treatments-xml/data/03/D0/FC/03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.xml

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<mods:title id="B8E1D4D78A200300C15F6E6852DDD8D2">Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF18FF24FD732E84" blockId="2.[151,683,151,211]" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<heading id="D08EFA43F74BFFB0FF18FF24FD732E84" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74BFFB0FF18FF24FD732E84" ID-CoL="F3DM" authority="Alexander, 1924" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,683,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Antocha">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF18FF24FD732E84" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF18FF24FF262E87" bold="true" box="[151,254,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FE81FF24FEAC2E87" bold="true" box="[270,372,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FE09FF24FE142E87" bold="true" box="[390,460,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">bifida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FE5BFF2BFD732E84" author="Alexander" box="[468,683,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1924 a) New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 24, 531 - 611." type="journal article" year="1924" yearSuffix="a">Alexander, 1924a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF18FF09FECA2EE5" blockId="2.[151,683,151,211]" box="[151,274,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
(
<figureCitation id="134251AAF74BFFB0FF10FF09FED12EE5" box="[159,265,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1144,1167]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,548,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,541,1123]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Antocha (Antocha) bifida. 1. Ninth tergite of male, dorsal aspect; 2. Gonocoxite with gonostyli, dorsal aspect. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244856/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74BFFB0FF18FEB1FC1F2F01" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF18FEB1FC1F2F01" blockId="2.[151,1436,258,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB696A01F74BFFB0FF18FEB1FC1F2F01" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74BFFB0FF18FEB1FD592F2E" ID-CoL="F3DM" authority="Alexander, 1924a:564" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,641,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Antocha">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF18FEB1FF332F2E" box="[151,235,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF75FEB1FE962F2E" box="[250,334,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FED2FEB1FE402F2E" box="[349,408,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">bifida</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FE11FEB1FD592F2E" author="Alexander" box="[414,641,258,280]" page="564" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FE11FEB1FD8D2F2E" author="Alexander" box="[414,597,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1924 a) New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 24, 531 - 611." type="journal article" year="1924" yearSuffix="a">Alexander, 1924a</bibRefCitation>
:564
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</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FD04FEB1FBCF2F2E" author="Savchenko" box="[651,1047,258,280]" page="111" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FD04FEB1FC362F2E" author="Savchenko" box="[651,1006,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Savchenko, E. N. &amp; Krivolutskaya, G. O. (1976) Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. &quot; Naukova dumka &quot;, Kiev, 160 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1976">Savchenko &amp; Krivolutskaya, 1976</bibRefCitation>
:111
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FBADFEB1FAD82F2E" author="Savchenko" box="[1058,1280,258,280]" page="106" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FBADFEB1FB0C2F2E" author="Savchenko" box="[1058,1236,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1983) Limoniid flies of the South Primorye. &quot; Naukova dumka &quot;, Kiev, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1983">Savchenko, 1983</bibRefCitation>
:106
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FA85FEB1FEF22F01" author="Lackschewitz" page="716" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FA85FEB1FF252F01" author="Lackschewitz" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Lackschewitz, P. (1964) New and little-known palaearctic crane-flies of the family Limoniidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43, 710 - 733." type="journal article" year="1964">Lackschewitz, 1964</bibRefCitation>
:716
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FEBBFE92FE0C2F01" author="Torii" box="[308,468,289,311]" page="167" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FEBBFE92FE702F01" author="Torii" box="[308,424,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Torii, T. (1992) Systematic study of the genus Antocha recorded from Japan and its adjacent area (Diptera, Tipulidae). Acta Zoologica Cracowiensia, 35 (1), 157 - 192." type="journal article" year="1992">Torii, 1992</bibRefCitation>
:167
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF74BFFB0FE51FE92FD212F01" author="Podenas" box="[478,761,289,311]" page="170" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FE51FE92FD162F01" author="Podenas" box="[478,718,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Podenas, S. &amp; Byun, H. - W. (2013) Antochini crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) of Korea. Journal of Species Research, 2 (2), 167 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.167" type="journal article" year="2013">Podenas &amp; Byun, 2013</bibRefCitation>
:170
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74BFFB0FC8BFE92FC1B2F01" author="Oosterbroek" box="[772,963,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refString="Oosterbroek, P. (2015) Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World, (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / index. php (accessed 26 February 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">Oosterbroek, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74BFFB0FF18FED7FE6B2FDE" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF18FED7FEC92F4B" bold="true" box="[151,273,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This is a medium-sized crane fly. Body generally brownish gray dorsally and yellowish ventrally. Wings milky with indistinct light brown stigma. Ninth tergite of male genitalia with two small bumps on posterior margin, outer gonostylus with small emargination at tip. Ovipositor with smooth, slightly arched cercus, which ends in a miniature hook.