treatments-xml/data/03/B2/87/03B28789FFB0E32157ECA48D5018F824.xml

<document id="F26B337792BFBD56003EDD100F656A4B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215004" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722597584661" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dasanthi, Naduni, Thambugala, Kasun M., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Ediriweera, Aseni, Munasinghe, Helani, Elgorban, Abdallah M., Harischandra, Hiruni &amp; Dharmasena, Buddhika P." docDate="2024" docId="03B28789FFB0E32157ECA48D5018F824" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.645.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 645 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pleurotus giganteus Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="FF8BFFF1FFB5E3275764A653531FFFAC" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular insights into the hidden edible mushroom diversity in Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="192" pageNumber="197" updateTime="1722806314734" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="080F712C8D8DA934B357D86460590959">Morphological and molecular insights into the hidden edible mushroom diversity in Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A3D5CFEC838208A47BB32016675D816">Dasanthi, Naduni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D6AB4B210D880807D1C232642C6FAD7">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="95CD956D00959A05B3C2135E76D94495">Thambugala, Kasun M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EC67FEDEDE84950DBD3E4978DCD40F42">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka &amp; Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F7B675331A82D39CB681912ABED6B1C">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E85D0AA67F28CD765EFDE53AAD164A21">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China &amp; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantane Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E0325041C08EA3558305643A17571A56" type="email">samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B21EE7B146850C54C051EDA1D4509188">Ediriweera, Aseni</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59E706E817786417C74CE8471B1ECEA9" type="ORCID">0009-0004-5876-7615</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="64BA3F3040DF49575D78A3AAF1198F4B">B-Hood Myco-Tropic Innovations, 1 / 9, 1 Lane, Issadeen Town, Matara, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="97FFE4C00186E8CEAC258FAD593AFC1C" type="email">aseniediriweera@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0A40B98DCE9DC29255AAE6F9FB4D9730">Munasinghe, Helani</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49330E515189D73481BD69EDF992C971" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7229-4691</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="32AF9DBD38CF79C76CCE70B5E97775A8">Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka &amp; Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="507AA23D74D506B8927BBEAA1008417E" type="email">helani@sci.sjp.ac.lk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F2AE6AF7E0BC28C92CA3B5913D2C803E">Elgorban, Abdallah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6FC301CBE198469FF11876B388DF9D3">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="43397E76FF3D3635B8851A78704C43AD" type="email">aelgorban@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="58830F72C47575B0F61D5A80EB1885A6">Harischandra, Hiruni</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E7122B242E5DC87515F83855C3FD7DA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3079-668X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="11BFF5612984D4588AEE132B972F7142">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="628DC2D8000791FC02D88318E3860A18" type="email">hirunih@sci.sjp.ac.lk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DEC863C19B485A95964E10F228BDC51E">Dharmasena, Buddhika P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D4B62DAD917621F1466D8703D238D19">Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka &amp; Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="28D5EABA5286F2A375E9A5D3991A3B2C">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5F7B2C1E7F872CE5824227D3D3D4B2E8">
<mods:date id="9552B8E10E21E4DAAFF0CB44ED897729">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DBFFC651DEED7B16F0CB32AF09F79A5E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C07B2863231782D012EF429224A4EDD7">2024-04-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="90483EC3D9E6E3E780520F4D28F82955">645</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2F1A1DDDC82B97E3748246BDEAD8059D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3799CD5B56E29EADCBD77EFDABDF0AF4">192</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E928D5AB2C73303237C320FEA168D0DF">213</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="140ACFEF60E47BD257D57DC77DDAFB02">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4189A64674051C9E518325CD25C00F7B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB0E32257ECA48D52B9FCB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257ECA48D5095FD54" blockId="5.[136,906,734,761]" box="[136,906,734,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">
<heading id="D0EC81F3FFB0E32257ECA48D5095FD54" box="[136,906,734,761]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB0E32257ECA48D5095FD54" ID-CoL="6W3JN" authority="(Berk.) Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde (2011: 62)" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[136,906,734,761]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257ECA48D5270FD54" bold="true" box="[136,367,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Pleurotus giganteus</emphasis>
(Berk.) Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde (2011:62)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257ECA55152B9FCB1" blockId="5.[136,422,770,833]" box="[136,422,770,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Index Fungorum: 561087</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB0E32257ECA5755135F7AD" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257ECA5755264FCED" blockId="5.[136,422,770,833]" box="[136,379,806,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">
