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<document id="9BCA56129975D3FC4ABD26B8EE6EB9DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531747" ID-ZooBank="5CC28D25-41ED-4DF9-BC2F-08F43699C7A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632750545423" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna &amp; Balakrishnan, Valappil" docDate="2021" docId="6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5040.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5040 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman &amp; Balaji &amp; Balakrishnan 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="78FF2A1D-8657-4ADA-B98B-4FCBC900166F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="567" masterDocId="927ACE08FFDAF85A7475F10DD773FFFD" masterDocTitle="A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India" masterLastPageNumber="574" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="567" updateTime="1699415721634" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="16E8C99BC6F3ED8083AD39D251FFFEE7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="60047099C4CE8021E2A36EDCE5915A62">
<mods:title id="9BE0C205F9972062059097BC3AB07708">A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FA8036EAB591CDE1F02C77AE039D6086" type="personal">
<mods:role id="443A5197154053E64645DC3E5BCCA59E">
<mods:roleTerm id="3BFFCBE03A88338673B8FEC72A8FF56E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7652A2C35CA1664897BFB086935D4B58">Yakovlev, Roman V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F2B76713277D7B735B5C5870A36EE46F">Altai State University, Lenina pr. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. &amp; Paleo Data Lab., Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. &amp; Tomsk State University, Lenina pr. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="8ED02D7B663E0FD9FEA6BBC2A9972705">
<mods:roleTerm id="D7A652291E8DA2682A506D64AC4CEBB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1079BCEBA3F0E7685A4F1AE09282AD0A">Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="79AAEC6794A7189893F484DE4A4B1186">Parasitoid taxonomy and biocontrol laboratory, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, India.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F0A7C75B33A637ECCCC3B43DBB11D61B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="18BD9E21A8FC850F18D887B22CD86500">
<mods:roleTerm id="F5795B0DFF3853E95497C9F8A3615133">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4C804C7638A49B89BDAFCF12231DDACD">Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="233DB47E9F5F581B91E32C55E2235776" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2006-0081</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="32D3F3FF03AFC5D2743D1C3FBBA0B975">Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India. rkbalaji 17 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2006 - 0081</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B1BB72FF4178DFB0B78843DD86F7738" type="email">rkbalaji17@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B3B303DB1B083A9806E35FFB63C4C451" type="personal">
<mods:role id="785F6A46D640A82F79018AD84F2A6432">
<mods:roleTerm id="B438E31BCC1EB8BC41957D8D9D405E3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D7215F8BB8C3DEC13069B3D66DF81E8">Balakrishnan, Valappil</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="49B9DD7A034AEC0B7927165AD2A9F8FE">Nest, Kizhuparamba P. O., Malappuram District, Kerala 673639, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0F44FBDCF5ACB4B8844CF8061A9F8A98">
<mods:title id="7623518165D228B9E7759F574418DFD3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="67C9E468FCD2A6EF47847474943C9C3B">
<mods:date id="0B36571FACFA1D73B3C7ED4C806EDA52">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="28DF8C86C607D9B8DB8D953ECB74FA2C">2021-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CE8639AE3F2AE5A4E833154393079059" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FFBCE2364EFF9A14BBBB1740434FBD27">5040</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5E780B9C89686302DC5C83366D66AF0A">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C1EBEB1C380F93D9A89FEC75600B3DF6">565</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="ED5D4D6DBB954B278D564DFED3128360">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B79F002B73EAAB933838AFB99AB57EC3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5531747</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1C1D185B4368FFED26DF81A47E483F5A" type="ZooBank">5CC28D25-41ED-4DF9-BC2F-08F43699C7A7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78FF2A1D-8657-4ADA-B98B-4FCBC900166F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874E2F19AD36DFF2B" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874E2F19AD41DFF4C" blockId="2.[151,1054,151,249]" box="[151,878,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<heading id="BD1DB00AFFD8F85874E2F19AD41DFF4C" bold="true" box="[151,878,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874E2F19AD41DFF4C" bold="true" box="[151,878,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="21EA7CE5FFD8F85874E2F19AD470FF4C" authority="Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman" authorityName="Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman &amp; Balaji &amp; Balakrishnan" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,771,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Xyleutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamurthyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874E2F19AD6D6FF4F" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Xyleutes ramamurthyi</emphasis>
Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFAD660FFFD8F8587765F19AD41DFF4C" box="[784,878,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874E2F1B6D36DFF2B" blockId="2.[151,1054,151,249]" box="[151,1054,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
LSID:
