plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/D4/46/F0/D446F043FFF8FFD28C92FBCCFA14034D.xml

725 lines
103 KiB
XML
Raw Normal View History

added D4
2024-06-21 12:53:07 +02:00
<document id="ED3FE47438240842345AFF0EF227EA42" ID-CLB-Dataset="5925" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4982.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f68b381d-d0dd-44e2-b9fe-6cf3c1aab1fa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921842" ID-ZooBank="58388FB8-128A-4381-83D1-3C508D0D3873" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623285106829" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harzhauser, Mathias &amp; Landau, Bernard" docDate="2021" docId="D446F043FFF8FFD28C92FBCCFA14034D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4982.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4982 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bellardithala Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021, nov. nom." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="287F883BFFF5FFDD8C05FFAEFF890000" masterDocTitle="An overlooked diversity-the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699009793899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BD9EFD59E9CAF55318560D0A895BD8B5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B5B2B95D87D6ED5E0F562753E4947F0C">
<mods:title id="B8AB4E655C2589980156E3760A011402">An overlooked diversity-the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B3D61731E84C6405C2A772CA60CFF031" type="personal">
<mods:role id="577ACD2510BC0A99DEB670287A2A5082">
<mods:roleTerm id="F42E6187728A9388D8D04D4A531B0B27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9A86A127FFA38A86D356F8F3CEC05A0D">Harzhauser, Mathias</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA1A6BB8DE91571671059937DD9289FA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4471-6655</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D42A6E5F54286C38CF3E7F9DE3B951CE" type="email">mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9571FF2F2EB08A02AB75CEE275ACD18B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="51F2EDA7C37019FB213AA4926F87BD2B">
<mods:roleTerm id="4CBFDA5E10AA374EF17DFAD3C0E6035B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2D13EE6FFF66441BEEF3E0FD042A54AB">Landau, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="613D995D11AD0581FEDC1BF31D754BCE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4471-6655</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7725527F02FD20381872B945AACC9BE3" type="email">mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D1833922022177B8D0D1A29A04149600">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3802D4F234C3625C4C1DC8ECE6F98B64" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7FE226682647DCFCE0311184AFDD0E10">
<mods:title id="F1E3AD3F9CD5E8D65025C8D82E62D5AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="217B093010AC06E44B6F01A7B93B1AFA">
<mods:date id="A0B05F7AAB1353D9C66CF0FB223C9028">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5B09BDF343792073D59B09EE90F4B8EC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="69804AAC4ABB01DCEFD9565D1730491F">2021-06-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E05A2D66F5863E3CDF544BD8083F5D2B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6F50C653404D29C43425268FB8DAD3C0">4982</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AB80F3F3985480CCBEAAA5FC52F4CC6C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="81F0E0060EC40BCD731BE184D5EA531F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A0B909CFFBCAE2541AFACD6D30CD8CBF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9C1A0A3FE1287237644BF2C2A1C54D3F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3401DCB02CD3089D31BCCF0C2ABADBF6">70</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="65CE4D46356FFABB8A2F4B06F8CDCF1A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E5658C2E6BCAB43B2941B9AD114F5397" type="CLB-Dataset">5925</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FD1CB4045B3E1C17DCADB427433EAB6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4982.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8FF39C5D7B9A603D66C7234293DA345" type="GBIF-Dataset">f68b381d-d0dd-44e2-b9fe-6cf3c1aab1fa</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1D69A8646CC0485A97B312025A5A1831" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FA99D79AB7013CD9A58F285B2E80AC0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4921842</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="714EA85302EF2DFE3B9EBC36B8DB42E3" type="ZooBank">58388FB8-128A-4381-83D1-3C508D0D3873</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D446F043FFF8FFD28C92FBCCFA14034D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5043346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183225121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5043346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D446F043FFF8FFD28C92FBCCFA14034D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D446F043FFF8FFD28C92FBCCFA14034D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFF8FFD08C92FBCCFD86047C" box="[151,527,1122,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08C92FBCCFD86047C" blockId="13.[151,527,1122,1149]" box="[151,527,1122,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08C92FBCCFD86047C" bold="true" box="[151,527,1122,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08CEBFBCCFE07047D" ID-CoL="8KS24" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[238,398,1122,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CEBFBCCFE07047D" bold="true" box="[238,398,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFF8FFD08D90FBCCFD86047C" box="[405,527,1122,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nov. nom.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFF8FFD08C92FB04FB1C04E8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08C92FB04FB1C04E8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08C92FB04FEBF04C4" bold="true" box="[151,310,1194,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type species:</emphasis>
By typification of replacement name:
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08EE8FB04FBCF04C4" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[749,1094,1194,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08EE8FB04FC1204C4" box="[749,923,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Voluta obsoleta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08FA6FB04FBCF04C4" author="Brocchi, G." box="[931,1094,1194,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54754" refString="Brocchi, G. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 712 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43873 # page / 9 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Pliocene,
<collectingCountry id="24F801C5FFF8FFD088C7FB04FB7C04C4" box="[1218,1269,1194,1220]" name="Italy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Italy</collectingCountry>
[for figures of
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFF8FFD08C92FB60FF7004E8" box="[151,249,1230,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
see Rossi Ronchetti (1955: fig. 129) and
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08ECEFB60FC4D04E8" author="Pinna G. &amp; Spezia L." box="[715,964,1230,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="125 - 180" refId="ref60642" refString="Pinna G. &amp; Spezia L. (1978) Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. V. I tipi dei gasteropodi fossili. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 119, 125 - 180." type="journal article" year="1978">Pinna &amp; Spezia (1978</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 68, figs 2, 2a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFF8FFD08CC2FB5CFCC10578" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08CC2FB5CFCC10578" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CC2FB5CFECB050C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1266,1292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08DF0FB5CFDBF050C" box="[501,566,1266,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08DF0FB5CFDBF050C" box="[501,566,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08E7EFB5DFD79050C" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[635,752,1267,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08E7EFB5DFD79050C" box="[635,752,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like shells with moderately slender fusiform shells, cancellate, weakly beaded or strongly reduced sculpture. Differing from
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08F78FAB9FC7B0530" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[893,1010,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08F78FAB9FC7B0530" box="[893,1010,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their episodic growth, indicated by the formation of denticles in juvenile specimens and from
