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186 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e8bdcff-be66-428e-99ef-467e15e2cc7d" ID-PMC="PMC5523182" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-684-19" ID-PubMed="28769732" ID-ZBK="4010C77456434A6E84396942A971EE51" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-684-19" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 684" ModsDocTitle="Morphological and molecular diversity of Lake Baikal candonid ostracods, with description of a new genus" checkinTime="1502744525797" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Karanovic, Ivana & Sitnikova, Tatiana Ya." docDate="2017" docId="7B22E36258B2DE5A8772639F9F6F10ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 684: 19-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 684" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13249" docTitle="Mazepovacandona Karanovic & Sitnikova, 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3CEDBD01-E93F-499C-991A-984D6B089700" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFC3EC517B386F0E701CFFA4FFF7FFF5" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular diversity of Lake Baikal candonid ostracods, with description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668164598702" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphological and molecular diversity of Lake Baikal candonid ostracods, with description of a new genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Karanovic, Ivana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sitnikova, Tatiana Ya.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>684</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13249</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13249</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-684-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4010C77456434A6E84396942A971EE51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4010C77456434A6E84396942A971EE51</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649021" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CEDBD01-E93F-499C-991A-984D6B089700" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B22E36258B2DE5A8772639F9F6F10ED" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3CEDBD01-E93F-499C-991A-984D6B089700" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="20">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona directa" order="Podocopida" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">Mazepovacandona directa</taxonomicName>
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(Bronstein, 1947), comb. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="other species">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. godlewski" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="godlewski">M. godlewski</taxonomicName>
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(Mazepova, 1984), comb.n.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. navitarum" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="navitarum">M. navitarum</taxonomicName>
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(Mazepova, 1976), comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orbiculata" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="orbiculata">M. orbiculata</taxonomicName>
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(Mazepova, 1990), comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. spicata" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="spicata">M. spicata</taxonomicName>
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(Mazepova, 1982), comb. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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Shell shape variable, but surface generally smooth or poorly ornamented. A1 7- or 6-segmented. Male A2 with t-setae transformed into sensory setae, z-setae transformed into claws. Female A2 G2-claw considerably shorter than G1 or G3. Exopod of A2 consisting of small plate and three setae of which one is long. Male prehensile palps asymmetrical and both with hook-like fingers. L6 with basal seta and with one seta on each endopodal segment, except on last segment, which carries two setae and one claw. L7 with only d1- and dp-setae on basal segment, e- and f-setae
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="21" start="start">missing</pageBreakToken>
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, g-seta long; terminal segment with short h1-seta and h2- and h3-setae equally long; penultimate segment divided or incompletely divided. UR with both claws and setae present. Zenker organ with variable number of spine whorls, varying from 3+2 to 5+2; anterior part (cap) hemispherical, lattice-like structure well-developed. Hemipenis with small a-lobe not projecting laterally; M-peace terminally rounded (ball-like); ejaculatory process (bursa copulatrix) terminally pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">The genus is named after late Dr. Galina Mazepova as an acknowledgment of her outstanding contribution to the study of Lake Baikal ostracod fauna.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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currently contains five morphologically diverse species. The carapace shape (from triangular to banana shaped) is only one example of this diversity. The number of segments on the antennule and the way male z-setae on the second antenna are developed is also variable, however all females have G2-claw on the second antenna shorter than the rest of the claws. The number of setae on the second segment of the Md-palp is also variable and it can be either three or four. Prehensile palps are dissimilar among species, although all have clearly pronounced hooked-like fingers on both left and right palp. The basal seta (d1) on the walking leg is shorter in all five species than in two
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Baicalocandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baicalocandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baicalocandona</taxonomicName>
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species redescribed here. The length of this seta relative to the d2-seta (always absent in
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<taxonomicName family="Candonidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Candonidae</taxonomicName>
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) is an important taxonomic character in some
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<taxonomicName family="Cyprididae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Cyprididae</taxonomicName>
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, such as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyprinotinae">Cyprinotinae</taxonomicName>
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(see the key in
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<bibRefCitation author="Karanovic, I" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" title="Recent freshwater ostracods of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21810-1" year="2012">Karanovic 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eucypridinae">Eucypridinae</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Martens, K" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="227 - 251" title="On the systematic position of the Eucypris clavata-group, with a description of Trajancypris gen. n. (Crustacea, Ostracoda)" volume="2" year="1989">Martens 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). The d1-seta is often absent in
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<taxonomicName family="Candonidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Candonidae</taxonomicName>
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, and the importance of its length for the taxonomy of the family has never been studied. In all
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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the penultimate segment of the cleaning leg is at least partially subdivided, but this tends to be a variable character, for example in
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Candona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Candona</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Fabaeformiscandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fabaeformiscandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fabaeformiscandona</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Meisch, C" journalOrPublisher="Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Berlin" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" title="Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe" year="2000">Meisch 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), and a few genera from Australia (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Karanovic, I" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana, Monographs 7" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" title="Candoninae (Ostracoda) from the Pilbara Region in Western Australia." year="2007">Karanovic 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). The hemipenis morphology in
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by a rounded distal end of the M-peace. The morphology of this part is an important taxonomic character in
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Candona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Candona</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Petkovski, TK" journalOrPublisher="Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" pagination="117 - 131" title="Zur Kenntnis der Crustaceen des Prespasees." volume="15" year="1960">Petkovski 1960</bibRefCitation>
