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<mods:title id="DDC9D5888B338EF175FC82E20431A0AC">Revised nomenclature of the sea pen genus Balticina Gray, 1870 (= Halipteris Kölliker, 1870) (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3576B90D0264A08D60CDE3FAF589B1C6">Pérez, Carlos Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A54460CD23A1C8579300B5A41EF7498E">Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários - GPA, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F083A456440328CEDD51B7D2AA254A82">Cordeiro, Ralf Tarciso Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="873D03CE476D5155A570D188B01E5891">Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários - GPA, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. &amp; Department of Zoology (Invertebrate Zoology), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBD29B2FC6308236C75523AC04CF3F69">Gomes, Paula Braga</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ACE2BB24734AF91C22046307FDE07002">Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários - GPA, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1BB815933403C7F8" bold="true" box="[151,571,1411,1438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
Kölliker’s 
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<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1A3A159337B5C7FB" bold="true" box="[277,397,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Pavonaria</emphasis>
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and 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1AE715933403C7F8" bold="true" box="[456,571,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Halipteris</emphasis>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BED36ACFF84086A1BB815DB34C5C5F3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1483,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
Kölliker published the work 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1AF915DB3262C783" box="[470,1114,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Anatomisch-Systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien</emphasis>
I. 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1F5815DC3303C783" box="[1143,1339,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Die Pennatuliden</emphasis>
, divided in three parts in two volumes (7 and 8) of the 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A195515FF3719C44B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Abhandlungen, ausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen natuforschenden Gesellschaft</emphasis>
. While Volume 8 was clearly published in 1872, there has been controversy over the publication date(s) of Volume 7. The Volume 7 has nine continuous manuscripts, without divisions, with 602 pages and 46 plates. The controversy is based on the presence of two Title Pages in Volume 7 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/ 54845#page/9/mode/1up). The first Title Page bears 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A19D9166F33A4C4FF" box="[758,1436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Siebenten bandes drittes und viertes heft, mit XXVII Tafeln</emphasis>
(Volume 7, parts 3 and 4, with 27 plates), with 1870 as publication date, and the Second Title Page bears 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1E1D16B336F7C487" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Siebenter band</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF84086A1BF316D837B3C487" box="[220,395,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">mit XLVI Tafeln</emphasis>
(Volume 7, with 46 plates- including the previous 27 cited in the first Title Page) with the date 1869-1870. The presence of these two title pages hinders interpretation, since the book corresponds to the complete volume 7 (with all papers and plates), even though the first Title Page points only to parts 3 and 4. This suggests that individual papers may been written between 1969 and 1970, but there is no information about specific publication dates for each paper. In the same way, there are no Title Pages with single parts 1 or 2. So, there is no clear evidence of a previous and separate publication of parts 1 and 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36ACFF84086D1BE8178F36E0C37B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1483,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,753]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
Kölliker’s paper is split into two parts—the fourth and ninth papers in the volume—with the latter being a continuation of the former [“Fortsetzung” (= continuation) on the Summary of the volume; “Schluss” (=end) on its own title page]. It is clear that the two parts were written in different moments, the first (pages 109-255) was written in 
<date id="FFEC106CFF83086D1B9B10AB377DC2B3" box="[180,325,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" value="1869-08">August 1869</date>
as indicated in the introduction (“Würzburg, in 
<date id="FFEC106CFF83086D184910AB35C5C2B0" box="[870,1021,187,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" value="1869-08">August 1869</date>
”). Even though these two parts were written in different moments, they seem to have been published together in only one Volume, the 7 (with all four 
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D1BB8111336FFC37B" box="[151,199,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Heft</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
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Some authors have treated these two parts of Kölliker’s work independently of each other, considering, arbitrarily, the first to have been published in 1869 and the second in 1870 (Deichmann, 1936; 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B5DFF83086D1FC6115A331DC303" author="Williams, G. C." box="[1257,1317,330,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref6276" refString="Williams, G. C. (1995) Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): Illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, 93 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00929. x" type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B5DFF83086D1E18115B36E3C3EF" author="Williams, G. C." pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="31 - 119" refId="ref6241" refString="Williams, G. C. (1990) The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Annals of the South African Museum, 99 (4), 31 - 119" type="journal article" year="1990">Williams (1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B5DFF83086D1BCA117E3726C3EF" author="Williams, G. C." box="[229,286,366,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref6276" refString="Williams, G. C. (1995) Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): Illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, 93 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00929. x" type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) considered that Kölliker had named 
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<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D1996117F3517C3EE" box="[697,815,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Pavonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D2FFF83086D184D117F35ECC3EF" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1869" box="[866,980,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halipteridae" genus="Halipteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D184D117F35ECC3EF" box="[866,980,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Halipteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 1869 since both genera are listed in the first part of the work (pp. 123 and 124, respectively) with brief characterizations but without any associated species. This would be enough to establish availability, even though detailed descriptions of these taxa and the inclusion of species are found in the second part, 
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<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D190011CB349DC392" box="[559,677,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Pavonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on p. 578 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D2FFF83086D186811CB3581C393" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1869" box="[839,953,475,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halipteridae" genus="Halipteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D186811CB3581C393" box="[839,953,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Halipteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on p. 583. However, as said before, there is no evidence that the first part of Kolliker’s work was published in 1869. In fact, a publication date of 1870 has been attributed to other genera created by Kölliker in the same work, such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D2FFF83086D18ED12333265C05B" box="[962,1117,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Pennatulidae" genus="Sarcophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D18ED12333265C05B" box="[962,1117,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Sarcophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D2FFF83086D1FBB12333322C05B" box="[1172,1306,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Pennatulidae" genus="Godeffroyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EABEFF83086D1FBB12333322C05B" box="[1172,1306,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Godeffroyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which had similar preliminary mentions in the first half (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B5DFF83086D19EC1257354AC007" author="Williams, G. C." box="[707,882,582,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref6276" refString="Williams, G. C. (1995) Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): Illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, 93 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00929. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Williams, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; WoRMS 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B5DFF83086D18C9125732E5C007" author="Editorial Board" box="[998,1245,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" refId="ref6335" refString="WoRMS Editorial Board (2021) World Register of Marine Species. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org at VLIZ. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 170 (accessed 18 February 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Editorial Board, 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36ACFF83086D1BE8127B320AC097" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">We contacted libraries and tracked this publication and all citations of it, and there is no evidence of prior publication of parts 1 and 2 separately. Thus, we assume that Volume 7 has been published in full (parts 1 to 4) and considered the date printed in the title page of the whole Volume 7, 1969-1970, as publication date. Therefore, 1869- 1870 should be considered as the date of publication for both of Kölliker’s papers.</paragraph>
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