treatments-xml/data/03/E8/43/03E843668D774526C885EEA6C0AA326A.xml

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<mods:title id="FAA8EE8AEDE9DF2874EB2402E9F143F3">First Lanuginellinae (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Rossellidae) from the NE Pacific and first species of Doconesthes from the Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D774521C885EEA6C5E93581" ID-CoL="372XP" box="[151,481,151,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dustinchiversi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D774521C885EEA6C5E93581" bold="true" box="[151,481,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Doconesthes dustinchiversi</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C88DEE8BC4E435E3" box="[159,236,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1179,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1146]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,483,1155]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Lanuginellinae without the recently transferred genus Caulophacus. Open circles are Doconesthes sessilis Topsent; star is location of the new species, D. dustinchiversi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C902EE8AC52835E3" box="[272,288,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Detailed location of collection on Bowie Seamount off Haida Gwai (HG). B. Holotype, front and back of slightly flattened specimen. C. Oscular area in oblique view. D. Dermal surface with hypodermal lattice visible. E. Closer view of the dermal surface showing fine network of dermalia. F. Slide preparation of dermal surface lattice. G. Atrial surface. H. Closer view of atrial surface showing atrialia with longer ray projecting and no hint of hypoatrialia. I. Slide preparation of atrial lattice." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">2</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6C3C7CB8D774521C93EEE8BC57535E3" box="[300,381,186,211]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,236,1670]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Doconesthes dustinchiversi, RBCM 014 - 00412 - 01, from British Columbia, Canada (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3EA2F88D704526C885EEA9C68735E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" tableUuid="DF3EA2F88D704526C885EEA9C68735E0">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D774521C885EF33C6C6340E" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D774521C885EF33C580342B" bold="true" box="[151,392,258,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54FA4CD28D774521C985EF33C60B342B" box="[407,515,258,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
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014-00412-01, FV ‘Pacific Viking', set 0 18, 0 
<date id="FFFFD4B08D774521CCB4EF33C148342B" box="[1190,1344,258,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" value="2014-05-06">6 May 2014</date>
, Bowie Seamount, 53 
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’N, 135 
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’W, 
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.
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<emphasis id="B9352E628D774521C8D5EF7BC5513453" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Description.</emphasis>
The single specimen (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CA4BEF7BC69E3453" box="[601,662,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Detailed location of collection on Bowie Seamount off Haida Gwai (HG). B. Holotype, front and back of slightly flattened specimen. C. Oscular area in oblique view. D. Dermal surface with hypodermal lattice visible. E. Closer view of the dermal surface showing fine network of dermalia. F. Slide preparation of dermal surface lattice. G. Atrial surface. H. Closer view of atrial surface showing atrialia with longer ray projecting and no hint of hypoatrialia. I. Slide preparation of atrial lattice." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig 2</figureCitation>
B–C) is a slightly flattened sac 65.4 x 50.8 x 
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with a single large osculum 19.6 x 
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opening to a deep atrium. The body wall is thick, to 8.0 mm on the flattened sides and 
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on the more abruptly curved sides. Large prostal diactins project singly (
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apart) or in small groups of 2 or 3 (
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apart within groups) obliquely upwards, 7.0 (3.1–13.3; 35) mm, from the upper half of the nearly smooth body or low-lumpy surface; prostalia project from margins of low inflations of the body surface, not from the prominences. The sponge is very firm and almost incompressible. The attachment base is missing so it remains uncertain if a basidictyonal mass was present or if the sponge attached to hard substrate with grappling spicules. The dermal surface has an irregular, transparent, thin lattice formed mostly by diactine dermalia supported on a coarser lattice of pentactine and diactine hypodermalia (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CBA2EC5BC7FE37B3" box="[944,1014,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Detailed location of collection on Bowie Seamount off Haida Gwai (HG). B. Holotype, front and back of slightly flattened specimen. C. Oscular area in oblique view. D. Dermal surface with hypodermal lattice visible. E. Closer view of the dermal surface showing fine network of dermalia. F. Slide preparation of dermal surface lattice. G. Atrial surface. H. Closer view of atrial surface showing atrialia with longer ray projecting and no hint of hypoatrialia. I. Slide preparation of atrial lattice." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Figs 2</figureCitation>
