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<document id="7A7E1269F1FA3CA7344100EDF0D56AD2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4013.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0d231f7-8000-42c1-bcf3-3fa00b6e77c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242877" ID-ZooBank="78D07882-590D-44D6-A765-23BE9A6999ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461245728260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sánchez-Monge, Alcides, Flores, Lorena, Salazar, Luis, Hockland, Sue &amp; Bert, Wim" docDate="2015" docId="03FB87F7FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E280F98D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04013p224.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4013 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie 1942" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="FFC2FF8FFFF5FFDCFFC1FFBCE068FF82" masterDocTitle="An updated list of the plants associated with plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and its implications for plant-parasitism within this genus" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1698606406633" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="13408113B7A28603CFF223C75D18ED03">An updated list of the plants associated with plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and its implications for plant-parasitism within this genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9974D5D19A7652ADB593E363917BF981">Sánchez-Monge, Alcides</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45298F5B26C7A402EFC1280E5E66EA24">Salazar, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="982460EA52E625E56A99EC9699F2B0F2">Hockland, Sue</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FB87F7FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E280F98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119634662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87F7FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E280F98D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87F7FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E280F98D" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<subSubSection id="C348656AFFF1FFD8FF56FD01E369FBBC" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED36E1FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E23CFD54" blockId="4.[151,1436,701,1086]" box="[151,596,701,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<heading id="D0A5818DFFF1FFD8FF56FD01E23CFD54" bold="true" box="[151,596,701,726]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E23CFD54" authority="Christie, 1942" authorityName="Christie" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,596,701,726]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="besseyi">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E23CFD54" bold="true" box="[151,596,701,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FF56FD01E1CEFD54" bold="true" box="[151,422,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Aphelenchoides besseyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FE6CFD01E23CFD54" author="Christie" box="[429,596,701,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Christie, J. R. (1942) A description of Aphelenchoides besseyi n. sp., the summer-dwarf nematode on strawberries, with comments on the identity of Aphelenchoides subtenuis (Cobb, 1926) and Aphelenchoides hodsoni Goodey, 1935. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 9, 82 - 84." type="journal article" year="1942">Christie, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36E1FFF1FFD8FF56FD5EE369FBBC" blockId="4.[151,1436,701,1086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
Known as the causal agent of the “white tip disease” in rice (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FC88FD5DE391FD78" author="Hockland" box="[841,1017,737,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Hockland S. (2004) Aphelenchoides besseyi. OEPP / EPPO, Bulletin OEPP / EPPO, 34, 303 - 308." type="journal article" year="2004">Hockland 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and recently identified as the causal agent of the “black spot disease” on beans (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FD49FCB9E337FC9C" box="[648,863,773,798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FD49FCB9E337FC9C" box="[648,863,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Phaseolus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FC4FFCB9E390FC9C" box="[910,1016,773,798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FBD1FCB9E481FC9C" author="Chaves" box="[1040,1257,773,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Chaves, N., Cervantes, E., Zabalgogeazcoa, I. &amp; Araya, C. (2013) Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), agente causal del amachamiento del frijol comun. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38 (3), 243 - 252. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1982 - 56762013005000009" type="journal article" year="2013">
Chaves
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FBADFCBAE4CDFC9C" box="[1132,1189,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB3CFCBAE506FC9C" box="[1277,1390,773,798]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="besseyi">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB3CFCBAE506FC9C" box="[1277,1390,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. besseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported on 90 other plants, ranging from lycopodiums (Lycopodiophyta) and ferns (Pteridophyta) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FAA3FC95E0BAFCE4" author="Kohl" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Kohl, L. M. (2008) Population dynamics and dispersal gradient of Aphelenchoides fragariae in the woody ornamental Lantana camera. M. Sc. Thesis, North Carolina State University, 105 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kohl 2008</bibRefCitation>
, UCDavis Nemabase 2010) to flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) (
<tableCitation id="C6D0035AFFF1FFD8FC28FCF1E42CFCE4" box="[1001,1092,845,870]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1217,1240]" captionTargetBox="[159,1268,1300,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1: Number of associated plants reported for 13 plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides species on Pteridophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Complete database available at http: // nematodes. myspecies. info /" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D6669FFF7FFDEFF56FB7DE4F0FB7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" tableUuid="DF2D6669FFF7FFDEFF56FB7DE4F0FB7A">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13692A64FFF1FFD8FB99FCF1E4F7FCE4" box="[1112,1183,845,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,860,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,849,1509]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Number of species / varieties of plants associated with foliar nematodes in ferns (Pteridophyta), monocots (Liliopsida), dicots (Magnoliopsida) and other botanical groups" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242878/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FB7FFCF1E5F4FCE4" box="[1214,1436,845,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Zhuo, K., Cui, R. Q., Ye, W. M., Luo, M., Wang, H. H., Hu, X. N. &amp; Liao, J. L. (2010) Morphological and molecular characterization of Aphelenchoides fujianensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Pinus massoniana in China. Zootaxa, 2509, 39 - 52." type="journal article">
Zhuo
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FAC7FCF2E52CFCE4" box="[1286,1348,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FE03FCCEE259FC08" box="[450,561,881,906]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="besseyi">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FE03FCCEE259FC08" box="[450,561,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. besseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on pine wood from
<collectingCountry id="F3457671FFF1FFD8FCD3FCCDE33DFC08" box="[786,853,881,906]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">China</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FCA5FCCEE417FC08" authority="Lamb." authorityName="Lamb." box="[868,1151,881,906]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="massoniana">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FCA5FCCEE458FC0B" box="[868,1072,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Pinus massoniana</emphasis>
Lamb.