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08F2BFA94FCE60554" box="[814,879,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08F2BFA94FCE60554" box="[814,879,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the predominant axial sculpture on early spire whorls. Occasionally with elongate denticles within outer lip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFF8FFD08CC2FA2CFCD206BD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08CC2FA2CFCFE0698" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CC2FA2CFED0059C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1410,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
Shell medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform with conical to weakly cyrtoconoid spire. Protoconch high conical, mammillate, consisting of about three smooth whorls; teleoconch of 4.5 to 5.5 weakly convex whorls. Sculpture of early spire whorls dominated by axial ribs crossed by weak or subordinate spiral cords, often confined to axial interspaces. Axial sculpture prominent or largely reduced on late spire whorls and last whorl, crossed by numerous spiral cords forming cancellate or weakly beaded sculpture. Aperture narrow to moderately narrow; anal sinus indistinct. Inner lip indistinct, narrow; columella with four folds. Outer lip weakly to distinctly thickened, dentate only in adults; elongated denticles occur at least in several species (own data B.L). Siphonal canal moderately long, bent weakly to left with shallow siphonal notch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08CC2F90CFCD206BD" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" box="[199,859,1698,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CC2F90CFEC006BC" bold="true" box="[199,329,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08D55F90DFD0A06BC" authority="Bellardi (1888)" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[336,643,1698,1724]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08D55F90DFE5906BC" box="[336,464,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Micromitra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08DD2F90CFD0A06BC" author="Bellardi, L." box="[471,643,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi (1888)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08E96F90DFD3406BC" box="[659,701,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">non</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08EC1F90CFCC606BD" author="Meek, F. B." box="[708,847,1698,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="479 - 518" refId="ref59374" refString="Meek, F. B. (1873) Descriptions of new species of fossils. Sixth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories embracing portions of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah; being a report of progress of the explorations for the year 1872, 1873, 479 - 518. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 123391 # page / 527 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1873">Meek, 1873</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFF8FFD38CC2F968FEA1011D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD08CC2F968FF690729" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CC2F968FEC706E0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1734,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
Combination of the surname of Luigi Bellardi (1818–1889), Italian malacologist, who has establish the costellariid genus
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08D94F945FD980704" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[401,529,1771,1796]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08D94F945FD980704" box="[401,529,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Micromitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(name preoccupied) for the species placed here in
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD0885EF944FB660704" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1115,1263,1770,1796]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD0885EF944FB660704" box="[1115,1263,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the genus
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08C92F8A0FF510728" box="[151,216,1806,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08C92F8A0FF510728" box="[151,216,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFF8FFD38CC2F89CFEA1011D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1194,2012]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08CC2F89CFE1B074C" bold="true" box="[199,402,1842,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08D9FF89CFD67074C" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[410,750,1842,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08D9FF89CFDC1074C" box="[410,584,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Voluta obsoleta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08E4AF89CFD67074C" author="Brocchi, G." box="[591,750,1842,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54754" refString="Brocchi, G. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 712 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43873 # page / 9 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(for non-Paratethyan species see
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD0886FF89CFA8E074C" author="Bellardi, L." box="[1130,1287,1842,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi 1888</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08916F89CFA11074C" author="Sacco, F." box="[1299,1432,1842,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904</bibRefCitation>
, Rossi Ronchetti 1955;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08D9FF8F8FD050770" author="Pinna G. &amp; Spezia L." box="[410,652,1878,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="125 - 180" refId="ref60642" refString="Pinna G. &amp; Spezia L. (1978) Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. V. I tipi dei gasteropodi fossili. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 119, 125 - 180." type="journal article" year="1978">Pinna &amp; Spezia 1978</bibRefCitation>
, Giannuzzi Savelli &amp; Reina 1883; 1978; Ferrero-Mortara
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08918F8F9FAC60770" box="[1309,1359,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. 1984, and
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08CCDF8D4FE280794" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F." box="[200,417,1914,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="135 - 215" refId="ref58790" refString="Landau, B. M., Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F. (2019) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 4. Neogastropoda, Cainozoic Research, 19 / 2, 135 - 215." type="journal article" year="2019">
Landau
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08D21F8D5FED40794" box="[292,349,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08DB3F8D4FD110794" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[438,664,1914,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baluki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08DB3F8D4FD110794" box="[438,664,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bellardithala baluki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFF8FFD08EA5F8D5FD700795" box="[672,761,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08F02F8D5FCFB0794" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[775,882,1914,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dacica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08F02F8D5FCFB0794" box="[775,882,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. dacica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFF8FFD08F7FF8D5FC5A0795" box="[890,979,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08FE5F8D5FBD70794" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[992,1118,1914,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fedosovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08FE5F8D5FBD70794" box="[992,1118,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. fedosovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFF8FFD08863F8D5FB360795" box="[1126,1215,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD088C9F8D5FABF0794" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1228,1334,1914,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kovaci" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD088C9F8D5FABF0794" box="[1228,1334,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. kovaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFF8FFD0893BF8D5FA1E0795" box="[1342,1431,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08C92F831FDC807B8" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,577,1950,1976]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="abbreviata">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08C92F831FE1F07B8" box="[151,406,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Micromitra