D–F). The atrial surface has a regular transparent lattice formed by pinular hexactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CADBECBFC71C3797" box="[713,788,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Detailed location of collection on Bowie Seamount off Haida Gwai (HG). B. Holotype, front and back of slightly flattened specimen. C. Oscular area in oblique view. D. Dermal surface with hypodermal lattice visible. E. Closer view of the dermal surface showing fine network of dermalia. F. Slide preparation of dermal surface lattice. G. Atrial surface. H. Closer view of atrial surface showing atrialia with longer ray projecting and no hint of hypoatrialia. I. Slide preparation of atrial lattice." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Figs 2</figureCitation>
G–I) oriented long ray out; the lattice covers the entire surface including the apertures of the exhalant canals; hypoatrialia are absent. Body color is light tan with a pink tinge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D774521C8D5ECCBC6F23063" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">
Megascleres are diactine prostalia, diactine dermalia (some as monactins to hexactins), hexactine atrialia (some as pentactins), pentactine hypodermalia (some as diactins), and choanosomal diactins. Diactine prostalia are straight or slightly curved, 62% of the spicule exposed and 38% embedded in the body wall; most prostalia have broken outer ends and all are covered by a final shagreen layer of silica (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CBF0ED57C02F364F" box="[994,1063,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Dermalia are predominately rough diactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C940EDBBC5923693" box="[338,410,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) with rounded tips; of 300 counted, 90.7% are diactins, 5.7% are triactins, 3% are stauractins and 1% are hexactins. Variants with only 1 ray developed but the one opposite longer than the tubercles of cross rays (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C925EDE3C57136DB" box="[311,377,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B bottom) may be classed as either diactins or monactins. Atrialia are predominately pinular hexactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C903EDC7C545313F" box="[273,333,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig 3</figureCitation>
C) with the distal ray longest and bearing densely packed proclined thorns; ray tips are sharp. A few (~ 5%) are not pinulate while fewer are pentactins and rarely they are comparatively spiny. Pentactine hypodermalia are large spicules with smooth rays with rough rounded ends; they are the second thickest spicule 
<typeStatus id="54FA4CD28D774521C885EA52C4CF314B" box="[151,199,1123,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">type</typeStatus>
after only the prostalia. They range widely in length of proximal ray, categorized as being “very short” (less than half of tangential ray length, 
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CA1DEAB7C64031AF" box="[527,584,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig 3</figureCitation>
D upper) in 38% of hypodermalia, “short” (one-half to the same length as its tangential ray) in 44% of them, and “long” (longer than tangential rays, 
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CBC9EA9BC01631F3" box="[987,1054,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D lower) in 18%. Some diactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C88DEAFFC4E831D7" box="[159,224,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E) occurring in the hypodermal position with size similar to hypodermal pentactins are considered to also be hypodermalia. Choanosomal diactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CA43EAC3C69B303B" box="[593,659,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F) are long, thin spicules, often broken and difficult to obtain whole; they are lightly curved and generally smooth with rough parabolic tips and insignificant central swellings. They occur in crossing bundles throughout the choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D774521C8D5EB6FC02233EE" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">
Microscleres are strobiloplumicomes and oxyhexactins with variants. Strobiloplumicomes (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CCF4EB6FC1213047" box="[1254,1321,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G) have a small spherical centrum from which extend the six primary rays, each proximally almost smooth but with a few small lumps and subapically inflated as a sphere which bears the terminal ray bases; the end of the primary ray projects beyond the inflation to end in a bare round-tipped peg 2.5–3.0 µm long. The terminal rays number about 40 per primary ray and originate in 3–5 offset whorls (strobiloid pattern) from the primary ray inflation; they project as overlapping sigmoid curves around the 6 primary axes. They end in a single terminal spine and bear round-tipped spinelets on the inner sides of the strongly curved distal halves; the proximal halves are bare. The oxy-tipped microscleres are mostly (93%) oxyhexactins (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CB56E86BC7843343" box="[836,908,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H) with a few oxypentactins (5%, 
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CD28E86BC18A3343" box="[1338,1410,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">
Fig. 