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF061DA7F74BFFB0FF18FBCBFC252A9B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244856/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" targetBox="[158,1429,548,1119]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF18FBCBFC252A9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1144,1197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF18FBCBFEE22ABB" bold="true" box="[151,314,1144,1167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74BFFB0FECEFBCBFD9B2AB8" box="[321,579,1144,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Antocha">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FECEFBCBFE4D2AB8" box="[321,405,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FE2BFBCBFE202AB8" box="[420,504,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Antocha</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FD87FBCBFD9B2AB8" box="[520,579,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1. Ninth tergite of male, dorsal aspect; 2. Gonocoxite with gonostyli, dorsal aspect. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74BFFB1FF48FB67FCD32FE6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF48FB67FE812ADB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1236,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Description.</emphasis>
Based on dry-mounted specimens of both sexes. Body length: Males 
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; females 
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. Wing length: Males 
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; females 6.0– 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF48FAAFFC042BDF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1236,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF48FAAFFEDC2B03" box="[199,260,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Head</emphasis>
. Head brownish gray or brown dorsally, light gray laterally and along the orbits. Antenna 16–segmented, 
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in males, 
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in females. Scape nearly cylindrical, yellowish. Pedicel brownish gray, wider distally. Basal flagellar segments brownish gray, distal segments brown. Basal segments oval, distal three segments elongate. Apical segment approximately as long as penultimate. Verticils shorter than respective segments, slightly longer than whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres. Rostrum grayish yellow, covered with scarce grayish pruinosity. Palpus grayish yellow basally, brownish distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74BFFB0FF48FA47FDA029D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1236,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FF48FA47FEC0283B" box="[199,280,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Thorax</emphasis>
. Overall ochreous. Antepronotum brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Mesonotal prescutum grayish yellow or gray with three confluent brown stripes. Median stripe broad and split longitudinally by narrow light median line. Mesonotal scutum brown with slightly lighter central part. Scutellum light gray with widely yellowish posterior margin. Mediotergite covered with dense light gray pruinosity, sometimes with darkened apex. Pleuron generally yellow, somewhat darkened frontally and slightly pruinose with gray. Wing subhyaline, milky. Stigma pale, nearly invisible. Wing venation typical for subgenus: discal cell closed, 
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74BFFB0FB8FF919FBC428F7" box="[1024,1052,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Rs</emphasis>
very long and straight, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere light gray with yellowish base. Knob slightly darkened apically. Haltere 
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long in males and 
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in females. Coxae yellow to yellowish brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Trochanters yellow to yellowish brown. Femur obscure yellow. Tibiae obscure yellow. Tarsi obscure yellow at base passing into brown distally. Male femur I: 
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long, II: 
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, III: 
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; tibiae I: 
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, II: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FDB8F8EFFD032942" box="[567,731,1884,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.275" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.275" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.95">3.95–4.60 mm</quantity>
, III: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FC9EF8EFFC6F2942" box="[785,951,1884,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.65" metricValueMin="4.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.65" valueMin="4.85">4.85–5.65 mm</quantity>
; tarsus I: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FBADF8EFFB1E2942" box="[1058,1222,1884,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.75" metricValueMin="3.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.75" valueMin="3.95">3.95–4.75 mm</quantity>
, II: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FB7CF8EFFA4F2942" box="[1267,1431,1884,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.675" metricValueMax="3.75" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="3.675" valueMax="3.75" valueMin="3.6">3.60–3.75 mm</quantity>
, III: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FF4DF833FEBD29AE" box="[194,357,1920,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.6">3.60–4.20 mm</quantity>
long. Female femur I: 4.40–5.00 mm long, II: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FCFDF833FBCF29AE" box="[882,1047,1920,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.574999999999999" metricValueMax="6.05" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.574999999999999" valueMax="6.05" valueMin="5.1">5.10–6.05 mm</quantity>
, III: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FBC1F833FB2C29AE" box="[1102,1268,1920,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.8" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.5">5.50–6.10 mm</quantity>
; tibiae I: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FAD2F833FF24298A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.725" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.725" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="5.55">5.55– 5.90 mm</quantity>
, II: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FEA7F817FE14298A" box="[296,460,1956,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="5.2">5.20–5.60 mm</quantity>
, III: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FD8DF817FD7F298A" box="[514,679,1956,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.925" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="5.925" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.75">5.75–6.10 mm</quantity>