<uri id="927B0B64FFD8F8587491F1B6D36DFF2B" box="[228,1054,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="924C3DB3FFD8F8587581F1B6D36DFF2B" box="[500,1054,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">78FF2A1D-8657-4ADA-B98B-4FCBC900166F</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874E2F1D2D796FF04" box="[151,229,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="description">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874E2F1D2D796FF04" blockId="2.[151,1054,151,249]" box="[151,229,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
(
<figureCitation id="7ED11BE3FFD8F85874EAF1D2D7AFFF04" box="[159,220,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,201,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[157,1431,181,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman, sp. nov. male holotype: A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Male genitalia (frontal projection). C. Phallus (lateral projection). D–F. Males in the nature (photos by Balakrishnan Valappil). D. from Aralam wildlife sanctuary, Kerala. E. from Aralam wildlife sanctuary, Kerala. F. from T.K. Colony, Kerala. G–H. Habitat. G. T.K. Colony, Malappuram, Kerala (photo by Jishad). H. Aralam wildlife sanctuary, Kannur, Kerala (photo by Balakrishnan Valappil)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531751/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Fig 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874E2F02AD24DFE74" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874E2F02AD24DFE74" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874E2F02AD635FEBC" bold="true" box="[151,326,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="56820D3BFFD8F858753EF02AD4E7FE98" collectingDate="2019-02-10" collectionCode="UASB" collectorName="Valappil Balakrishnan &amp; Sankararaman. H." country="India" latitude="11.364445" location="Thottapally" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.10839" municipality="Malappuram" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3951B9C4FFD8F858753EF02AD6C0FEBC" box="[331,435,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="F0ECCCEFFFD8F85875CCF025D6A3FEBF" box="[441,464,296,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, [
<collectingCountry id="9EFD47F6FFD8F8587594F02BD545FEBC" box="[481,566,294,321]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">INDIA</collectingCountry>
]
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F8587636F02AD5E3FEBC" box="[579,656,295,321]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="06319D1CFFD8F85876EFF02AD45FFEBC" box="[666,812,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Malappuram</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E33551BDFFD8F8587740F02AD4C4FEBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0:E33551BDFFD8F8587740F02AD4C4FEBC" box="[821,951,295,321]" country="India" latitude="11.364445" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.10839" municipality="Malappuram" name="Thottapally" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" stateProvince="Kerala">Thottapally</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F85877B4F024D311FEBF" box="[961,1122,296,324]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="52.0" value="11.364445">11°21′52.0″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587019F024D26AFEBF" box="[1132,1305,296,324]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="30.20" value="76.10839">76°06′30.20″ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="925421A6FFD8F8587151F02AD2E4FEBC" box="[1316,1431,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2019-02-10">
<collectingDate id="8210D84EFFD8F8587151F02AD2E4FEBC" box="[1316,1431,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2019-02-10">10.ii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="4B1F62B0FFD8F85874E2F046D6E2FE98" box="[151,401,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Valappil Balakrishnan</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="4B1F62B0FFD8F85875C2F046D5F1FE9B" box="[439,642,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sankararaman. H.</collectorName>
leg.,
<collectingMethod id="3FAB7F71FFD8F85876B6F046D458FE9B" box="[707,811,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">light trap</collectingMethod>
(
<collectionCode id="80FB9FA3FFD8F858774EF046D4FFFE98" box="[827,908,331,357]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yr7i-jnjm" name="University of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">UASB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="56820D3BFFD8F85877D5F041D248FE74" collectingDate="2020-12-25" collectionCode="EDAU" collectorName="Malappuram, T. K. &amp; Valappil Balakrishnan." country="India" latitude="11.2346115" location="Kerala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.3888" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3951B9C4FFD8F85877D5F041D362FE9B" box="[928,1041,332,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: [India]
<specimenCount id="F0ECCCEFFFD8F8587004F046D3ECFE9B" box="[1137,1183,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85870D9F046D38AFE98" box="[1196,1273,331,357]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="4B1F62B0FFD8F8587173F046D7BAFE77" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Malappuram, T.K.</collectorName>
colony,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F858755DF07CD6AAFE77" box="[296,473,368,396]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="04.60" value="11.2346115">11°14′04.60′′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587590F07CD5E0FE77" box="[485,659,368,396]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="19.70" value="76.3888">76°23′19.70′′ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="925421A6FFD8F85876EAF062D452FE77" box="[671,801,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2020-12-25">
<collectingDate id="8210D84EFFD8F85876EAF062D452FE77" box="[671,801,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2020-12-25">25.xii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="4B1F62B0FFD8F8587759F062D35FFE74" box="[812,1068,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Valappil Balakrishnan.</collectorName>