<date id="FFFFD4B08D774521CD66E86AC18A3343" box="[1396,1410,1627,1651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">3</date>
</figureCitation>
I), hemioxyhexasters (2.3%, 
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521C9AEE84FC5F633A7" box="[444,510,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
J) and paratetractins (0.3%, not figured). The rays bear very fine recurved spines and usually end in straight pointed tips, but hooked tips (
<figureCitation id="137AEEF58D774521CB03E893C75B338B" box="[785,851,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Doconesthes dustinchiversi n. sp. A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
J upper left) are not uncommon. Individual spicules also may have a mixture of both oxyoid and onychoid tips but these are very rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35BA1FB8D774521C8D5E8DBC5973287" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D774521C8D5E8DBC5973287" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D774521C8D5E8DBC5463233" bold="true" box="[199,334,1770,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D774521CA23E8DAC6C63233" box="[561,718,1771,1795]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="574" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dustinchiversi">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D774521CA23E8DAC6C63233" box="[561,718,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="574">dustinchiversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, commemorates the life of Mr. Dustin Chivers, an outstanding marine biologist who spent most of his career with the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, California and died in 1995. He was both my friend and colleague. He introduced me to the beauty and diversity of marine organisms during our high school days and, most important for me, saved my life in a 1962 diving accident. I owe my success and accomplishments to Dusty's presence and strength of character that day; everyday I thank him for my life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3EA2F88D764520C885EBB4C6AA3325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243665/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1388]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D764520C885EBB4C6AA3325" blockId="3.[151,1436,1412,1557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520C885EBB4C51C30AA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1413,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D764520C909EBB4C63A30AA" box="[283,562,1413,1434]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dustinchiversi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520C909EBB4C63A30AA" box="[283,562,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">Doconesthes dustinchiversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20693198D764520CA28EBB4C67C30AA" box="[570,628,1413,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520CA28EBB4C67C30AA" bold="true" box="[570,628,1413,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Detailed location of collection on Bowie Seamount off Haida Gwai (HG). B. Holotype, front and back of slightly flattened specimen. C. Oscular area in oblique view. D. Dermal surface with hypodermal lattice visible. E. Closer view of the dermal surface showing fine network of dermalia. F. Slide preparation of dermal surface lattice. G. Atrial surface. H. Closer view of atrial surface showing atrialia with longer ray projecting and no hint of hypoatrialia. I. Slide preparation of atrial lattice.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35BA1FB8D764526C8D5E80DC0AA326A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D764527C8D5E80DC507342D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1596,2017]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="576" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520C8D5E80DC6093365" bold="true" box="[199,513,1596,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">Remarks and discussion.</emphasis>
The new species differs from the three descriptions of the North Atlantic 
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D764520C885E850C5763349" box="[151,382,1633,1657]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sessilis">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520C885E850C5763349" box="[151,382,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">Doconesthes sessilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having diactins as long prostalia lateralia. In other respects, the three descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D764520CD93E850C4EE33AD" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sessilis">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D764520CD93E850C4EE33AD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="575">D. sessilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD08F818D764520C923E8B4C5C233AD" author="Topsent" box="[305,458,1669,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de I'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par Ie Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, plates I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
as 1, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD08F818D764520CA03E8B5C75533AD" author="Tabachnick" box="[529,861,1668,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. &amp; Collins, A. G. (2008) Glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1), 25 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701847848" type="journal article" year="2008">Tabachnick and Collins 2008</bibRefCitation>
as 2, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD08F818D764520CBB6E8B5C11D33AD" author="Tabachnick" box="[932,1301,1668,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="575" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. &amp; Menshenina, L. L. (2013) New data on glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) of the northern Mid- Atlantic Ridge. Part 2. Aphrocallistidae, Euretidae, Euplectellidae and Rossellidae (with descriptions of two new species of Sympagella). Marine Biology Reseach, 9 (5 - 6), 469 - 487. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.749996" type="journal article" year="2013">Tabachnick &amp; Menshenina 2013</bibRefCitation>
