546480B4BBDEF79F4DF18C5CB" box="[664,792,1244,1268]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
, 15 first-instar, 15 second-instar and 15 third-instar larvae, reared from parents collected
<date id="FFEBB8DC46480B4BBC2479D4DFA5C42B" box="[851,933,1276,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" value="1994-10">
<collectingDate id="EFAF413446480B4BBC2479D4DFA5C42B" box="[851,933,1276,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" value="1994-10">x.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26A0FBCA46480B4BBC8279D4D86AC42B" box="[1013,1130,1276,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">P. Duelli.</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D53559546480B4BBB0079D4DCDEC40B" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D53559546480B4BBF9C7834DD6AC40B" box="[235,362,1308,1332]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED4406D946480B4BBE017834DDD4C40B" box="[374,468,1308,1332]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 5 first-instar, 5 second-instar, 5 third-instar larvae,
<collectionCode id="ED4406D946480B4BBB457834D890C40B" box="[1074,1168,1308,1332]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">BMNH</collectionCode>
; 5 first-instar, 5 second-instar, 5 third-instar larvae,
<collectionCode id="ED4406D946480B4BBD887814DF6FC46B" box="[767,879,1340,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">CSMNH</collectionCode>
; 5 first-instar, 5 secondinstar larvae, 5 third-instar larvae,
<collectionCode id="ED4406D946480B4BBD587874DE8CC44B" box="[559,652,1372,1396]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/brtj-zfcn" name="W.F. Barr Entomological Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">WFBM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C46480B4BBF0A78B5D848C48A" blockId="21.[125,1096,1437,1461]" box="[125,1096,1437,1461]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<emphasis id="B921420E46480B4BBF0A78B5DCF8C48A" box="[125,248,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for its occurrence in the Arabian Peninsula of the Middle East.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C46480B48BF0A78F5DFAFC07C" blockId="21.[125,1173,1501,1685]" lastBlockId="22.[138,1185,137,323]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="2193" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">
<emphasis id="B921420E46480B4BBF0A78F5DCC3C4CA" box="[125,195,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2192">Adult.</emphasis>
Ground colour uniform pale green. Head marked with broad dark brown band, sometimes outlined in red on gena and clypeus. Maxillary palp marked dark brown dorsally on each segment, occasionally unmarked. Stipes marked with mid-dorsal brown line along its entire length; occasionally, marking restricted to the apical third of the stipes. Clypeus with lateral edge marked with narrow brown or red stripe. Frons marked with brown lateral stripe, or red stripe when the clypeal markings are red. Postoccipital region unmarked. Antennae shorter than fore wing. Pronotum marked with median pale yellow stripe; lateral setae mostly short, black. Tarsal claw basal dilation ratio 3.5–5.1. Fore wing length 11.3– 14.0 mm, length:breadth ratio 2.6–3.4; venation entirely green; costal setae relatively short; basal Rs-M crossvein leaves Rs at right angles or sometimes obliquely. Abdomen bearing black setae on three apical sternites, more basal sternites bearing blond setae; lip of sternite 8+
<quantity id="4CAD33F9464B0B48BFDF7C03DCD5C07C" box="[168,213,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
male relatively short and narrow with sparse long black setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B48BFFD7C43DEADC31A" blockId="22.[138,1185,363,549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BFFD7C43DD97C0BC" box="[138,407,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
Courtship song (25
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BE117C43DD70C0BC" bold="true" box="[358,368,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">°</emphasis>
C).