<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFB0E32257ECA57553F9FCEC" box="[136,230,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[474,1111,1286,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-470@5.[474,1114,1286,1782]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pleurotus giganteus (Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-002) a, b. Mature basidiomata in situ. Scale bars = 2.5 cm. Photography by Naduni Dasanthi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215014/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Figure 4</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFB0E3225679A5755264FCED" box="[285,379,806,833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,898,920]" captionTargetBox="[478,1120,198,859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[453,1135,190,873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pleurotus giganteus (Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-002) a. Spores. b. Basidia. c. Cheilocystidia. d. Generative hyphae. e. Skeletal hyphae. Scale bars: a = 5 µm; b,c = 20 µm; d, e = 10 µm. Illustration by Aseni Ediriweera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215018/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Figure 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257ECA53D50CDFB5C" blockId="5.[136,1452,878,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257ECA53D5209FC24" box="[136,278,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Basidiomata</emphasis>
large, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225601A53D52B7FC24" box="[357,424,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB0E32256D5A53D5158FC25" box="[433,583,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="100.0">100–110 mm</quantity>
in diameter, infudibuliform when young, turns to applanate with eye brown (7F6) central depression, champagne (4B4), orange white (6A2) to greyish orange (5B4) towards the margin, center densely scaly, covered with innately disrupted indefinite, small hair brown (5E4) or dark brown (6F5) squammules, fades with maturity to pale ochraceous, yellow or yellowish brown (E8), occasionally dry, margin thin, strongly involute, straight at maturity, slightly sulcate-striate. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32255B6A5AD5025FBB4" box="[722,826,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Lamellae</emphasis>
decurrent, moderately crowded, lamellulae formed with five lengths, slightly interveined and linked over the top stipe, 
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB0E3225420A27150BEFB91" box="[836,929,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
broad, white to cream (3A2); edge entire, pale ochraceous or yellowish brown (E8). 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E322554CA214517FFBCD" box="[552,608,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Stipe</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB0E3225502A21551F3FBCD" box="[614,748,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="80.0">80–100 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB0E3225454A2155085FBCD" box="[816,922,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
broad closer to the apex, 
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB0E32253D7A2155634FBCD" box="[1203,1323,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
at the base, fusiform, solid, stipe surface rough, dark brown (6F6), paler at the apex, tomentose, scaly, with indefinite zones of paler velar remnants when young. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225569A2DC517BFB05" box="[525,612,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Context</emphasis>
white in both pileus and stipe, fleshy, composed of dimitic hyphal system. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257ECA2E05241FB60" box="[136,350,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Generative hyphae</emphasis>
3.8–6 μm in diameter, slightly thickened wall, frequently branching, clamp connections present, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257ECA2855229FB5C" box="[136,310,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">skeletal hyphae</emphasis>
5.8–8.1 μm in diameter, thick-walled with a narrow lumen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF646617FFB0E32257ECA1415250F8E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215014/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" startId="5.[136,229,1810,1832]" targetBox="[474,1111,1286,1781]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257ECA1415250F8E0" blockId="5.[136,1452,1810,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257ECA14153E2F88B" bold="true" box="[136,253,1810,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB0E3225667A14152DCF884" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[259,451,1810,1832]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225667A14152DCF884" box="[259,451,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Pleurotus giganteus</emphasis>
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(Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-002) 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E322544FA1405049F884" bold="true" box="[811,854,1811,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">a, b.</emphasis>
Mature basidiomata 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225345A1405742F884" box="[1057,1117,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">in situ</emphasis>
. Scale bars = 2.5 cm. Photography by Naduni Dasanthi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB0E32257D9A1285135F7AD" blockId="5.[136,1452,1915,2049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E32257D9A1285244F839" box="[189,347,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Basidiospores</emphasis>
6.7–9.6 × 6–7 μm (Qm= 1.3), ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid or oblong ellipsoid, white, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, with one large oil drop or occasionally multiguttulate, thin-walled. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E322530AA1CC57DBF815" box="[1134,1220,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Basidia</emphasis>
23–38 × 8.2–9 μm, clavate, elongate, 4 sterigmated. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB0E3225563A19051BDF871" box="[519,674,1987,2013]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Lamella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edge">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225563A19051BDF871" box="[519,674,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Lamella edge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sterile, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB0E3225467A19050BAF871" box="[771,933,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="197">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, 14–27 × 5.4–10 μm, lecythiform, ventricose base, hyaline, thin-walled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF646617FFB3E32157ECA5D1575EFC10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215018/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" startId="6.[136,229,898,920]" targetBox="[478,1120,198,859]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157ECA5D1575EFC10" blockId="6.[136,1451,898,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157ECA5D153E0FC3B" bold="true" box="[136,255,898,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215662A5D152D8FC3B" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[262,455,898,919]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215662A5D152D8FC3B" box="[262,455,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Pleurotus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-002) 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215451A5D15058FC3B" bold="true" box="[821,839,898,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">a.</emphasis>