as 3) differ quite significantly from each other. Prostalia were entirely absent in 1 and 3 but projecting hypodermal pentactins were present in 2. Hypodermal pentactins with short proximal rays were reported in 1 but not 2 or 3. Hypoatrialia were absent in 1 and 2 but differentiated from atrialia in 3. Dermal diactin lengths do not overlap at all as given in the three reports: longest in 1 (320–390 µm), shorter in 2 (156–280 µm) and shortest in 3 (23–68 µm). For oxytipped microscleres, none of the three reports are sufficiently quantitative to allow comparisons between them or with the new Pacific specimen, e.g. in 1 and 2 they are reported as “most are hemioxyhexasters”, in 3 as “oxyhexactins, hemioxyhexasters and oxyhexasters” but without relative abundances. Some of these and other differences between specimen descriptions could be attributed to condition and size (maturity) of the specimens, but it is extremely unlikely that dermalia would differ significantly in size. Authors of the latest report (3) have been conservative in interpreting the two later specimens as belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D714527CBC6EEA8C04D3580" box="[980,1093,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="576" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sessilis">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D714527CBC6EEA8C04D3580" box="[980,1093,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="576">D. sessilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with limited specimens of very different size, their conclusions were reasonable. However, with addition of the nearly complete specimen of a new Northeast Pacific species, a re-evaluation of the differences between the North Atlantic specimens appears warranted.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3EA2F88D714527C885E904C08932F6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243666/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="576" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1823]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D714527C885E904C08932F6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1845,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D714527C885E904C51A327B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1845,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="576">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Spicules of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D714527C983E907C6AF327B" box="[401,679,1846,1867]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="576" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dustinchiversi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D714527C983E907C6AF327B" box="[401,679,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="576">Doconesthes dustinchiversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20693198D714527CABFE907C6EE327B" box="[685,742,1846,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="576" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D714527CABFE907C6EE327B" bold="true" box="[685,742,1846,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="576">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Diactine lateral prostalium with magnified shagreen surface. B. Dermalia of various forms with magnified ray tip of diactin. C. Atrialia with magnified pinular ray tip. D. Pentactine hypodermalia with very short and longer proximal ray, with magnified tangential ray tip. E. Diactine hypodermalium with magnified ray end. F. Choanosomal diactin with magnified ray tip. G. Strobiloplumicome with magnified primary ray tuft and secondary ray tips. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Oxypentactin. J. Hemioxyhexaster with magnified ray tips.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3EA2F88D704526C885EEA9C68735E0" ID-Table-UUID="DF3EA2F88D704526C885EEA9C68735E0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3EA2F88D704526C885EEA9C68735E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577" targetBox="[151,1366,236,1670]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D704526C885EEA9C68735E0" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="B9352E628D704526C885EEA9C503359F" bold="true" box="[151,267,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of 
<emphasis id="B9352E628D704526CA07EEA6C74A359F" box="[533,834,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="4C4189F38D704526CA07EEA6C736359F" box="[533,830,151,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Doconesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="577" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dustinchiversi">Doconesthes dustinchiversi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
RBCM 014-00412-01, from British Columbia, Canada (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D704526C88DEEDCC58233B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<table id="F94100D08D70BADCC885EEDDC15E33B6" box="[151,1366,236,1670]" gridcols="5" gridrows="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EEDDC15E3432" box="[151,1366,236,258]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EEDDC5C93432" box="[151,449,236,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">parameter</th>
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EEDDC6FC3432" box="[699,756,236,258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">mean</th>
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEEDDC7A83432" box="[857,928,236,258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">st. dev.</th>
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EEDDC07E3432" box="[1027,1142,236,258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">range</th>
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEEDDC15E3432" box="[1289,1366,236,258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">number</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EF24C15E341B" box="[151,1366,277,299]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EF24C5C9341B" box="[151,449,277,299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Prostal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EF24C6FC341B" box="[699,756,277,299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">14.67</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEF24C7A8341B" box="[857,928,277,299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">5.47</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EF24C07E341B" box="[1027,1142,277,299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">7.59–21.31</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEF24C15E341B" box="[1289,1366,277,299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EF0FC15E3464" box="[151,1366,318,340]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EF0FC5C93464" box="[151,449,318,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EF0FC6FC3464" box="[699,756,318,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">112</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEF0FC7A83464" box="[857,928,318,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">21</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EF0FC07E3464" box="[1027,1142,318,340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">85–146</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEF0FC15E3464" box="[1289,1366,318,340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EF59C15E344E" box="[151,1366,360,382]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EF59C5C9344E" box="[151,449,360,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Dermal diactin