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D9441464B0B48BED37C43DEA9C31A" latitude="-5.1" location="Song" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Slough">
<location id="8E8AC8C7464B0B48BED37C43DDDFC0BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC2F0A46480B49BEF979B2DF08C380:8E8AC8C7464B0B48BED37C43DDDFC0BC" box="[420,479,363,387]" latitude="-5.1" name="Song" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" stateProvince="Slough">Song</location>
consisting of a single-volley
<collectingRegion id="499150FE464B0B48BC3C7C43DF84C0BC" box="[843,900,363,387]" country="United Kingdom" name="Slough" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">SRU</collectingRegion>
1.8–
<geoCoordinate id="EE61F8DB464B0B48BCB17C43DFF9C0BC" box="[966,1017,363,387]" degrees="3.3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" precision="5555" value="-3.3">3.3 s</geoCoordinate>
long, usually repeated several to many times with a period of 2.2–
<geoCoordinate id="EE61F8DB464B0B48BC6F7CA4DF4BC09B" box="[792,843,396,420]" degrees="5.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" precision="5555" value="-5.1">5.1 s</geoCoordinate>
; carrier frequency is a pure (single-frequency) tone, falling from a range of 48–61 to 21–30 Hz during the course of the volley. Amplitude peaks sharply as the volley begins, then declines smoothly but rises again to a broad maximum toward the end of the volley. Volleys of the participants overlap slightly or not at all during heterosexual duets
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B48BFFD7F67DE85C216" blockId="22.[138,1185,590,809]" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BFFD7F67DD6EC359" box="[138,366,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">Larva, third instar.</emphasis>
Head pale tan with a pair of relatively narrow, moderately pale, longitudinal dorso-lateral brown stripes with narrow baso-lateral expansions extending towards the eyes; uncommonly (9.7%) with darker spot in dorso-lateral stripe mesad of eyes; elongate fronto-medial spot usually (84%) present; pale lateral stripe present behind eye. Thorax cream coloured; pronotum with tan, longitudinal, dorso-lateral stripes; meso- and metanota with small brown spots near mid-length. Abdomen cream coloured, unmarked, except tubercles sometimes tan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B48BFFD7E7ADF30C2D4" blockId="22.[138,1185,850,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BFFD7E7ADD29C255" box="[138,297,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">Second instar.</emphasis>
Similar to third-instar except as follows. Head with dorso-lateral stripes broader relative to width of head, especially anteriad; stripes narrowing more abruptly on medial margin of antennae; frontal spot rarely developed; lateral stripe behind eye darker. Thorax with pronotal dorso-lateral stripes usually more prominent, meso- and metanotal spots smaller. Abdomen with tubercles sometimes darker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B48BFFD793CDDFDC591" blockId="22.[138,1185,1044,1198]" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BFFD793CDD09C513" box="[138,265,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">First instar.</emphasis>
Similar to second-instar larva except as follows. Head with dorso-lateral stripes broader relative to width of head; baso-lateral expansions sometimes absent; frontal spot absent; lateral stripe behind eye sometimes darker. Thorax with pronotal dorso-lateral stripes variably prominent; meso- and metanotal spots very small, paler. Abdomen with tubercles frequently pigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B48BFFD79FFDD10C76C" blockId="22.[138,1185,1239,1684]" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BFFD79FFDE3DC5D0" box="[138,573,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
Remarks.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BF8879FFDE3DC5D0" authorityName="Henry &amp; Brooks &amp; Duelli &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2006" box="[255,573,1239,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zastrowi" subSpecies="arabica">Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be separated with certainty from the nominate subspecies only by courtship song analysis. However, in most cases adult
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BC9779DFD871C430" box="[992,1137,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BEFD783FDE21C410" box="[394,545,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BEB0783FDE21C410" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[455,545,1303,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
by the angle of the basal Rs-M crossvein, which in
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BB1D783FDCE4C46F" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BFFD7810DCE4C46F" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[138,228,1336,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
always leaves Rs at an oblique angle; in most specimens of
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BCFB7810D81AC46F" box="[908,1050,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
, this vein is at right angles to Rs. Both subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BDFB7870DF0EC44F" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[652,782,1368,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BDFB7870DF0EC44F" box="[652,782,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. zastrowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BE347851DDABC4AF" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[323,427,1401,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BE347851DDABC4AF" box="[323,427,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. carnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the relatively small basal dilation of the tarsal claw (large claw ratio). The tarsal claw ratio is larger in
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BDF478B1DEFFC48E" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[643,767,1433,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BDF478B1DEFFC48E" box="[643,767,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. zastrowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in any other western European member of the species group except for western populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BC187891D81FC4EE" box="[879,1055,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BC187891D81FC4EE" box="[879,1055,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in the latter taxon the claw is hardly dilated at all. Other characters which help to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BBF178F2DCE4C72D" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BBF178F2DCE4C72D" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">C. zastrowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BE0578D3DDBAC72D" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[370,442,1531,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BE0578D3DDBAC72D" box="[370,442,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">carnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group species, but which are not diagnostic (i.e. black setae on pronotum, genital lip characteristics and green venation), are described further in the main Discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464B0B49BFD27B74DEAEC01F" blockId="22.[138,1185,1239,1684]" lastBlockId="23.[125,1173,136,639]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="2194" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
The song of
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BE4E7B74DE30C74B" box="[313,560,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BE4E7B74DDB9C74B" box="[313,441,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoperla</taxonomicName>
z. arabica
</emphasis>
is best distinguished from that of
<emphasis id="B921420E464B0B48BCC87B74D85AC74B" box="[959,1114,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464B0B48BB777B74D85AC74B" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1024,1114,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="2193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