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB75FCCEE562FC0B" box="[1204,1290,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">P. t a e d a</emphasis>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FAF9FCCDE098FC2C" authority="Lindley" authorityName="Lindley" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae Lindley</taxonomicName>
) but the parasitic relationship remains uncertain since, like other
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FC21FC29E4F9FC2C" box="[992,1169,917,942]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FC21FC29E4F9FC2C" box="[992,1169,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Aphelenchoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB3AFC2AE505FC2C" box="[1275,1389,917,942]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="besseyi">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB3AFC2AE505FC2C" box="[1275,1389,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. besseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the ability to feed on fungi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FE26FC06E2DBFC50" author="Jones" box="[487,691,953,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Jones, J., Haegeman, A., Danchin, E., Gaur, H., Helder, J., Jones, M., Kikuchi, T., Manzanilla-Lopez, R., Palomares-Rius, J., Wesemael, W. &amp; Perry, R. (2013) Review: Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 14, 946 - 961. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / mpp. 12057" type="journal article" year="2013">
Jones
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDF3FC06E207FC50" box="[562,623,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and therefore the nematodes are more likely to be thriving on mycelia present rather than the tree tissue itself. Further research should address the association between pine trees and this nematode species. Also noteworthy is the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FC91FBBEE3D7FB98" box="[848,959,1025,1050]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="besseyi">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FC91FBBEE3D7FB98" box="[848,959,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. besseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on seeds of
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB88FBBDE262FBBC" authority="(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Webster" authorityName="(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Webster" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brizantha">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB88FBBDE55EFB98" box="[1097,1334,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Brachiaria brizantha</emphasis>
(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Webster (Poaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FDD9FB9AE29DFBBC" author="Tenente" box="[536,757,1061,1086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Tenente R., de Sousa, A., Gomes, V. &amp; Rodrigues, A. Jr. (2006) Techniques to eradicate Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie (1942) from infested Brachiaria brizantha seeds. Nematologia Brasileira, 30, 239 - 244." type="journal article" year="2006">
Tenente
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDB8FB9BE2DAFBBC" box="[633,690,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C348656AFFF1FFD8FF56FBD6E280F98D" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BED36E1FFF1FFD8FF56FBD6E4E3FB01" blockId="4.[151,1436,1130,1552]" box="[151,1163,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FF56FBD6E415FB06" bold="true" box="[151,1149,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FF56FBD6E42FFB06" authority="(Imamura, 1931) Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityName="(Imamura, 1931) Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven" box="[151,1095,1130,1156]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FF56FBD6E1BBFB01" bold="true" box="[151,467,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Aphelenchoides bicaudatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FE23FBD7E2F4FB06" author="Imamura" box="[482,668,1131,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Imamura, S. (1931) Nematodes in the paddy field, with notes on their populations before and after irrigation. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Imperial University of Tokyo, 11, 193 - 240." type="journal article" year="1931">Imamura, 1931</bibRefCitation>
) Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven
</taxonomicName>
, 194
</emphasis>
1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36E1FFF1FFD8FF56FB33E146FAFD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1130,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FF56FB33E1CCFB25" ID-CoL="HBB7" box="[151,420,1166,1191]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FF56FB33E1CCFB25" box="[151,420,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Asparagus aethiopicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FE2CFB33E2B0FB25" ID-CoL="6T3" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." box="[493,728,1167,1191]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae Juss.</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FD38FB2CE424FB25" authority="Ehrn." authorityName="Ehrn." box="[761,1100,1166,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Fragaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandiglora">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FD38FB2CE391FB25" box="[761,1017,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fragaria glandiglora</emphasis>
Ehrn.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FBA6FB33E548FB25" ID-CoL="FTK" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." box="[1127,1312,1167,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae Juss.</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FA83FB2CE140FB4E" ID-CoL="3WF65" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolius">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FA83FB2CE140FB4E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Lupinus angustifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FE97FB0FE1AAFB4E" ID-CoL="623QT" box="[342,450,1203,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FDC1FB08E3E3FB49" ID-CoL="4X2HP" authority="Stapf." authorityName="Stapf." box="[512,907,1203,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDC1FB08E2A4FB4E" box="[512,716,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Setaria palmifolia</emphasis>
Stapf. (Poaceae)
</taxonomicName>