length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EF59C6FC344E" box="[699,756,360,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">273</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEF59C7A8344E" box="[857,928,360,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">33</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EF59C07E344E" box="[1027,1142,360,382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">224–353</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEF59C15E344E" box="[1289,1366,360,382]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EFA0C15E3497" box="[151,1366,401,423]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EFA0C5C93497" box="[151,449,401,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EFA0C6FC3497" box="[699,756,401,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">8.3</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEFA0C7A83497" box="[857,928,401,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">2.0</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EFA0C07E3497" box="[1027,1142,401,423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">5.0–13.3</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEFA0C15E3497" box="[1289,1366,401,423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EF8BC15E34E0" box="[151,1366,442,464]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EF8BC5C934E0" box="[151,449,442,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">triactin axial length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EF8BC6FC34E0" box="[699,756,442,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">233</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEF8BC7A834E0" box="[857,928,442,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">49</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EF8BC07E34E0" box="[1027,1142,442,464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">133–360</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEF8BC15E34E0" box="[1289,1366,442,464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EFD5C15E34CA" box="[151,1366,484,506]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EFD5C5C934CA" box="[151,449,484,506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">stauractin axial length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EFD5C6FC34CA" box="[699,756,484,506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">208</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEFD5C7A834CA" box="[857,928,484,506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">52</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EFD5C07E34CA" box="[1027,1142,484,506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">126–353</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEFD5C15E34CA" box="[1289,1366,484,506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EC3CC15E3713" box="[151,1366,525,547]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EC3CC5C93713" box="[151,449,525,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">pentactin axial length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EC3CC6FC3713" box="[699,756,525,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">245</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEC3CC7A83713" box="[857,928,525,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">30</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EC3CC07E3713" box="[1027,1142,525,547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">225–266</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEC3CC15E3713" box="[1289,1366,525,547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EC07C15E377C" box="[151,1366,566,588]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EC07C5C9377C" box="[151,449,566,588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">hexactin axial length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EC07C6FC377C" box="[699,756,566,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">177</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEC07C7A8377C" box="[857,928,566,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">23</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EC07C07E377C" box="[1027,1142,566,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">142–208</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEC07C15E377C" box="[1289,1366,566,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EC51C15E3746" box="[151,1366,608,630]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="577" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EC51C5C93746" box="[151,449,608,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Atrial pinular hexactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ECB8C15E37AF" box="[151,1366,649,671]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ECB8C5C937AF" box="[151,449,649,671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">distal ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ECB8C6FC37AF" box="[699,756,649,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">472</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BECB8C7A837AF" box="[857,928,649,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">123</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ECB8C07E37AF" box="[1027,1142,649,671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">89–733</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BECB8C15E37AF" box="[1289,1366,649,671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EC83C15E37F8" box="[151,1366,690,712]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EC83C5C937F8" box="[151,449,690,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">distal ray width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EC83C6FC37F8" box="[699,756,690,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">15.5</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEC83C7A837F8" box="[857,928,690,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.7</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EC83C07E37F8" box="[1027,1142,690,712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">7.8–28.3</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEC83C15E37F8" box="[1289,1366,690,712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ECEDC15E37C2" box="[151,1366,732,754]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ECEDC5C937C2" box="[151,449,732,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ECEDC6FC37C2" box="[699,756,732,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">288</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BECEDC7A837C2" box="[857,928,732,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">69</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ECEDC07E37C2" box="[1027,1142,732,754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">159–431</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BECEDC15E37C2" box="[1289,1366,732,754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ED34C15E362B" box="[151,1366,773,795]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ED34C5C9362B" box="[151,449,773,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ED34C6FC362B" box="[699,756,773,795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">14.5</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BED34C7A8362B" box="[857,928,773,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ED34C07E362B" box="[1027,1142,773,795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">7.5–25.