by its much longer volley duration and volley period, each of which is longer than that of the nominate subspecies by a factor of 1.6 or more. The song of
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BC357DA0DFD2C19F" box="[834,978,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
is also markedly different from that of any other known song species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BC4B7D81DF83C1FF" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[828,899,169,192]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BC4B7D81DF83C1FF" box="[828,899,169,192]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">carnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The only other lacewing sometimes showing single-volley SRUs of equivalent length is
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BCA77DE0D82CC1DF" box="[976,1068,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BCA77DE0D82CC1DF" box="[976,1068,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the carrier frequency in
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BE1C7DC0DDC6C03F" box="[363,454,232,256]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BE1C7DC0DDC6C03F" box="[363,454,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more complex harmonic structure and increases rather than decreases during the course of each volley.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464A0B49BFEF7C00DF32C340" blockId="23.[125,1173,136,639]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
Larvae of
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BE667C00DDA6C07F" box="[273,422,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BE937C00DE82C07F" box="[484,642,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BD5F7C00DE82C07F" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[552,642,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are similar, but can usually be distinguished from each other by the frequent presence in
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BDF57C60DF13C05F" box="[642,787,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
of a fronto-medial spot, which is absent in all
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BE6C7C40DDBCC0BF" box="[283,444,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BE157C40DDBCC0BF" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[354,444,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Another distinguishing feature is the absence in most
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BB2E7C40DCCEC09F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
of a darker spot in the dorso-lateral stripe mesad of the eyes, which is always present in the nominate subspecies. None of the
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BD017C80DF0FC0FF" box="[630,783,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
larvae examined simultaneously lacked the fronto-medial spot yet possessed the darker spot in the dorso-lateral stripe, which is the universal condition in
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BD657CC0DEABC33F" box="[530,683,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BD267CC0DEABC33F" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[593,683,488,512]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. The larva of
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BC387CC0DFDEC33F" box="[847,990,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. z. arabica</emphasis>
has no features that distinguish it absolutely from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BD157F2FDECCC320" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[610,716,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BD157F2FDECCC320" box="[610,716,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. carnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BDAA7F2FDF4AC320" box="[733,842,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BDAA7F2FDF4AC320" box="[733,842,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BC2D7F2FD809C320" box="[858,1033,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BC2D7F2FD809C320" box="[858,1033,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BB6E7F2FD873C320" box="[1049,1139,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BB6E7F2FD873C320" box="[1049,1139,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BF0A7F0FDCF9C300" baseAuthorityName="Lacroix" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[125,249,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasina">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BF0A7F0FDCF9C300" box="[125,249,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. lucasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its head markings particularly resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BC327F0FDFF4C300" box="[837,1012,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BC327F0FDFF4C300" box="[837,1012,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Carcès,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BF0A7F6FDCCDC360" box="[125,205,583,607]" name="France" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4E3ED464A0B49BFAA7F6FDDADC360" author="Henry CS &amp; Brooks SJ &amp; Duelli P &amp; Johnson JB" box="[221,429,583,607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" pagination="335 - 350" refId="ref12176" refString="Henry CS, Brooks SJ, Duelli P, Johnson JB. 1999. Revised concept of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Holzel), a green lacewing associated with conifers: Courtship songs across 2800 kilometers of Europe (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Systematic Entomology 24: 335 - 350." type="journal article" year="1999">Henry et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
) while those of
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BD117F6FDF00C360" box="[614,768,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
C. z.
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BDD17F6FDF00C360" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[678,768,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zastrowi">zastrowi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
most closely resemble markings of some
<taxonomicName id="4C55E59F464A0B49BFB47F4FDD2FC340" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[195,303,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BFB47F4FDD2FC340" box="[195,303,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">C. carnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="499150FE464A0B49BE0F7F4FDDE5C340" box="[376,485,615,639]" country="Russia" name="Belgorod" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Belgorod</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BE857F4FDE3DC340" box="[498,573,615,639]" name="Russia" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4E3ED464A0B49BD397F4FDF25C340" author="Henry CS &amp; Brooks SJ &amp; Duelli P &amp; Johnson JB" box="[590,805,615,639]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194" pagination="172 - 191" refId="ref12290" refString="Henry CS, Brooks SJ, Duelli P, Johnson JB. 2002. Discovering the true Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) using song analysis, morphology, and ecology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95: 172 - 191." type="journal article" year="2002">Henry et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA9E1C464A0B49BF0A7F8FDF08C380" blockId="23.[125,776,679,703]" box="[125,776,679,703]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">
<emphasis id="B921420E464A0B49BF0A7F8FDD07C380" box="[125,263,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BE637F8FDD60C380" box="[276,352,679,703]" name="Oman" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Oman</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BE1A7F8FDE73C380" box="[365,627,679,703]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BDF77F8FDEC2C380" box="[640,706,679,703]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F342DE8C464A0B49BDA77F8FDF04C380" box="[720,772,679,703]" name="Iran" pageId="23" pageNumber="2194">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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