Spores. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32154F9A5D150AFFC3B" bold="true" box="[925,944,898,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">b.</emphasis>
Basidia. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215369A5D15702FC3B" bold="true" box="[1037,1053,898,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">c.</emphasis>
Cheilocystidia. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32153D9A5D157CFFC3B" bold="true" box="[1213,1232,898,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">d.</emphasis>
Generative hyphae. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32152FFA5D156B4FC3B" bold="true" box="[1435,1451,898,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">e.</emphasis>
Skeletal hyphae. Scale bars: a = 5 µm; b,c = 20 µm; d, e = 10 µm. Illustration by Aseni Ediriweera.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB3E32157D9A5B95676FB84" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157D9A5B95676FB84" blockId="6.[136,1452,1002,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157D9A5B95114FBA8" bold="true" box="[189,523,1002,1028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
It grows solitarily on soil with decaying leaf litter and woody debris. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215275A5B853D1FB84" authorityName="Natarajan" authorityYear="1979" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Lyophyllaceae" genus="Termitomyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="heimii">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215275A5B853D1FB84" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Termitomyces heimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32156B8A25D5159FB84" box="[476,582,1038,1064]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215535A25D5188FB84" box="[593,663,1038,1064]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">China</collectingCountry>
, the Malay Peninsula, Sabah, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215483A25D5748FB84" box="[999,1111,1038,1064]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215306A25D57D7FB84" box="[1122,1224,1038,1064]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215266A25D567AFB84" box="[1282,1381,1038,1064]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB3E32157D9A2615018F824" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157D9A261527DFB38" blockId="6.[136,1452,1002,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157D9A26152D4FBE0" bold="true" box="[189,459,1074,1100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Material examined:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32156AFA261515DFBE0" box="[459,578,1074,1100]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49DFF87DFFB3E3215536A261506EFBE0" box="[594,881,1074,1100]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Sabaragamuwa" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sabaragamuwa Province</collectingRegion>
: Rathnapura District, Balangoda, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5058FFB3E3215266A26156B3FBE1" box="[1282,1452,1074,1101]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" precision="1" seconds="12.07" value="80.75335">80°45’12.07”E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5058FFB3E32157ECA2055236FBDD" box="[136,297,1110,1137]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" precision="1" seconds="55.36" value="6.6820445">6°40’55.36”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFA5105FFFB3E3215650A20452F7FBDC" box="[308,488,1110,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" value="2022-08-07">
7 
<superScript id="7C6E9BD7FFB3E3215626A2055250FBC8" attach="left" box="[322,335,1110,1124]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">th</superScript>
August 2022
</date>
, Naduni Dasanthi, GenBank accession number: OR139842, Specimen number: RH10 (USJ-GMBU-002).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157ECA291510EFB70" blockId="6.[136,529,1218,1244]" box="[136,529,1218,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
Phylogenetic analyses of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32156C1A291510EFB70" box="[421,529,1218,1244]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32156C1A291510EFB70" box="[421,529,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Pleurotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157ECA35951F9F98C" blockId="6.[136,1452,1290,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
A total of 52 sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32156DDA3595162FA88" box="[441,637,1290,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32156DDA359513AFA88" box="[441,549,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Pleurotus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
were included in the phylogenetic analyses. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E321531EA35956B4FA88" box="[1146,1451,1290,1316]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Hohenbuehelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mastrucata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E321531EA35956B4FA88" box="[1146,1451,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Hohenbuehelia mastrucata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32157DFA37C526BFAE4" box="[187,372,1326,1352]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Hohenbuehelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="auriscalpium">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157DFA37C526BFAE4" box="[187,372,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">H. auriscalpium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were chosen as the outgroup taxa for the phylogenetic tree. The sequence obtained from the specimen RH10 (USJ-GMBU-002) clustered with 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32155DCA300505AFAC0" box="[696,837,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32155DCA300505EFAC0" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[696,833,1363,1388]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">P. giganteus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