leg.,
<collectingMethod id="3FAB7F71FFD8F858701FF062D3A3FE77" box="[1130,1232,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">light trap</collectingMethod>
(
<collectionCode id="80FB9FA3FFD8F85870ABF062D241FE74" box="[1246,1330,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">EDAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874B2F09ED3FBFE08" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F09ED3FBFE08" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F09ED649FE50" bold="true" box="[199,314,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This new species is the smallest representative of the genus (males of the previously known species are always bigger than
<quantity id="2112AA83FFD8F85875E2F0BAD687FE2F" box="[407,500,439,466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
in the wingspan); there is a white spot on the fore wing between CuA
<subScript id="7A6E0523FFD8F8587082F0C7D38CFE25" attach="left" box="[1271,1279,458,472]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">2</subScript>
and CuP (discally); the angle between the upper and lower margins of the valva is distinctly expressed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874B2F0F2D6C8FC7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="description">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F0F2D4F9FD30" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F0F2D6C8FDE4" bold="true" box="[199,443,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Description. MALE.</emphasis>
Fore wing length
<quantity id="2112AA83FFD8F85876F2F0F2D470FDE7" box="[647,771,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 mm</quantity>
; wingspan
<quantity id="2112AA83FFD8F85877F5F0F2D48FFDE7" box="[896,1020,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="63.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="62.0">62–64 mm</quantity>
. (
<typeStatus id="3951B9C4FFD8F858707BF0F2D30BFDE4" box="[1038,1144,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
fore wing length:
<quantity id="2112AA83FFD8F8587133F0F2D2EBFDE7" box="[1350,1432,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
; wingspan
<quantity id="2112AA83FFD8F858757CF32ED628FDC3" box="[265,347,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
). Antenna bipectinate in proximal half (seta 3.5–4 times exceeding antenna rod diameter), filiform in distal half. Tegulae and patagia floury-white, thorax brown from above, abdomen brown. Fore wing elongated, apically acute, light-brown, with wide bright black stroke cubitally and black strokes in radial portion (postdiscally), white spot between CuA
<subScript id="7A6E0523FFD8F85875DDF3AFD6C3FD4D" attach="left" box="[424,432,674,688]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">2</subScript>
and CuP (discally); reticulated pattern of thin black strokes throughout all wing area. Hind wing light-brown with thin reticulated pattern of fine black strokes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F3DAD430FCA0" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Male genitalia. Uncus long, acute apically, beak-like; gnathos arms long, thin, ribbon-like, not fused; valve simple, basally narrow, distally more extended, costal and lower edges of valve relatively smooth; anal angle sharp; juxta robust with long leaf-like lateral processes; saccus oval, of medium size; phallus very big, strongly curved in medium third, with long lobe-like cornutus in lateral surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F26AD6C8FC7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" box="[199,443,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">FEMALE. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874B2F286D6F0FC58" box="[199,387,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F286D6F0FC58" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" box="[199,387,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F286D675FC58" bold="true" box="[199,262,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Host.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874B2F2A2D6B8FBEF" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F2A2D6B8FBEF" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F2A2D63DFC34" bold="true" box="[199,334,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Etymology.</emphasis>
The second and third author dedicate this species to Dr. Vilayanoor V. Ramamurthy (Retired Professor, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85876A8F2DED46CFC13" box="[733,799,979,1006]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Delhi</collectingRegion>
), a well-known weevil taxonomist, who motivated them to take up insect taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF054EDFFD8F85874B2F516D53AF9D0" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F516D575FA3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F516D612FBC8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Distribution.</emphasis>
The sightings in the present study were made from
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85877DAF516D356FBC8" box="[943,1061,1051,1077]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F8587044F516D30FFBC8" box="[1073,1148,1051,1077]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85870C6F516D24AFBC8" box="[1203,1337,1051,1077]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="7ED11BE3FFD8F858713CF516D2FEFBC8" box="[1353,1421,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,994,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[155,1432,993,1736]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional map of Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman, sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), hence it is likely that