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BED34C15E362B" box="[1289,1366,773,795]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ED1FC15E3674" box="[151,1366,814,836]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ED1FC5C93674" box="[151,449,814,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ED1FC6FC3674" box="[699,756,814,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">144</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BED1FC7A83674" box="[857,928,814,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">44</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ED1FC07E3674" box="[1027,1142,814,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">82–284</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BED1FC15E3674" box="[1289,1366,814,836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ED69C15E365E" box="[151,1366,856,878]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ED69C5C9365E" box="[151,449,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ED69C6FC365E" box="[699,756,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">14.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BED69C7A8365E" box="[857,928,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ED69C07E365E" box="[1027,1142,856,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">8.0–23.8</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BED69C15E365E" box="[1289,1366,856,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EDB0C15E36A7" box="[151,1366,897,919]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="577" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EDB0C5C936A7" box="[151,449,897,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Hypodermal pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885ED9BC15E36F0" box="[151,1366,938,960]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885ED9BC5C936F0" box="[151,449,938,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9ED9BC6FC36F0" box="[699,756,938,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">599</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BED9BC7A836F0" box="[857,928,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">91</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11ED9BC07E36F0" box="[1027,1142,938,960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">382–782</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BED9BC15E36F0" box="[1289,1366,938,960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EDE5C15E36DA" box="[151,1366,980,1002]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EDE5C5C936DA" box="[151,449,980,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EDE5C6FC36DA" box="[699,756,980,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">27.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEDE5C7A836DA" box="[857,928,980,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">2.9</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EDE5C07E36DA" box="[1027,1142,980,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">21.0–33.8</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEDE5C15E36DA" box="[1289,1366,980,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EDCCC15E3123" box="[151,1366,1021,1043]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EDCCC5C93123" box="[151,449,1021,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EDCCC6FC3123" box="[699,756,1021,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">395</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEDCCC7A83123" box="[857,928,1021,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">196</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EDCCC07E3123" box="[1027,1142,1021,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">144–841</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEDCCC15E3123" box="[1289,1366,1021,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EA17C15E310C" box="[151,1366,1062,1084]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EA17C5C9310C" box="[151,449,1062,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EA17C6FC310C" box="[699,756,1062,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">25.6</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEA17C7A8310C" box="[857,928,1062,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EA17C07E310C" box="[1027,1142,1062,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">20.0–31.7</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEA17C15E310C" box="[1289,1366,1062,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EA61C15E3156" box="[151,1366,1104,1126]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EA61C5C93156" box="[151,449,1104,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Hypodermal diactin length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EA61C6FC3156" box="[699,756,1104,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1142</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEA61C7A83156" box="[857,928,1104,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">370</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EA61C07E3156" box="[1027,1142,1104,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">501–1601</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEA61C15E3156" box="[1289,1366,1104,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EA48C15E31BF" box="[151,1366,1145,1167]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EA48C5C931BF" box="[151,449,1145,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EA48C6FC31BF" box="[699,756,1145,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">16.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEA48C7A831BF" box="[857,928,1145,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EA48C07E31BF" box="[1027,1142,1145,1167]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">10.0–21.2</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEA48C15E31BF" box="[1289,1366,1145,1167]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EA93C15E3188" box="[151,1366,1186,1208]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EA93C5C93188" box="[151,449,1186,1208]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Choanosomal diactin length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EA93C6FC3188" box="[699,756,1186,1208]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">4066</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEA93C7A83188" box="[857,928,1186,1208]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1331</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EA93C07E3188" box="[1027,1142,1186,1208]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1473–7155</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEA93C15E3188" box="[1289,1366,1186,1208]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EAFDC15E31D2" box="[151,1366,1228,1250]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EAFDC5C931D2" box="[151,449,1228,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">width</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EAFDC6FC31D2" box="[699,756,1228,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">19.8</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEAFDC7A831D2" box="[857,928,1228,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">3.9</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EAFDC07E31D2" box="[1027,1142,1228,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">9.0–28.6</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEAFDC15E31D2" box="[1289,1366,1228,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EAC4C15E303B" box="[151,1366,1269,1291]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EAC4C5C9303B" box="[151,449,1269,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Strobiloplumicome