forming a monophyletic clade (
<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFB3E32153C6A301561CFAC0" box="[1186,1283,1362,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[151,1436,187,1748]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. A phylogenetic tree for ITS sequences was constructed using maximum likelihood (ML) analysis for the genus Pleurotus. The newly generated strain is in red. ML bootstrap values are given at the nodes. Bootstrap support values equal to or higher than 70% are provided. The tree is rooted with Hohenbuehelia mastrucata and H. auriscalpium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215020/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). The collected 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32157ECA324520FFA3C" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[136,272,1399,1424]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157ECA324520FFA3C" box="[136,272,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">P. giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFB3E321567AA3255257FA3C" box="[286,328,1398,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">RH</collectionCode>
10) exists as a sister taxon to the subclade in clade B containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E321536FA324578DFA3C" authorityName="Karunarathna and K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Berk." box="[1035,1170,1399,1424]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E321536FA324578DFA3C" box="[1035,1170,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">P. giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with GenBank accession numbers KP135560, KP012913, and KP120920 (from 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215595A3C95048FA18" box="[753,855,1434,1460]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215405A3C950D4FA18" box="[865,971,1434,1460]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215361A3C95769FA18" box="[1029,1142,1434,1460]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, respectively) with a strong bootstrap support (100%). In the phylogenetic tree, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32155B3A3EC5092FA74" authority="KP" authorityName="KP" box="[727,909,1470,1496]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32155B3A3EC507EFA74" box="[727,865,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">P. giganteus</emphasis>
KP
</taxonomicName>
120920 (
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFB3E3215495A3ED575BFA74" box="[1009,1092,1470,1496]" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/672j-mk16" name="Mae Fah Laung University Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">MFLU</collectionCode>
10-0141 voucher) is the 
<typeStatus id="54A0883DFFB3E321523DA3ED56B4FA74" box="[1369,1451,1470,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" type="epitype">epitype</typeStatus>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32157ADA3B15221FA50" box="[201,318,1506,1532]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, which is present as a sister taxon to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215449A3B050F7FA51" authority="KP" authorityName="KP" box="[813,1000,1506,1533]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215449A3B050A6FA50" box="[813,953,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">P. giganteus</emphasis>
KP
</taxonomicName>
135560 (
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFB3E321532BA3B157BEFA50" box="[1103,1185,1506,1532]" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/672j-mk16" name="Mae Fah Laung University Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">MFLU</collectionCode>
14-0638 voucher) from 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32157ECA05553F3F98C" box="[136,236,1542,1568]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
indicating that they are more closely related.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157D9A0795145F978" blockId="6.[136,1452,1290,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157D9A0795239F9E8" bold="true" box="[189,294,1578,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215642A0795114F9E8" box="[294,523,1578,1604]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215642A0795114F9E8" box="[294,523,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Pleurotus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215406A0785723F9E8" box="[866,1084,1579,1604]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Lentinus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215406A0785723F9E8" box="[866,1084,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Lentinus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E321530EA07957C3F9E8" box="[1130,1244,1578,1604]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB3E3215394A0795680F9E8" author="Berkeley, M. J." box="[1264,1439,1578,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" pagination="479 - 514" refId="ref9346" refString="Berkeley, M. J. (1847) Decades of fungi. Dec. XV - XIX. Ceylon fungi. London Journal of Botany 6: 479 - 514." type="journal article" year="1847">Berkeley 1847</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB3E32157ECA01D52AFF9C4" author="Karunarathna, S. C. &amp; Yang, Z. L. &amp; Raspe, O. &amp; Ko, T. W. K. &amp; Vellinga, E. C. &amp; Zhao, R. L. &amp; Bahkali, A. H. &amp; Chukeatirote, E. &amp; Degreef, J. &amp; Callac, P. &amp; Hyde, K. D." box="[136,432,1614,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" pagination="57 - 71" refId="ref10919" refString="Karunarathna, S. C., Yang, Z. L., Raspe, O., Ko, T. W. K., Vellinga, E. C., Zhao, R. L., Bahkali, A. H., Chukeatirote, E., Degreef, J., Callac, P. &amp; Hyde, K. D. (2011) Lentinus giganteus revisited: New collections from Sri Lanka and Thailand. Mycotaxon 118: 57 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 118.57" type="journal article" year="2011">
Karunarathna 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215643A01C527FF9C4" box="[295,352,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
used ITS rDNA sequence data and morphological features to move the taxonomic position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E32157C2A02052A0F920" authority="Berk." authorityName="Berk." box="[166,447,1650,1676]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Lentinus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32157C2A0205264F920" box="[166,379,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Lentinus giganteus</emphasis>
Berk.