abbreviata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08D9BF830FDC807B8" author="Bellardi, L." box="[414,577,1950,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08E48F831FCF007B8" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[589,889,1950,1976]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="granosa">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08E48F831FD4707B8" box="[589,718,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. granosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08ED0F830FCF007B8" author="Bellardi, L." box="[725,889,1950,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08F81F831FB4407B8" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[900,1229,1950,1976]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08F81F831FBAB07B8" box="[900,1058,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD0882FF830FB4407B8" author="Bellardi, L." box="[1066,1229,1950,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD088DCF831FEEE07DC" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mangeliaeformis">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD088DCF831FF3707DC" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. mangeliaeformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08CC1F86CFEEE07DC" author="Bellardi, L." box="[196,359,1986,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08D74F86DFD3A07DC" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[369,691,1986,2012]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08D74F86DFD8307DC" box="[369,522,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. propinqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08E15F86CFD3A07DC" author="Bellardi, L." box="[528,691,1986,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08EB8F86DFC5E07DC" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[701,983,1986,2012]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08EB8F86DFCA707DC" box="[701,814,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. pusilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD08F30F86CFC5E07DC" author="Bellardi, L." box="[821,983,1986,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD08FE7F86DFA9207DC" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[994,1307,1986,2012]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="seminuda">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08FE7F86DFBF807DC" box="[994,1137,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. seminuda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFF8FFD0887DF86CFA9207DC" author="Bellardi, L." box="[1144,1307,1986,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFF8FFD38920F86DFEB200B1" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="taurina">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFF8FFD08920F86DFA1507DC" box="[1317,1436,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. taurina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92FF39FEB200B1" author="Bellardi, L." box="[151,315,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D43FF39FCAD00B1" authority="Boettger 1906" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[326,804,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boehmi" subGenus="Micromitra">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D43FF39FE0F00B0" box="[326,390,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D92FF39FD9E00B0" box="[407,535,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E22FF39FDF000B1" box="[551,633,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">boehmi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E84FF39FCAD00B1" author="Boettger, O." box="[641,804,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref54689" refString="Boettger, O. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmiocanen Schichten von Kostej im Krasso-Szorenyer Komitat. Gasteropoden und Anneliden III. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 54, 1 - 99. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 108176 # page / 59 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1906">Boettger 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F2AFF39FB6E00B1" authority="Boettger 1906" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[815,1255,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kostejana" subGenus="Thala">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F2AFF39FCE600B0" box="[815,879,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F85FF39FC4800B1" box="[896,961,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38FD7FF39FBB400B1" box="[978,1085,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">kostejana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38841FF39FB6E00B1" author="Boettger, O." box="[1092,1255,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref54689" refString="Boettger, O. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmiocanen Schichten von Kostej im Krasso-Szorenyer Komitat. Gasteropoden und Anneliden III. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 54, 1 - 99. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 108176 # page / 59 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1906">Boettger 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD388F7FF39FE3F00D5" authority="Hoernes &amp; Auinger 1880" authorityName="Hoernes &amp; Auinger" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lapugyensis">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD388F7FF39FA1500B1" box="[1266,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. lapugyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92FF15FE3F00D5" author="Hoernes, R. &amp; Auinger, M." box="[151,438,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="53 - 112" refId="ref57816" refString="Hoernes, R. &amp; Auinger, M. (1880) Die Gasteropoden der Meeres-Ablagerungen der ersten und zweiten Miocanen Mediterran- Stufe in der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. Abhandlungen der k. k Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 12, 53 - 112, pls. 7 - 12. [https: // opac. geologie. ac. at / ais 312 / dokumente / Hoernes % 20 und % 20 Auinger % 20 _ 1879 _ Gasteropoden. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 151405" type="journal article" year="1880">Hoernes &amp; Auinger 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38DC4FF15FCDA00D5" authority="Hoernes &amp; Auinger 1880" authorityName="Hoernes &amp; Auinger" authorityYear="1880" box="[449,851,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laubei">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DC4FF15FDA400D5" box="[449,557,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. laubei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E31FF15FCDA00D5" author="Hoernes, R. &amp; Auinger, M." box="[564,851,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="53 - 112" refId="ref57816" refString="Hoernes, R. &amp; Auinger, M. (1880) Die Gasteropoden der Meeres-Ablagerungen der ersten und zweiten Miocanen Mediterran- Stufe in der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. Abhandlungen der k. k Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 12, 53 - 112, pls. 7 - 12. [https: // opac. geologie. ac. at / ais 312 / dokumente / Hoernes % 20 und % 20 Auinger % 20 _ 1879 _ Gasteropoden. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 151405" type="journal article" year="1880">Hoernes &amp; Auinger 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F5BFF15FBF200D5" authority="Hornes 1852" authorityName="Hornes" authorityYear="1852" box="[862,1147,186,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="partschi">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F5BFF15FC6900D5" box="[862,992,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. partschi</emphasis>
Hörnes 1852
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38883FF15FB6D00D4" box="[1158,1252,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. pupa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD388EEFF15FA1100D5" author="Dujardin, F." box="[1259,1432,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="211 - 311" refId="ref55610" refString="Dujardin, F. (1837) Memoire sur les couches du sol en Touraine, et description des coquilles de la craie et des faluns. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, 2, 211 - 311. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 133953 # page / 243 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1837">Dujardin, 1837</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38C92FF71FD9E00F9" authority="Sacco, 1904" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,535,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angustolonga">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38C92FF71FEF500F9" box="[151,380,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala angustolonga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D82FF71FD9E00F9" author="Sacco, F." box="[391,535,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E23FF71FCE300F9" authority="Sacco, 1904" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1904" box="[550,874,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elatocostata">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E23FF71FD4600F9" box="[550,719,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. elatocostata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38EDFFF71FCE300F9" author="Sacco, F." box="[730,874,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F7CFF71FB3700F9" authority="Sacco, 1904" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1904" box="[889,1214,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatoparva">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F7CFF71FBAB00F9" box="[889,1058,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. inflatoparva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD3882BFF71FB3700F9" author="Sacco, F." box="[1070,1214,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD388C8FF71FEAA011D" authority="Sacco, 1904" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1904" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subnullecostata">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD388C8FF71FA1500F9" box="[1229,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. subnullecostata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92FEADFEAA011D" author="Sacco, F." box="[151,291,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFFBFFD38CC2FE88FE8B023D" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD38CC2FE88FE8B023D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CC2FE88FDFE0141" bold="true" box="[199,631,294,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stratigraphic and geographic range.</emphasis>
Early Miocene to Pliocene. The earliest representatives of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD3890DFE89FA150141" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1288,1436,295,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD3890DFE89FA150141" box="[1288,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared during the Burdigalian in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, recorded from the Colli Torinesi in
<collectingCountry id="24F801C5FFFBFFD3890AFEE5FACB0165" box="[1295,1346,331,357]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38951FEE5FAFC0164" box="[1364,1397,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">e.g</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38981FEE5FE1A0189" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="taurina">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38981FEE5FF600188" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. taurina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38CF5FEC1FE1A0189" author="Bellardi, L." box="[240,403,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D9BFEC1FD530189" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[414,730,367,393]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D9BFEC1FDB80188" box="[414,561,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. propinqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E32FEC1FD530189" author="Bellardi, L." box="[567,730,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EE0FEC1FB930189" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[741,1050,367,393]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="seminuda">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EE0FEC1FCE60189" box="[741,879,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. seminuda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38F73FEC1FB930189" author="Bellardi, L." box="[886,1050,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Middle Miocene occurrences are documented from the Badenian (Langhian, Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys Sea as described herein. There, the genus displays its maximum diversity in the southern basins and during the early/middle Badenian (= Langhian). From the northeastern Atlantic the genus is documented from the Langhian to the Messinian (
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38900FE75FF5D0219" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="135 - 215" refId="ref58790" refString="Landau, B. M., Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F. (2019) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 4. Neogastropoda, Cainozoic Research, 19 / 2, 135 - 215." type="journal article" year="2019">
Landau
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38966FE75FA1C01F5" box="[1379,1429,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The last occurrences are described from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea (
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD3886EFE51FB0E0218" box="[1131,1159,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">i.e</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38890FE51FA9A0219" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[1173,1299,511,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38890FE51FA9A0219" box="[1173,1299,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. obsoleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD3892EFE51FF7F023D" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="135 - 215" refId="ref58790" refString="Landau, B. M., Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F. (2019) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 4. Neogastropoda, Cainozoic Research, 19 / 2, 135 - 215." type="journal article" year="2019">Landau et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFFBFFD38CC2FDE8FD440285" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD38CC2FDE8FD440285" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CC2FDE8FE3F0260" bold="true" box="[199,438,582,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palaeoenvironment.</emphasis>
The occurrences suggest a distribution from shallow marine, inner neritic sand environments down to middle neritic soft bottom habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFFBFFD28CC2FD20FED90141" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD38CC2FD20FEB10435" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CC2FD20FEC502A8" bold="true" box="[199,332,654,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D51FD21FD9602A9" author="Bellardi, L." box="[340,543,654,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi (1888: 5)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EA9FD21FCA502A8" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[684,812,655,680]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EA9FD21FCA502A8" box="[684,812,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as new genus for “small subovate species with moderately inflated spire, long aperture with canal, thickened, varix-like outer lip with internal denticles and four columellar folds” (free translation of parts of the original diagnosis in Latin).
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38FA3FD79FBF902F1" author="Bellardi, L." box="[934,1136,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi (1888: 5)</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD388F3FD79FEBC0315" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD388F3FD79FA1502F1" box="[1270,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra obsoleta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92FD55FEBC0315" author="Brocchi, G." box="[151,309,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54754" refString="Brocchi, G. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 712 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43873 # page / 9 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pliocene of
<collectingCountry id="24F801C5FFFBFFD38E20FD55FDD10315" box="[549,600,763,789]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Italy</collectingCountry>
as
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFFBFFD38E78FD55FD240315" box="[637,685,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F2DFD55FC210314" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[808,936,763,788]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F2DFD55FC210314" box="[808,936,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and placed several Burdigalian and Pliocene species from
<collectingCountry id="24F801C5FFFBFFD38D2FFCB1FED40339" box="[298,349,799,825]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Italy</collectingCountry>
in his new genus [
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E23FCB1FD650339" author="Coan, E." box="[550,748,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref54988" refString="Coan, E. (1966) Nomenclatural units in the gastropod family Mitridae. Veliger, 9, 127 - 137. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 134958 # page / 161 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1966">Coan (1966: 130)</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F6AFCB1FB220339" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[879,1195,799,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taurina">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F6AFCB1FB8F0338" box="[879,1030,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra taurina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38809FCB1FB220339" author="Bellardi, L." box="[1036,1195,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFFBFFD388CBFCB1FB770339" box="[1230,1278,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species, obviously overlooking that