are listed in the UCDavis Nemabase (2010) as hosts for this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FE51FB64E2F9FB6D" author="Escuer" box="[400,657,1238,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Escuer, M. &amp; Bello, A. (2000) Nematodos del genero Aphelenchoides de interes fitopatologico y su distribucion en Espana. Boletin de sanidad vegetal. Plagas, 26, 47 - 63." type="journal article" year="2000">Escuer &amp; Bello (2000)</bibRefCitation>
listed a dozen plant species as associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB67FB6BE529FB6D" box="[1190,1345,1238,1263]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB67FB6BE529FB6D" box="[1190,1345,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. bicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mostly monocots (see online database) and was also found in soil from banana (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FC05FB47E4FEFA91" author="Liao" box="[964,1174,1275,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Liao, J. &amp; Feng, Z. (1999) Research Status of Banana Nematode in China. In: A. Molina &amp; Roa, V. (Eds.), Advancing Banana and Plantain R &amp; D in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 9 th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee Meeting, 1999, pp. 30 - 34. [Guangzhou]" type="journal article" year="1999">Liao &amp; Feng 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and coffee plantations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FF5FFAA3E141FAB5" author="Souza" box="[158,297,1311,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Souza, R. (2000) Other coffee-associated nematodes. In: Souza, R. (Ed.), Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Coffee. Springer Science + Business Media, BV., pp. 209 - 224." type="book chapter" year="2000">Souza 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FE6DFAA2E25FFAB5" author="Zhao" box="[428,567,1310,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Zhao, Z. (2006) Occurrence, taxonomy, biology and pathogenicity of aphelenchid nematodes associated with conifers in south - eastern Australia. Ph. D. thesis, Plant and Food Science School of Agriculture, University of Adelaide, 209 pp." type="book" year="2006">Zhao (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FDAFFAA2E353FAB5" box="[622,827,1310,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Zhuo, K., Cui, R. Q., Ye, W. M., Luo, M., Wang, H. H., Hu, X. N. &amp; Liao, J. L. (2010) Morphological and molecular characterization of Aphelenchoides fujianensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Pinus massoniana in China. Zootaxa, 2509, 39 - 52." type="journal article">
Zhuo
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FD71FA9CE281FAB5" box="[688,745,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
listed this species as associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB21FA9CE12CFADE" ID-CoL="4J2FP" authority="D. Don" authorityName="D. Don" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB21FA9CE511FAB5" box="[1248,1401,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Pinus radiata</emphasis>
D. Don (Pinaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FE41FAF8E2AEFADE" ID-CoL="4J2JV" authority="Parl." authorityName="Parl." box="[384,710,1347,1372]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FE41FAF8E267FADE" box="[384,527,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">P. thunbergii</emphasis>
Parl. (Pinaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. A parasitic relationship was not confirmed on such plant species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36E1FFF1FFD8FF06FA37E280F98D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1130,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FEA3FA30E20AFA21" author="Escuer" box="[354,610,1419,1444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Escuer, M. &amp; Bello, A. (2000) Nematodos del genero Aphelenchoides de interes fitopatologico y su distribucion en Espana. Boletin de sanidad vegetal. Plagas, 26, 47 - 63." type="journal article" year="2000">Escuer &amp; Bello (2000)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FDA8FA30E36BFA26" box="[617,771,1419,1444]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDA8FA30E36BFA26" box="[617,771,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">A. bicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known as a mycophagous species and can feed on algae as well as plant tissue; it is relatively common to find in ornamental nurseries (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FBE0FA13E4B8FA45" author="Jen" box="[1057,1232,1454,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Jen, F. Y., Tsay, T. T. &amp; Chen, P. (2012) Aphelenchoides bicaudatus from ornamental nurseries in Taiwan and its relationship with some agricultural crops. Plant Disease, 96, 1763 - 1766. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 12 - 0229 - RE" type="journal article" year="2012">
Jen
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FB91FA0CE4E2FA45" box="[1104,1162,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). It is also able to grow and survive on roots of rice (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FDECFA68E2D6FA69" ID-CoL="6SZF3" box="[557,702,1492,1515]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oryza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDECFA68E2D6FA69" box="[557,702,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Oryza sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FD0EFA6FE344FA69" ID-CoL="627FW" box="[719,812,1491,1515]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FCAEFA6FE46EFA6E" ID-CoL="8W2B9" box="[879,1030,1491,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Phalaenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FCAEFA6FE46EFA6E" box="[879,1030,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Phalaenopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D62FFF1FFD8FB80FA6FE567FA69" ID-CoL="DPL" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." box="[1089,1295,1491,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae Juss.</taxonomicName>
) despite the absence of symptoms of infestation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B10FFF1FFD8FDF3FA4BE2B4F98D" author="Jen" box="[562,732,1526,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" refString="Jen, F. Y., Tsay, T. T. &amp; Chen, P. (2012) Aphelenchoides bicaudatus from ornamental nurseries in Taiwan and its relationship with some agricultural crops. Plant Disease, 96, 1763 - 1766. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 12 - 0229 - RE" type="journal article" year="2012">
Jen
<emphasis id="B926EAF3FFF1FFD8FDA1FA44E2F0F98D" box="[608,664,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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