<taxonomicName id="21EA7CE5FFD8F85875FBF54DD532FBA4" authority="Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman &amp; Balaji &amp; Balakrishnan, 2021" authorityName="Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman &amp; Balaji &amp; Balakrishnan" authorityYear="2021" box="[398,577,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Xyleutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamurthyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85875FBF54DD532FBA4" box="[398,577,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">X. ramamurthyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F858763CF532D5D7FBA4" bold="true" box="[585,676,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFAD660FFFD8F858763CF532D5D7FBA4" box="[585,676,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distributed throughout the Western Ghats region, where it is endemic and co-occurring with other two species of
<taxonomicName id="21EA7CE5FFD8F85876B9F56ED458FB80" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[716,811,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Xyleutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85876B9F56ED458FB80" box="[716,811,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Xyleutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="21EA7CE5FFD8F858774CF569D4CDFB80" baseAuthorityName="Le Guillou" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[825,958,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Xyleutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personus">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F858774CF569D4CDFB80" box="[825,958,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">X. personus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="21EA7CE5FFD8F8587780F569D334FB80" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1013,1095,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F8587780F569D334FB80" box="[1013,1095,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">X. strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Apart from the
<typeStatus id="3951B9C4FFD8F8587177F569D241FB83" box="[1282,1330,1124,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">type</typeStatus>
material, several individuals were observed from the states of
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85876AAF58AD426FB5C" box="[735,853,1159,1185]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F858772AF58AD4D9FB5C" box="[863,938,1159,1185]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85877BEF58AD321FB5C" box="[971,1106,1159,1185]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
. The first sighting of this new species was in
<date id="925421A6FFD8F8587548F5A1D6A6FB38" box="[317,469,1195,1222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2012-01">January 2012</date>
, from Devala, Nilgiris,
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85876A9F5A6D413FB38" box="[732,864,1195,1221]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F858771BF5A0D352FB3B" box="[878,1057,1196,1224]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="37.30" value="11.7936945">11°47′37.30′′ N</geoCoordinate>
, 76°37′87.10′′ E) made by Geetha Iyer (personal communication) during the expedition for documenting moths from
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F858703CF5C2D3A0FB14" box="[1097,1235,1231,1257]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
. Several observations were also made during butterfly and moth surveys conducted in
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F85877D2F5FED481FAF0" box="[935,1010,1267,1293]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="242EC984FFD8F858705CF5FED3EFFAF0" box="[1065,1180,1267,1293]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
from 2019–2021 from the Western Ghats, South
<collectingCountry id="9EFD47F6FFD8F85875B5F41AD68EFACC" box="[448,509,1303,1329]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">India</collectingCountry>
. Six individuals were attracted to light trap during December, 2020 survey, at the Aralam wildlife sanctuary,
<collectingCountry id="9EFD47F6FFD8F85875BAF431D550FAAB" box="[463,547,1340,1366]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kannur</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587641F430D59AFAAB" box="[564,745,1340,1368]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="41.74" value="11.928262">11°55′41.74′′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587682F430D4D9FAAB" box="[759,938,1340,1368]" degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="33.21" value="75.909225">75°54′33.21′′ E</geoCoordinate>
). Twelve individuals were attracted to light trap during January, 2021, at Karuvarakundu, Malappuram (
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F858774DF46CD499FA87" box="[824,1002,1376,1404]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="17.37" value="11.121491">11°07′17.37′′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587783F46CD3D5FA87" box="[1014,1190,1376,1404]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="26.07" value="76.340576">76°20′26.07′′ E</geoCoordinate>
). And two individuals were also observed during January, 2020 from Kodagu, Karnataka (
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F85877F1F488D344FA63" box="[900,1079,1412,1440]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="49.69" value="12.4304695">12°25′49.69′′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="83DE61A1FFD8F8587034F488D39AFA63" box="[1089,1257,1412,1440]" degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="1" seconds="9.98" value="75.7361">75°44′ 9.98′′ E</geoCoordinate>
). No collections were made during these surveys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6550766FFD8F85874B2F4C6D53AF9D0" blockId="2.[151,1437,294,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="D49EDB74FFD8F85874B2F4C6D610FA18" bold="true" box="[199,355,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Flight period</emphasis>
. The flight period of this new species is very specific, since we started recording them from 2019. They emerge from late November to end of February. The population observed on light traps, during January was higher compared to rest of the months.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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