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D9CFCEDFDCD035D" author="Bellardi, L." box="[409,580,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi (1888)</bibRefCitation>
had already designated a
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFFBFFD38F66FCEDFC1A035D" box="[867,915,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species]. The name
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38873FCEDFB7F035C" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[1142,1270,835,860]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38873FCEDFB7F035C" box="[1142,1270,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, was already preoccupied by
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38DA3FCC9FDFB0381" author="Meek, F. B." box="[422,626,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="479 - 518" refId="ref59374" refString="Meek, F. B. (1873) Descriptions of new species of fossils. Sixth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories embracing portions of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah; being a report of progress of the explorations for the year 1872, 1873, 479 - 518. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 123391 # page / 527 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1873">Meek (1873: 479)</bibRefCitation>
for a brachiopod and the Neogene gastropod genus would have needed a new name. No replacement name was proposed subsequently because
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38FCEFC25FB7C03A5" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[971,1269,907,933]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38FCEFC25FBC203A4" box="[971,1099,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38851FC25FB7C03A5" author="Bellardi, L." box="[1108,1269,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38DE8FC01FC0103C9" authority="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1853" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[493,904,942,969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DE8FC01FDA703C9" box="[493,558,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1853
</taxonomicName>
by most subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD388D8FC01FA1E03C9" author="Cossmann, M." box="[1245,1431,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref55034" refString="Cossmann, M. (1899) Essais de Paleoconchologie Comparee. Livraison 3. Cossmann, Lamarre &amp; C., Paris, 201 pp., 8 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 113486 # page / 421 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1899">Cossmann 1899</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92FC7DFEAB03ED" author="Peyrot, A." box="[151,290,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="53 - 56" refId="ref60392" refString="Peyrot, A. (1903) Note sur quelques fossils des faluns de la Touraine (Helvetien infer.) et des environs d'Orthez (Helvetien superieur). La feuille des jeunes naturalistes: revue mensuelle d'histoire naturelle, 33, 53 - 56. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107034 # page / 757 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1903">Peyrot 1903</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D28FC7DFEE103ED" author="Peyrot, A." box="[301,360,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="5 - 263" refId="ref60462" refString="Peyrot, A. (1928) Conchologie neogenique de l'Aquitaine. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 79, 5 - 263. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 192271 # page / 155 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D71FC7DFE7003ED" author="Sacco, F." box="[372,505,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref61589" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 30. Aggiunte e correzioni (con 1400 figure). Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera. C. Clausen, Torino, 203 + xxxvi pp., 31 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 46270 # page / 90 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E01FC7DFD0703ED" author="Sphon, G. G." box="[516,654,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref62213" refString="Sphon, G. G. (1969) Notes on the Mitridae of the Eastern Pacific II. The genus Thala, with the description of a new species. Veliger, 12, 84 - 88. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42516212 # page / 108 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1969">Sphon 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E9CFC7DFCE503ED" author="Cernohorsky, W. O." box="[665,876,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 190" refId="ref54826" refString="Cernohorsky, W. O. (1970). Systematics of the families Mitridae and Volutomitridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Auckland Museum, 8, 1 - 190." type="journal article" year="1970">Cernohorsky 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38F7DFC7DFB6303ED" author="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. &amp; Reina, M." box="[888,1258,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref56518" refString="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. &amp; Reina, M. (1983) Thala obsoleta (Brocchi, 1814) nel Pliocene di Altavilla ed alcune considerazioni evolutive e paleoecologiche sul genere. Bollettino Malacologico, 19, 227 - 236. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 199216 # page / 163 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1983">Giannuzzi-Savelli &amp; Reina 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Only
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38939FC7DFF6B0412" author="Boettger, O." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref54689" refString="Boettger, O. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmiocanen Schichten von Kostej im Krasso-Szorenyer Komitat. Gasteropoden und Anneliden III. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 54, 1 - 99. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 108176 # page / 59 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1906">Boettger (1906)</bibRefCitation>
used
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D26FC59FDC20411" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[291,587,1015,1041]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D26FC59FE2A0410" box="[291,419,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38DAFFC59FDC20411" author="Bellardi, L." box="[426,587,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EFBFC59FCB70410" box="[766,830,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EFBFC59FCB70410" box="[766,830,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for his
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F91FC59FB4E0411" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[916,1223,1015,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boehmi" subGenus="Micromitra">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F91FC59FC5D0410" box="[916,980,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38FE1FC59FBED0410" box="[996,1124,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38870FC59FB4E0411" box="[1141,1223,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">boehmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, separating it from
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38C92FBB5FEB10435" box="[151,312,1051,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38C92FBB5FF510435" box="[151,216,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD38CC2FB91FA8C0579" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A further potential name for the Neogene European species is
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F76FB91FBFD0459" authority="Berry, 1958" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[883,1140,1086,1113]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F76FB91FC610458" box="[883,1000,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38FEBFB91FBFD0459" author="Berry, S. S." box="[1006,1140,1086,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="91 - 95" refId="ref54548" refString="Berry, S. S. (1958) Proposal of five new generic taxons. Leaflets in Malacology, 1 / 16, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="1958">Berry, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which was established for extant species from the Eastern Pacific (
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFFBFFD38E56FBCDFD0C047D" box="[595,645,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EEFFBCDFBEC047D" authority="C. B. Adams, 1852" authorityName="C. B. Adams" authorityYear="1852" box="[746,1125,1122,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EEFFBCDFC07047D" box="[746,910,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitra solitaria</emphasis>
C.B.