; tarsus I: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FC9EF817FC6D298A" box="[785,949,1956,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.875" metricValueMax="5.15" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.875" valueMax="5.15" valueMin="4.6">4.60–5.15 mm</quantity>
, II: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FC6EF817FB5E298A" box="[993,1158,1956,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.675" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.675" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.25">4.25–5.10 mm</quantity>
, III: 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74BFFB0FB34F817FA85298A" box="[1211,1373,1956,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.725" metricValueMax="5.05" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.725" valueMax="5.05" valueMin="4.4">4.40–5.05 mm</quantity>
long. Claw with a single, slender subbasal spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FF24FD6F2ECE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FF24FEE92E86" box="[199,305,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergites brown, covered with sparce gray pruinosity, the caudal margins narrowly light yellowish gray. Tergites covered with sparse yellowish setae. Basal sternites grayish yellow, subterminal sternites brown with light yellowish gray caudal margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FEB6FB7F2F52" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FEB6FE8E2F2A" box="[199,342,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Hypopygium</emphasis>
. Male genitalia yellow. Ninth tergite (
<figureCitation id="134251AAF74AFFB1FC89FEB7FC9F2F2A" box="[774,839,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1144,1167]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,548,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,541,1123]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Antocha (Antocha) bifida. 1. Ninth tergite of male, dorsal aspect; 2. Gonocoxite with gonostyli, dorsal aspect. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244856/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with two small bumps on posterioriorly and widely concave margin between them. Gonocoxite (
<figureCitation id="134251AAF74AFFB1FD05FE94FD142F76" box="[650,716,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1144,1167]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,548,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,541,1123]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Antocha (Antocha) bifida. 1. Ninth tergite of male, dorsal aspect; 2. Gonocoxite with gonostyli, dorsal aspect. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244856/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) elongate, oval, having no extra lobes. Outer gonostylus slightly arched, bearing two small bumps at apex. Inner gonostylus fleshy, covered with scarce setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FEC3FCD32FE6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FEC3FEE72FB1" box="[199,319,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Ovipositor</emphasis>
yellow, covered with erect whitish setae. Cercus long, narrow with upturned apex and smooth ventral margin. Cercus distinctly longer than hypovalvae. Tip of cercus with microscopic hook. Hypovalvae apically with abundant sharp triangle microscopic teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74AFFB1FF48FE6FFE9F2C9E" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FE6FFE9F2C9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FE6FFEB82FC3" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is widely distributed in Asia. It is known from Southern Siberia (
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FB4AFE6FFACD2FC3" box="[1221,1301,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Russia</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FAA7FE6FFA402FC3" box="[1320,1432,476,501]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FF18FDB3FF062C21" box="[151,222,512,535]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FF66FDB3FEF42C21" box="[233,300,512,535]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FEB8FE4CFEA22C2E" box="[311,378,511,536]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FE20FE4CFDE92C2E" box="[431,561,511,536]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. It was found at altitudes between 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FC3CFE4CFC222C21" box="[947,1018,511,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FBBFFE4CFBAE2C21" box="[1072,1142,511,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FB15FE4CFB342C2E" box="[1178,1260,511,536]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 15), but it is known from much wider range of altitudes in 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FD20FD96FD2E2C0A" box="[687,758,549,572]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Korea</collectingCountry>
, where it was found from 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FB95FD97FB752C0A" box="[1050,1197,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 1500 m</quantity>
altitudes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74AFFB1FAAEFD97FEFA2C56" author="Podenas" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" refString="Podenas, S. &amp; Byun, H. - W. (2013) Antochini crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) of Korea. Journal of Species Research, 2 (2), 167 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.167" type="journal article" year="2013">Podenas &amp; Byun, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae of this species were collected in fast running mountainnous streams with sandy or rocky bottoms. Adults are flying or hiding in nearby vegetation. Adult flies of this species are attracted to light (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74AFFB1FAB2FDDFFEE32C9E" author="Podenas" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" refString="Podenas, S. &amp; Byun, H. - W. (2013) Antochini crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) of Korea. Journal of Species Research, 2 (2), 167 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.167" type="journal article" year="2013">Podenas &amp; Byun, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74AFFB1FF48FD09FB3E2D8C" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FD09FB3E2D8C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FD09FE692CE5" bold="true" box="[199,433,698,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FE36FD08FDF22CE5" box="[441,554,699,723]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
: Shishito (fflα% UAEdffi+ ®), 
<date id="FFC76BEFF74AFFB1FB94FD09FB6C2CE5" box="[1051,1204,698,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" value="1917-05-25">25 May 1917</date>
, col. T. Shiraki, 