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215686A02151DDF920" box="[482,706,1650,1676]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215686A02151DDF920" box="[482,706,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Pleurotus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on Thai and Sri Lankan collections resolving the taxonomy. Apart from 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215669A0C55264F91C" box="[269,379,1686,1712]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32156D5A0C55108F91C" box="[433,535,1686,1712]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded in 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E321544DA0C5508DF91C" box="[809,914,1686,1712]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32154FAA0C550FBF91C" box="[926,996,1686,1712]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E321548BA0C45737F91D" box="[1007,1064,1687,1713]" name="Laos" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215357A0C5578AF91C" box="[1075,1173,1686,1712]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Australasia, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E321524FA0C453C3F978" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215672A0E9529CF978" box="[278,387,1722,1748]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB3E32156F6A0E95150F978" author="Phan, C. W. &amp; Wang, J. K. &amp; Tan, E. Y. Y. &amp; Tan, Y. S. &amp; Sathiya Seelan, J. S. &amp; Cheah, S. C. &amp; Vikineswary, S." box="[402,591,1722,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" pagination="324 - 341" refId="ref12250" refString="Phan, C. W., Wang, J. K., Tan, E. Y. Y., Tan, Y. S., Sathiya Seelan, J. S., Cheah, S. C. &amp; Vikineswary, S. (2019) Giant oyster mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus (Agaricomycetes): Current status of the cultivation methods, chemical composition, biological, and healthpromoting properties. Food Reviews International 35 (4): 324 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 87559129.2018.1542710" type="journal article" year="2019">
Phan 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E32156B7A0E85114F978" box="[467,523,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB3E32157D9A08D5018F824" blockId="6.[136,1452,1290,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">
The nutrient composition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB3E3215697A08C5166F954" box="[499,633,1759,1784]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E3215697A08C5166F954" box="[499,633,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">P.giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has revealed that it typically contains high levels of protein, carbohydrates, and minerals while having a low-fat content (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB3E32155CEA151508EF8B0" author="Thachunglura, V. L. &amp; Rai, P. K. &amp; Zohmangaiha, L. B. &amp; Lalmuansangi, Z. J." box="[682,913,1794,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref13200" refString="Thachunglura, V. L., Rai, P. K., Zohmangaiha, L. B. &amp; Lalmuansangi, Z. J. (2023) Pleurotus giganteus as a Valuable Source of Nutrients. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16: 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.17485 / IJST / v 16 sp 1. msc 12" type="journal article" year="2023">Thachunglura 2023</bibRefCitation>
). It is a wild edible mushroom consumed by communities in tropical and subtropical regions such as 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E321559BA175505AF8EC" box="[767,837,1830,1856]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215435A17550A5F8EC" box="[849,954,1830,1856]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32154A1A175572AF8EC" box="[965,1077,1830,1856]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215324A17557B9F8EC" box="[1088,1190,1830,1856]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E3215385A1755650F8EC" box="[1249,1359,1830,1856]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and has gained attention for its potential as a commercially cultivatable mushroom (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB3E32154BCA119578AF8C8" author="Phan, C. W. &amp; Wang, J. K. &amp; Tan, E. Y. Y. &amp; Tan, Y. S. &amp; Sathiya Seelan, J. S. &amp; Cheah, S. C. &amp; Vikineswary, S." box="[984,1173,1866,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="198" pagination="324 - 341" refId="ref12250" refString="Phan, C. W., Wang, J. K., Tan, E. Y. Y., Tan, Y. S., Sathiya Seelan, J. S., Cheah, S. C. &amp; Vikineswary, S. (2019) Giant oyster mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus (Agaricomycetes): Current status of the cultivation methods, chemical composition, biological, and healthpromoting properties. Food Reviews International 35 (4): 324 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 87559129.2018.1542710" type="journal article" year="2019">
Phan 
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB3E321537DA118574EF8C8" box="[1049,1105,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). However, it has not yet been cultivated as a commercial mushroom in 
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB3E32155F6A13D501BF824" box="[658,772,1902,1928]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="198">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>