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38FC9FBCDFBEC047D" author="Adams, C. B." box="[972,1125,1122,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="229 - 548" refId="ref53623" refString="Adams, C. B. (1852) Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on synonymy, station, and habitat. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 5, 229 - 548. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 55134 # page / 255 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1852. tb 00129. x" type="journal article" year="1852">Adams, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Conchological differences between
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38CFFFB29FEE604A0" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[250,367,1159,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CFFFB29FEE604A0" box="[250,367,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38DA7FB29FE6A04A1" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[418,483,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DA7FB29FE6A04A1" box="[418,483,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are subtle and
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E83FB29FC5104A1" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[646,984,1159,1185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref61404" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2003) On Mitromica and Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) with descriptions of new species from the Western Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Notulae Naturae, 478, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury (2003)</bibRefCitation>
stressed the continuous growth of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38951FB29FF4404C4" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38951FB29FF4404C4" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus episodic growth of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38DFDFB05FDB004C5" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[504,569,1195,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DFDFB05FDB004C5" box="[504,569,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reflected by the development of denticles in juvenile stages and growth stops on the shell surface. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E1FFB61FCFB04E9" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[538,882,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref61404" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2003) On Mitromica and Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) with descriptions of new species from the Western Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Notulae Naturae, 478, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury (2003)</bibRefCitation>
assumed a geographic separation of both genera.
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38C92FB5DFF51050D" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,216,1267,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38C92FB5DFF51050D" box="[151,216,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Indo-Pacific species whereas western African, western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific species are placed in
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D06FAB9FE490531" authority="Berry" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[259,448,1303,1329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D06FAB9FEF10530" box="[259,376,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
Berry
</taxonomicName>
, with overlap in distribution of the two genera only around
<collectingCountry id="24F801C5FFFBFFD3885DFAB9FB600531" box="[1112,1257,1303,1329]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. Separation of a ‘western’
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D00FA95FEF30554" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[261,378,1339,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D00FA95FEF30554" box="[261,378,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-clade from an Indo-Pacific
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EB6FA95FD7D0555" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[691,756,1339,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EB6FA95FD7D0555" box="[691,756,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-clade is also supported by radular analyses by
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38905FA95FF550579" author="Fedosov, A. &amp; Puillandre, N. &amp; Herrmann, M. &amp; Dgebuadze, P. &amp; Bouchet, P." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="541 - 626" refId="ref56065" refString="Fedosov, A. E, Puillandre, N., Herrmann, M., Dgebuadze, P. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2017) Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 179, 541 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12431" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fedosov
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38960FA95FA1C0555" box="[1381,1429,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
. (2017
</bibRefCitation>
; pers. comm.
<date id="28516795FFFBFFD38D7DFAF1FE660579" box="[376,495,1375,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-05">May 2020</date>
). Molecular data to support these clades is, however, not yet available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD38CC2FA2DFAA40705" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38CC2FA2DFDA9059D" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[199,544,1411,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref61404" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2003) On Mitromica and Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) with descriptions of new species from the Western Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Notulae Naturae, 478, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury (2003)</bibRefCitation>
observed episodic growth and denticles in juveniles in the Paratethyan ‘
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38951FA2DFA1C059D" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[1364,1429,1411,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38951FA2DFA1C059D" box="[1364,1429,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38C92FA09FD9B05C1" authority="Boettger, 1906" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,530,1447,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="partschi" variety="kostejana">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38C92FA09FEEC05C1" box="[151,357,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">partschi kostejana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38D68FA09FD9B05C1" author="Boettger, O." box="[365,530,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref54689" refString="Boettger, O. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmiocanen Schichten von Kostej im Krasso-Szorenyer Komitat. Gasteropoden und Anneliden III. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 54, 1 - 99. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 108176 # page / 59 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1906">Boettger, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and therefore, treated it as
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F40FA09FC0705C1" box="[837,910,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F40FA09FC0305C1" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[837,906,1447,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Thala</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Herein, we document episodic growth also for
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38C92FA65FEF205E5" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,379,1483,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kovaci" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38C92FA65FEF205E5" box="[151,379,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bellardithala kovaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFBFFD38D87FA65FE5305E5" box="[386,474,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DE3FA65FDB405E4" box="[486,573,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. pupa</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E4EFA65FD3505E5" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[587,700,1483,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boehmi">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E4EFA65FD3505E5" box="[587,700,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. boehmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EFCFA65FC0A05E5" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[761,899,1483,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kostejana">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EFCFA65FC0A05E5" box="[761,899,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. kostejana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, despite some morphological similarities, the Paratethyan species cannot be placed in
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E89FA41FC880608" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[652,769,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E89FA41FC880608" box="[652,769,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Placement in
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38FAEFA41FC650609" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[939,1004,1519,1545]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38FAEFA41FC650609" box="[939,1004,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, is problematic as well. The middle Miocene Paratethyan species and all early Miocene to Pliocene species, originally placed in
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD388FCF9BDFAF0062C" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[1273,1401,1555,1580]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD388FCF9BDFAF0062C" box="[1273,1401,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92F999FECC0651" author="Bellardi, L." box="[151,325,1591,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi (1888)</bibRefCitation>
, are characterised by predominant axial sculpture during early stages of growth, whereas the spiral sculpture is subordinate. None of the species develops pointed nodes and prominent beads like Indo-Pacific
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38951F9F5FA1C0675" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[1364,1429,1627,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38951F9F5FA1C0675" box="[1364,1429,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In some species, such as