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). Also, the ejaculatory process (bursa copulatrix) is pointed in all species of the new genus, but the morphology of this part has not been studied for its taxonomic importance. The hemipenis of the two examined species (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. directa" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="directa">M. directa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orbiculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="orbiculata">M. orbiculata</taxonomicName>
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) was in an erected state and because of that the position of the a-lobe and its shape were not easy to observe. It is interesting to note that all examined males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. directa" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="directa">M. directa</taxonomicName>
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had their hemipenis erected. The hemipenis illustrations of these two species in
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<bibRefCitation author="Mazepova, GF" journalOrPublisher="Akademija Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Limnologicheskii Institut" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 471" title="Rakushkovye Rachki (Ostracoda) Baykala" year="1990">Mazepova (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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also show an erected copulatory organ. The Zenker organ has a balloon-like anterior end, a characteristic which has been noted in
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Pseudocandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocandona inaequivalvis" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inaequivalvis" subSpecies="baikalensis">Pseudocandona inaequivalvis baikalensis</taxonomicName>
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Bronstein, 1947, some
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Undulacandona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Undulacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Undulacandona</taxonomicName>
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species (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" pagination="15 - 37" title="Groundwater, spring and interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Shiga Prefecture, Japan, including descriptions of three new species and one new genus." volume="3140" year="2011">Smith 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Karanovic, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" title="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw020" year="2017">Karanovicand Cho 2017</bibRefCitation>
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), and in the families
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<taxonomicName family="Cyclocyprididae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Cyclocyprididae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Paracyprididae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Paracyprididae</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Danielopol, DL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris," pageId="17" pageNumber="36" pagination="369 - 396" title="Novelles donnees sur les Candoninae (Ostracoda) hypoges de Roumanie et Yougoslavie." volume="4" year="1982">Danielopol 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). The morphology and development of the Zenker organ has been studied recently (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Yamada, S" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" pagination="523 - 35" title="How is a giant sperm ejaculated? Anatomy and function of the sperm pump, or " Zenker organ, " in Pseudocandona marchica (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Candonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0927-z" volume="99" year="2012">Yamada and Matzke-Karasz 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Yamada, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" pagination="449 - 460" title="How is a giant sperm ejaculator formed? Development of the Zenker organ after the last moult in Pseudocandona marchica (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Candonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2014.05.002" volume="253" year="2014">Yamada et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). The phylogenetic importance of its morphology is recognized on the higher taxonomic levels (
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<bibRefCitation author="Danielopol, DL" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I," pageId="17" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 162" title="Ober Herkunft und Morphologie der SuBwasser hypogaischen Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda)." volume="187" year="1978">Danielopol 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Matzke-Karasz, R" journalOrPublisher="Sonderveroeffentlichungen, Geologisches Institut der Universitaet zu Koeln" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="295 - 315" title="Descriptive nomenclature and external morphology of the Zenker's organs of Cypridoidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda)." volume="114" year="1997">Matzke-Karasz 1997</bibRefCitation>
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), but not well understood at the generic or even family level. Many of the
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<taxonomicName family="Candonidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Candonidae</taxonomicName>
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genera have the number of whorls of spines as a part of their diagnosis. In the new genus, the number ranges from five to seven, and they all have well-developed spines, which is a sign of the sexual ma
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="start">turity</pageBreakToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Yamada, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" pagination="449 - 460" title="How is a giant sperm ejaculator formed? Development of the Zenker organ after the last moult in Pseudocandona marchica (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Candonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2014.05.002" volume="253" year="2014">Yamada et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Interestingly,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kesling, RV" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2422529" year="1957">Kesling (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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reported a variability of the whorl numbers in one
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Candona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Candona</taxonomicName>
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species, where some individuals have seven and others eight whorls. The latter number is very unusual in the family
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<taxonomicName family="Candonidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Candonidae</taxonomicName>
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, where the number of whorls never exceeds seven.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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Despite the morphological diversity of
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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, this genus seems to be most closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Candona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Candona</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Fabaeformiscandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fabaeformiscandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fabaeformiscandona</taxonomicName>
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. For example, prehensile palps of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. directa" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="directa">M. directa</taxonomicName>
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(elongated) are very similar to
|
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<taxonomicName genus="Cypridoidea" lsidName="Cypridoidea candida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="candida">candida</taxonomicName>
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-group of
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Candona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Candona</taxonomicName>
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, while female genital lobe bears similarity to the
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<taxonomicName genus="Cypridoidea" lsidName="Cypridoidea neglecta" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="neglecta">neglecta</taxonomicName>
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-group. There is also similarity with
|
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Fabaeformiscandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fabaeformiscandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fabaeformiscandona</taxonomicName>
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, especially because several of its species have rounded distal part of the M-peace. The breuli-group of the latter genus is particularly similar to
|
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<taxonomicName class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Mazepovacandona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazepovacandona" order="Podocopida" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mazepovacandona</taxonomicName>
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in sense that the M-peace is not so strongly sclerified and that most species have an UR with a long posterior seta. However, most of the species currently belonging to this group have a completely fused penultimate segment of the cleaning leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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