diameter</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EAC4C6FC303B" box="[699,756,1269,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">43.5</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEAC4C7A8303B" box="[857,928,1269,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">4.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EAC4C07E303B" box="[1027,1142,1269,1291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">33.1–52.6</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEAC4C15E303B" box="[1289,1366,1269,1291]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EB2FC15E3004" box="[151,1366,1310,1332]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EB2FC5C93004" box="[151,449,1310,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">primary ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EB2FC6FC3004" box="[699,756,1310,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">9.0</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEB2FC7A83004" box="[857,928,1310,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1.2</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EB2FC07E3004" box="[1027,1142,1310,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">5.9–14.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEB2FC15E3004" box="[1289,1366,1310,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EB79C15E306E" box="[151,1366,1352,1374]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EB79C5C9306E" box="[151,449,1352,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EB79C6FC306E" box="[699,756,1352,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">15.2</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEB79C7A8306E" box="[857,928,1352,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1.7</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EB79C07E306E" box="[1027,1142,1352,1374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">11.7–18.8</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEB79C15E306E" box="[1289,1366,1352,1374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EB40C15E30B7" box="[151,1366,1393,1415]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EB40C5C930B7" box="[151,449,1393,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Oxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EB40C6FC30B7" box="[699,756,1393,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">141</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEB40C7A830B7" box="[857,928,1393,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">19</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EB40C07E30B7" box="[1027,1142,1393,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">70–183</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEB40C15E30B7" box="[1289,1366,1393,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EBABC15E3080" box="[151,1366,1434,1456]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EBABC5C93080" box="[151,449,1434,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Hemioxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EBABC6FC3080" box="[699,756,1434,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">152</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEBABC7A83080" box="[857,928,1434,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">11.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EBABC07E3080" box="[1027,1142,1434,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">140–180</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEBABC15E3080" box="[1289,1366,1434,1456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EBF5C15E30EA" box="[151,1366,1476,1498]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EBF5C5C930EA" box="[151,449,1476,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">primary ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EBF5C6FC30EA" box="[699,756,1476,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">7.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEBF5C7A830EA" box="[857,928,1476,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">1.8</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EBF5C07E30EA" box="[1027,1142,1476,1498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">5.2–10.3</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEBF5C15E30EA" box="[1289,1366,1476,1498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885EBDCC15E3333" box="[151,1366,1517,1539]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885EBDCC5C93333" box="[151,449,1517,1539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCAA9EBDCC6FC3333" box="[699,756,1517,1539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">69.4</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCB4BEBDCC7A83333" box="[857,928,1517,1539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">4.6</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCC11EBDCC07E3333" box="[1027,1142,1517,1539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">62.6–80.1</td>
<td id="76A0994E8D70BADCCD1BEBDCC15E3333" box="[1289,1366,1517,1539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3571F0328D70BADCC885E85DC15E33B6" box="[151,1366,1644,1670]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="577" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A0994E8D70BADCC885E85DC5C933B6" box="[151,449,1644,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Acknowledgements</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEF2708D704526C885E882C0AA326A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1714,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">
I thank Melissa Frey, Curator of Invertebrates at RBCM, for bringing the specimen to my attention and to Archipelago Marine Research, Victoria, BC, for providing commercial fishery bycatch to RBCM. SEM work was carried out with assistance of Brent Gowan at the Department of Biology Advanced Imaging Laboratory and Elaine Humphrey, Department of Mechanical Engineering Advanced Microscopy Facility, both at University of Victoria. Funding for the SEM work was provided by the Royal British 
<collectingCountry id="F356B2E08D704526CBD1E973C039326B" box="[963,1073,1858,1883]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="577">Columbia</collectingCountry>
Museum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>