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38DAAF9D1FD260699" box="[431,687,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38DAAF9D1FDA90699" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[431,544,1663,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kovaci">M. kovaci</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E2EF9D1FD260699" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[555,687,1663,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obsoleta">M. obsoleta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EE0F9D1FCED0698" box="[741,868,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EE0F9D1FCE90698" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[741,864,1663,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taurina">M. taurina</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the sculpture is largely reduced on the last whorls, which would be an atypical feature for Indo-Pacific
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EE6F90DFCAD06BD" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[739,804,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EE6F90DFCAD06BD" box="[739,804,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F65F90DFC7306BD" box="[864,1018,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F65F90DFC2806BD" box="[864,929,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
described in
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38894F90DFF5B06E1" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref61404" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2003) On Mitromica and Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) with descriptions of new species from the Western Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Notulae Naturae, 478, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38CD8F969FE9306E1" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[221,282,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="179 - 223" refId="ref61447" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2014) Seven new species of Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 163, 179 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.163.0106" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, we consider the Old World species to represent a clade distinct from
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD388ACF969FB6306E1" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[1193,1258,1735,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD388ACF969FB6306E1" box="[1193,1258,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38925F969FA1C06E0" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[1312,1429,1735,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38925F969FA1C06E0" box="[1312,1429,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and erect the replacement name
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E04F945FD1C0705" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[513,661,1771,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E04F945FD1C0705" box="[513,661,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFBFFD38E99F945FC820705" box="[668,779,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
for
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F3FF945FBED0705" authority="Bellardi, 1888" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1888" box="[826,1124,1771,1797]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Micromitra" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F3FF945FC330704" box="[826,954,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromitra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38FC4F945FBED0705" author="Bellardi, L." box="[961,1124,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref54491" refString="Bellardi, L. (1888) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 5; Mitridae (fine). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 54 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 45379 # page / 195 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1888">Bellardi, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD388A5F945FAA00705" author="Meek, F. B." box="[1184,1321,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="479 - 518" refId="ref59374" refString="Meek, F. B. (1873) Descriptions of new species of fossils. Sixth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories embracing portions of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah; being a report of progress of the explorations for the year 1872, 1873, 479 - 518. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 123391 # page / 527 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1873">Meek, 1873</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFBFFD28CC2F8A1FED90141" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CC2F8A1FE0D0729" bold="true" box="[199,388,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Early ontogeny.</emphasis>
The protoconchs of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E68F8A1FD270729" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[621,686,1807,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E68F8A1FD270729" box="[621,686,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EE3F8A1FCD20728" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[742,859,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EE3F8A1FCD20728" box="[742,859,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem to have little taxonomic value above the species level. The extant species currently listed as
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38EB0F89DFCA3074C" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1958" box="[693,810,1843,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38EB0F89DFCA3074C" box="[693,810,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mitromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F67F89DFC2A074D" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[866,931,1843,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F67F89DFC2A074D" box="[866,931,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38FCBF89DFA96074D" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[974,1311,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref61404" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2003) On Mitromica and Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) with descriptions of new species from the Western Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Notulae Naturae, 478, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury (2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD3892EF89DFAEC074D" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[1323,1381,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="179 - 223" refId="ref61447" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2014) Seven new species of Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 163, 179 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.163.0106" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38C92F8F9FE030771" author="Fedosov, A. &amp; Puillandre, N. &amp; Herrmann, M. &amp; Dgebuadze, P. &amp; Bouchet, P." box="[151,394,1879,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="541 - 626" refId="ref56065" refString="Fedosov, A. E, Puillandre, N., Herrmann, M., Dgebuadze, P. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2017) Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 179, 541 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12431" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fedosov
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38CFBF8F9FEB90771" box="[254,304,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
suggest two different modes of development. Paucispiral bulbous protoconchs with inflated whorls are found in both genera [e.g.
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38E47F8D5FC3D0795" authority="(C. B. Adams, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[578,948,1914,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38E47F8D5FD4E0795" box="[578,711,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. solitaria</emphasis>
(C.B.
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38F17F8D5FC250795" author="Adams, C. B." box="[786,940,1914,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="229 - 548" refId="ref53623" refString="Adams, C. B. (1852) Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on synonymy, station, and habitat. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 5, 229 - 548. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 55134 # page / 255 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1852. tb 00129. x" type="journal article" year="1852">Adams, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38FC5F8D5FB750795" authority="(Sowerby, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[960,1276,1915,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="foveata">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38FC5F8D5FBB10795" box="[960,1080,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. foveata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD3884DF8D5FB7A0795" author="Sowerby, G. B." box="[1096,1267,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref62149" refString="Sowerby, G. B. (1874) A monograph of the genus Mitra. In: Thesaurus conchyliorum, or, Monographs of genera of shells, 4, 1 - 46, pls. 352 - 379. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 54103 # page / 117 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1874">Sowerby, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38931F8D5FE0207B9" authority="(Mighels, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Mighels" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="todilla">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38931F8D5FF4307B9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thala todilla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38CDEF831FE0A07B9" author="Mighels, J. W." box="[219,387,1950,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="18 - 25" refId="ref59691" refString="Mighels, J. W. (1845) Descriptions of Shells from the Sandwich Islands, and other localities. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 18 - 25. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 37031 # page / 26 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1845">Mighels, 1845</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D9CF831FCE107B9" authority="Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury, 2014" authorityName="Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury" authorityYear="2014" box="[409,872,1950,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="merrilli">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D9CF831FD8507B9" box="[409,524,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. merrilli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38E11F831FCE107B9" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[532,872,1950,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="179 - 223" refId="ref61447" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2014) Seven new species of Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 163, 179 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.163.0106" type="journal article" year="2014">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]. Likewise, multispiral protoconchs occur in both genera [e.g.
