176 lines
17 KiB
XML
176 lines
17 KiB
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<document id="ABDEF0606753A687CC8FC8D288B908F5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221915" ID-ZooBank="FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460622491356" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Durán-Barrón, César G., Rosas, María V. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano" docDate="2013" docId="038E87E71E53FF98B3C3F9C8FCCDFD24" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p193.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Episinus Walckenaer" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FFB7FF9F1E5CFF88B354FFDCFF95FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="186" updateTime="1698334039497" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="036B17CB4669DF1A2A040B600936E3F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F91E1C632701A6CD85560B7D9C50018E">
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<mods:title id="55CB380D1B3229C8B137474D4477329D">Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="800ACE66C026EEBD30562F652BCE26A4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CB8A67EC246173F9A39345212C9A94A1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F60D62FDAC3221B7C62CEA1886299DFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="32090664C8B33ED73B6637AA2F3188D2">Durán-Barrón, César G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7FE48995B8F15766A66561DF8DEB94EF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="604856E618474E8B22349CFE5D85DD8C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B0E4458AFEF27C4352E399C2F9EEF7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EFA5BFBFDD596D92C84EAF0247F3FA49">Rosas, María V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8513F35DE1D3FDFC801298318767489F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D8E3B8469B7BEF7911FB3BEBBB0AFADC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD9BC4167AAA333CD6D3146AEADBD4B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B295DFD2023493F3E73EEFCF33534D50">Contreras-Ramos, Atilano</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="805A1E06C42DB25E8551AE664C04F719">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="8DCEF66E9824AB63732158341CD3C36A" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="53D4E5BCBAF1257F1B8B3F90AA9C9BBD">
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<mods:title id="AE33B055A38D9DB91FA72AA2334148CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="09EEAF0A9B93EE73F0AE0A0F887CA61F">
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<mods:date id="9A519D2E955B34C19B3E973997ECAEC4">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CF5A37894CD66B23CE3D50C3963B0636" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="41579C117B974ACC74D7B05272573EB6">3666</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="26D2C25FCBB146CBF04A20BD0D0A4494" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="331C954F4056BEC41B843018308B0430">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="6D292E44FE5AD91BC7C2B54A6AB896AE" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="277572F8BA15CEA04EB22530BC1BFFA2">171</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C330DED19338D4412BD11F6E84F4CC3D">193</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="51EA912CD290393C4BF74F6138DCB2B1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7A71D20FD0D8C2D4E75819F528C0A6D3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3EB21F2F4906C897476C353B2250B73F" type="GBIF-Dataset">9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61B67B4D7BC616A1CF7632FFBB156C83" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36122A3ED4F62575FBA93BCCDCCB5205" type="Zenodo-Dep">221915</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E713C38376BC95DD026B40F8FBEC6B9" type="ZooBank">FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038E87E71E53FF98B3C3F9C8FCCDFD24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119569266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87E71E53FF98B3C3F9C8FCCDFD24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E71E53FF98B3C3F9C8FCCDFD24" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E53FF87B3C3F9C8FE02F913" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E53FF87B3C3F9C8FDEBF98D" blockId="15.[151,638,1555,1614]" box="[151,638,1555,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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<heading id="D0D0819D1E53FF87B3C3F9C8FDEBF98D" bold="true" box="[151,638,1555,1582]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3F9C8FDEBF98D" bold="true" box="[151,638,1555,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B3C3F9C8FE08F98D" ID-CoL="62RXL" ID-ENA="233467" authority="Walckenaer" authorityName="Walckenaer" box="[151,413,1555,1582]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3F9C8FE94F98E" bold="true" box="[151,257,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Episinus</emphasis>
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Walckenaer
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</taxonomicName>
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, in Latreille, 1809
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E53FF87B3C3F9EAFE88F9EE" blockId="15.[151,638,1555,1614]" box="[151,285,1590,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131C2A741E53FF87B3CBF9EAFF75F9EE" box="[159,224,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[274,1299,214,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[230,1355,194,1928]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D–F)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E53FF87B3C3F9A2FE02F913" blockId="15.[151,1436,1662,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 4, p. 371.
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<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B0AFF9A3FBB8F934" box="[1019,1069,1663,1684]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B64BF95CFECBF913" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncates">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B64BF95CFABBF935" box="[1311,1326,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">E</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B66AF95CFA09F935" box="[1342,1436,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">truncates</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1809
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</taxonomicName>
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, ibid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E53FF87B3C3F903FE12F80C" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E53FF87B3C3F903FE12F80C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1759,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3F903FE84F958" bold="true" box="[151,273,1759,1784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The opisthosoma is straight in relation to the location of the pedicel while in all other spintharine genera it is inclined. Also, the posterior portion of the opisthosoma is widest in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A741E53FF87B72BF8D8FB56F8BC" box="[1151,1219,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[274,1299,214,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[230,1355,194,1928]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D–E), while in the remaining genera the widest portion is anterior or in the middle. An “H”-like architecture of the web is shared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B3C3F890FE87F8C4" box="[151,274,1868,1892]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3F890FE87F8C4" box="[151,274,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Thwaitesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B213F890FE55F8C4" box="[327,448,1868,1892]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B213F890FE55F8C4" box="[327,448,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Spintharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Levi (1954a, 1964a) included the characters horns between the anterior eyes, eyes often on tubercles, and eyes with reddish pigment, as diagnostic characters, all of which we could not observe in the specimens examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4CFF98B393FF4BFCABFF74" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4CFF98B393FF4BFCABFF74" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B393FF4BFEF5FF10" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Worldwide, mainly in warmer areas; relatively species rich in North, Central, and South
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B3C3FF60FF6FFF74" box="[151,250,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">America</collectingCountry>
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, poorly known from the Caribbean (Platnick 2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4CFF98B393FF03FCCDFD24" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4CFF98B393FF03FCCDFD24" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B393FF03FD13FF57" bold="true" box="[199,646,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">
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Material examined.