<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F74AFFB1FAFEFD08FA442CE4" box="[1393,1436,699,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FEBFFD53FDD22CCE" box="[304,522,736,761]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FEBFFD53FDD22CCE" box="[304,522,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Antocha javanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Alexander); Shishito, 
<date id="FFC76BEFF74AFFB1FCA6FD53FC182CCE" box="[809,960,736,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" value="1917-05-26">26 May 1917</date>
, col. T. Shiraki, 
<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F74AFFB1FBF9FD53FB472CCE" box="[1142,1183,736,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FAB1FD53FED52D2A" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FAB1FD53FED52D2A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Antocha javanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Alexander, one of them was designated as allotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FC30FCB6FB802D2A" box="[959,1112,773,796]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FC30FCB6FB802D2A" box="[959,1112,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">A. javanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Alexander); Kaohsiung: Shanping (ffi-), 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FE03FC9CFE0E2D71" box="[396,470,815,840]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
, J. Rawlins, C. Young, 23–31 
<date id="FFC76BEFF74AFFB1FCA1FC9CFC0B2D71" box="[814,979,815,840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" value="1988-03-01">
March 1988, 
<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F74AFFB1FC4AFC9CFC0B2D71" box="[965,979,815,839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
♂; Nantou Co Ren-Ai, Huei-Sun Forest Station (AEffiUae), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2BE8F74AFFB1FE35FCE9FDF42D44" box="[442,556,858,882]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" precision="5" value="24.0891">24.0891N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2BE8F74AFFB1FDB7FCE9FD6D2D44" box="[568,693,858,882]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" precision="5" value="121.0294">121.0294E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FD4DFCE9FCD42D44" box="[706,780,858,883]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
, C. Young, 14 
<date id="FFC76BEFF74AFFB1FC38FCE9FB962D44" box="[951,1102,858,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" value="2011-04-02">
April 2011, 
<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F74AFFB1FBCFFCE9FB962D44" box="[1088,1102,858,882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
</date>
♂; Nantou, Hweishun Forest Station, 
<quantity id="4C81E0CAF74AFFB1FF79FCCEFE992DA0" box="[246,321,893,918]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
, C. Young, 19 
<date id="FFC76BEFF74AFFB1FE7FFCCDFD782DA0" box="[496,672,893,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" value="1996-08-01">
August 1996, 
<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F74AFFB1FD1DFCCDFD782DA0" box="[658,672,894,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
♂, 4 ♀. Also compared with determined specimens from adjacent regions including 
<typeStatus id="54C2F38DF74AFFB1FEEEFC11FE112D8D" box="[353,457,930,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and other 
<typeStatus id="54C2F38DF74AFFB1FDCFFC10FDA82D8D" box="[576,624,931,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
specimens, which are listed in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74AFFB1FC40FC11FB3A2D8C" author="Podenas" box="[975,1250,930,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" refString="Podenas, S. &amp; Byun, H. - W. (2013) Antochini crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) of Korea. Journal of Species Research, 2 (2), 167 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.167" type="journal article" year="2013">Podenas &amp; Byun (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F74AFFB1FF48FC76FC372A58" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF74AFFB1FF48FC76FC372A58" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FF48FC76FEE32DE8" bold="true" box="[199,315,965,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FECBFC76FE362DE8" box="[324,494,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FECBFC76FE362DE8" box="[324,494,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Antocha bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Alexander in 1924a based on both male and female specimens collected in Hokkaido and Honshiu of 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FDC0FC58FD4A2A34" box="[591,658,1003,1026]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
. This species is widely distributed in Eastern Palearctic and Oriental Regions. In more arid conditions with very cold winters on mainland such as in 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FB9CFBBEFB5B2A10" box="[1043,1155,1037,1062]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, this is the only observed species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FE97FB81FEAD2A7D" box="[280,373,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FE97FB81FEAD2A7D" box="[280,373,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Antocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In less harsh climate in 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FD3FFB80FD2C2A7C" box="[688,756,1075,1098]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Korea</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF74AFFB1FCB9FB80FCA12A7C" box="[822,889,1075,1098]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FC05FB80FC372A7D" box="[906,1007,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FC05FB80FC372A7D" box="[906,1007,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">A. bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common species found coexisting with other 
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF74AFFB1FE05FBE6FE3F2A58" box="[394,487,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D913DF74AFFB1FE05FBE6FE3F2A58" box="[394,487,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Antocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74AFFB1FDC1FBE6FD172A58" author="Torii" box="[590,719,1109,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" refString="Torii, T. (1992) Systematic study of the genus Antocha recorded from Japan and its adjacent area (Diptera, Tipulidae). Acta Zoologica Cracowiensia, 35 (1), 157 - 192." type="journal article" year="1992">Torii, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF74AFFB1FD54FBE6FC3B2A58" author="Podenas" box="[731,995,1109,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" refString="Podenas, S. &amp; Byun, H. - W. (2013) Antochini crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) of Korea. Journal of Species Research, 2 (2), 167 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.167" type="journal article" year="2013">Podenas &amp; Byun, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>