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38D1AF86DFD5E07DD" authority="(Rolan &amp; Fernandes, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Rolan &amp; Fernandes" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[287,727,1986,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Mitromica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38D1AF86DFE2B07DD" box="[287,418,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. africana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38DB5F86DFD4707DD" author="Rolan, E. &amp; Fernandes F." box="[432,718,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="19 - 22" refId="ref61365" refString="Rolan, E. &amp; Fernandes F. (1995) Thala africana, sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) new species from the West African coasts. Argonauta, 9, 19 - 22." type="journal article" year="1995">Rolán &amp; Fernandes, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD38F0EF86DFBAA07DD" authority="(Reeve, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[779,1059,1986,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mirifica">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD38F0EF86DFCF707DD" box="[779,894,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. mirifica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFBFFD38F8EF86DFB9307DD" author="Reeve, L." box="[907,1050,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="257 - 273" refId="ref61159" refString="Reeve, L. (1845) Descriptions of eighty-nine new species of Mitra, chiefly from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 16, 257 - 273. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 71834 # page / 271 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1845">Reeve, 1845</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFBFFD3882BF86DFAE807DD" authority="(Gould, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1070,1377,1986,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jaculanda">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFBFFD3882BF86DFB3107DD" box="[1070,1208,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. jaculanda</emphasis>
(Gould, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
]. The species of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28D14FF39FE2C00B1" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[273,421,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28D14FF39FE2C00B1" box="[273,421,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display high conical protoconchs. In
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28F51FF39FC1C00B1" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[852,917,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Thala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28F51FF39FC1C00B1" box="[852,917,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this
<typeStatus id="8354FFF7FFFAFFD28FD3FF39FB8F00B1" box="[982,1030,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
of protoconch correlates with wide geographic distributions (
<bibRefCitation id="387E3CA4FFFAFFD28DB0FF15FD7500D5" author="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R." box="[437,764,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="179 - 223" refId="ref61447" refString="Rosenberg, G. &amp; Salisbury, R. (2014) Seven new species of Thala (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 163, 179 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.163.0106" type="journal article" year="2014">Rosenberg &amp; Salisbury 2014</bibRefCitation>
) and the endemicity of Paratethyan species has to be treated with caution, because it may rather be a collecting artifact. We note that all protoconchs of
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD288ABFF71FA1500F9" box="[1198,1436,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD288ABFF71FACB00F9" box="[1198,1346,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bellardithala</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
preserved are tall, multispiral, and in most species mammilate. Species with paucispiral protoconchs have not been found until now.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14F512DEFFFAFFD28C92FE3DFA14034D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="key">
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFAFFD28C92FE3DFC9201AC" blockId="15.[151,795,402,429]" box="[151,795,402,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28C92FE3DFC9201AC" bold="true" box="[151,795,402,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Key to Paratethyan
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28D96FE3CFDBA01AD" ID-CoL="8KS24" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[403,563,402,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28D96FE3CFDBA01AD" bold="true" box="[403,563,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bellardithala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFAFFD28E3FFE3DFD3A01AD" box="[570,691,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nov. nom.</taxonomicNameLabel>
species:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C504155FFFAFFD28C92FE76FA14034D" blockId="15.[151,1437,472,846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
1. Shell very slender fusiform, convex spire whorls......................................................
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28943FE76FF16020B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28943FE76FA1501ED" ID-CoL="8KRR7" authorityName="Hoernes &amp; Auinger" authorityYear="1880" box="[1350,1436,472,493]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laubei">B. laubei</taxonomicName>
-
</emphasis>
Shell broader fusiform................................................................................. 2 2. Weakly oblique suture................................................................................. 3 - Strongly oblique suture........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28923FD9EFA150245" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[1318,1436,560,581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kostejana">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28923FD9EFA150245" box="[1318,1436,560,581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kostejana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3. Sculpture subobsolete on late adult whorls................................................................. 4 - Sculpture well developed, beaded or tuberculate............................................................. 5 - Sculpture cancellate........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28915FD26FA15029D" ID-CoL="8KS63" authorityName="Hoernes &amp; Auinger" authorityYear="1880" box="[1296,1436,648,669]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lapugyensis">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28915FD26FA15029D" box="[1296,1436,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. lapugyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Sculpture predominantly axial with broad flattened spirals.............................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD28936FD08FA1402BA" ID-CoL="8KS9J" authorityName="Hornes" authorityYear="1852" box="[1331,1437,677,699]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="partschi">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD28936FD08FA1402BA" box="[1331,1437,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. partschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4. Axial sculpture on early whorls strong, aperture low...................................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD2893EFD6DFA1402D7" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1906" box="[1339,1437,706,728]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boehmi">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD2893EFD6DFA1402D7" box="[1339,1437,706,728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. boehmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Axial sculpture on early whorls weak, aperture tall..............................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD288F6FD4EFAC402F5" ID-CoL="8KTGW" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1267,1357,736,757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kovaci" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD288F6FD4EFAC402F5" box="[1267,1357,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kovaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFAFFD28957FD4EFA1402F5" box="[1362,1437,736,757]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
5. Sculpture finely beaded...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD288F3FD50FAC50312" ID-CoL="8KRZ4" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1270,1356,765,787]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baluki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD288F3FD50FAC50312" box="[1270,1356,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. baluki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFAFFD28957FD53FA140312" box="[1362,1437,765,786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
- Sculpture coarsely tuberculate............................................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD288E7FCB5FAC5032F" ID-CoL="8KSNM" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1250,1356,794,816]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fedosovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD288E7FCB5FAC5032F" box="[1250,1356,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. fedosovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFAFFD28957FCB5FA140330" box="[1362,1437,795,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
- Sculpture coarsely tuberculate early whorls, cancellate later whorl.................................
<taxonomicName id="9BEF3AD6FFFAFFD288F7FC96FAC5034D" ID-CoL="8KSC9" authority="Harzhauser &amp; Landau, 2021" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau" authorityYear="2021" box="[1266,1356,824,845]" class="Gastropoda" family="Costellariidae" genus="Bellardithala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dacica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E9B9D47FFFAFFD288F7FC96FAC5034D" box="[1266,1356,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. dacica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75A8203CFFFAFFD28957FC96FA14034D" box="[1362,1437,824,845]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue Copy permalink