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B2EAFF03FD13FF57" bold="true" box="[446,646,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">
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Episius
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4CFF98B14AFF3CFD13FF57" box="[542,646,224,247]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenus">amoenus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B1CDFF03FC9FFF57" box="[665,778,223,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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, Hidalgo,
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<quantity id="4CDF9B141E4CFF98B0D0FF03FB87FF57" box="[900,1042,223,247]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" metricValueMax="3.218688" metricValueMin="1.609344" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" unit="mi" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 miles</quantity>
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south of Jacala,
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B78FFF03FAE0FF57" box="[1243,1397,223,247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1956-07-20">20 July 1956</date>
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, V. Roth & W. Gertsch, 1 3 (AMNH).
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B178FED9FD19FEBC" box="[556,652,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
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, North Carolina, Buncombe County, Valley 2 1/
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<quantity id="4CDF9B141E4CFF98B7FBFED8FB71FEBC" box="[1199,1252,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
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S of Black Mt.,
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<quantity id="4CDF9B141E4CFF98B3C3FEFBFF65FE9F" box="[151,240,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B3A9FEFBFE0DFE9F" box="[253,408,295,319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1951-06-23">23 June 1951</date>
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, A. F. Archer, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4CFF98B1A5FEF4FC3BFEE0" box="[753,942,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneoviridis">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B1A5FEF4FC3BFEE0" bold="true" box="[753,942,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">E. bruneoviridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B0EAFEF4FBADFEE0" box="[958,1080,296,320]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, C[anal] Zone, Barro Colorado Island,
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B3BAFE90FE26FEC4" box="[238,435,332,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1953-04-03" valueMax="1953-04-20" valueMin="1953-04-03">3–20 April 1953</date>
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, A. M. Nadler, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4CFF98B07CFE90FC23FEC3" box="[808,950,332,355]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B07CFE90FC23FEC3" bold="true" box="[808,950,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">E. cognatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B09DFE90FBAFFEC4" box="[969,1082,332,356]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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, Jalisco, Estación de Biología Chamela,
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B25FFEACFE2DFE27" box="[267,440,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1989-08-07">7 August 1989</date>
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, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B0F1FEB3FBF5FE27" box="[933,1120,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1989-08-16">16 August 1989</date>
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, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
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<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B26BFE48FD96FE0C" box="[319,515,404,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1989-10-29">29 October 1989</date>
|
|||
|
|
, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B0A7FE48FB46FE0C" box="[1011,1235,404,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1990-11-15">15 November 1990</date>
|
|||
|
|
, S. Guzmán, 2 3 (CNAN); same data but
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B2FFFE6BFD12FE6F" box="[427,647,439,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1990-11-15">15 November 1990</date>
|
|||
|
|
, S. Guzmán, 2 3 (CNAN); same data but 0
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B725FE6BFB6EFE6F" box="[1137,1275,439,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1998-06-02">2 June 1998</date>
|
|||
|
|
, J. L. Castelo, 2 Ƥ, 3 3 (CNAN); same data but 0
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B14EFE00FD72FE54" box="[538,743,476,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1998-09-02">2 September 1998</date>
|
|||
|
|
, S. Guzmán, 1 Ƥ (CNAN); Jalisco, Mpio. La Huerta, Estación de Biología Chamela, Sendero del Tejón,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E4CFF98B123FE23FC99FDB7" box="[631,780,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="19.50501">19.50501° N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E4CFF98B04DFE23FC2AFDB7" box="[793,959,511,535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="-105.08326">105.08326° W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B098FE23FB17FDB7" box="[972,1154,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="2010-10-03">3 October 2010</date>
|
|||
|
|
, R. Paredes, G. Montiel- Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 Ƥ (CNAN); same data but
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B030FDF8FB8FFD9C" box="[868,1050,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="2010-10-04">4 October 2010</date>
|
|||
|
|
, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 Ƥ [diurnal collecting] (CNAN).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4CFF98B060FD94FBB3FDC0" box="[820,1062,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrophthalmus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4CFF98B060FD94FBB3FDC0" bold="true" box="[820,1062,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">E. erythrophthalmus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4CFF98B76CFD94FB27FDC0" box="[1080,1202,584,608]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="187">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Canal Zone, Forest Reserve,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9910311E4CFF98B3ABFDB0FE35FD24" box="[255,416,620,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="187" value="1939-07-04" valueMax="1939-07-06" valueMin="1939-07-04">4–6 July 1939</date>
|
|||
|
|
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ, 1 3 (AMNH).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|