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<document id="38C8CB5A5307117F74A55936FF073882" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181621" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac4be4df-efb4-47be-872d-239e8b6b73d5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459836237387" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mothes, Beatriz, Campos, Maurício, Eckert, Rafael &amp; Lerner, Cléa" docDate="2008" docId="03DD5A024F00FF96FF6EFBEEFE9FFE63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01744p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1744" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes, Campos, Eckert &amp; Lerner, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFE4227A4F02FF93FFF9FFC3FFC4FFC1" masterDocTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Porifera, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from the bathyal region off the coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698223716863" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="58E38E21A3EA0C4A7AAF1DDE3C64D151" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1E2789C87291E67C519E513F2A49102D">
<mods:title id="C74C65AD480280C61271AB172945FB72">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Porifera, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from the bathyal region off the coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1CD244FAA7481F3541841369BDE05260" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A2E025EB7B9F13B788C7DCFB93253546">
<mods:roleTerm id="EB48D09454AFE710A96675AC888593F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="458C86E95342A36EA654C9992A2AD59A">Mothes, Beatriz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2C025023CC2265EF1E83823509FA93C8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D67729D4F202E6C62AA97EDD2ED73015">
<mods:roleTerm id="4BD2A1364AA939E1D7EB607B36E7829D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="25B457904EB8A42585CCC64AD8EADD85">Campos, Maurício</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FA14BCBA56C303BA0330E5D327EB2806" type="personal">
<mods:role id="083CDB18E3A2F3E943587CA95BDDE1C6">
<mods:roleTerm id="57BE689C63208790E92AB688E8DA7584">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F14170A0CD7C2F32B42686CE5E28604D">Eckert, Rafael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3A37D2ACDB5822160FD4207EDD3658CB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C5D982791F0D6C14A399AC4DF82ED061">
<mods:roleTerm id="1F0AEDC6FF8A93E3C638184E6ED8DE25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="27F12CC26E22A82C256EE1498FE2E1EC">Lerner, Cléa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AD6AAA3F33FA6397C76F01ECFBCFF3F6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B5A4C0D0DF04029CC92DC832261F83F4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E28D6295A99E57E5E1BB2DD43872606C">
<mods:title id="F9DA4162335FA663C0287496EAB5BDBE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="45D61566849ACA84CEAD33B77AA6BA4E">
<mods:date id="0B3F909CA19D4620C30BB7EE2C2B4B8D">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C1D845A3E5BDD503A96693A7A35B75EF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="168B48BB79B64A3AC40A8172F82F3007">1744</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="FF299A117BE6987EAFE546D59B35574A" unit="page">
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<mods:classification id="1120BCEB0A21EB9215B744B5A2104871">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EBEBFD825136A71F240F62099C0361CF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181621</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07616F4D0DC89B3CA1E18E4A0908F333" type="GBIF-Dataset">ac4be4df-efb4-47be-872d-239e8b6b73d5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F1B0D248E4792C29E7143D8DEFCE3FF6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D95EE407C9BDA122EF79527DF29A458F" type="Zenodo-Dep">181621</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DD5A024F00FF96FF6EFBEEFE9FFE63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119359013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694750" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7969D2C-0922-4194-92F1-E2791B7B6F4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD5A024F00FF96FF6EFBEEFE9FFE63" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C36EB89F4F00FF91FF6EFBEEFEBCFBAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF6EFBEEFD33FB86" blockId="2.[151,759,1069,1130]" box="[151,759,1069,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0835C784F00FF91FF6EFBEEFD33FB86" bold="true" box="[151,759,1069,1095]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF6EFBEEFD33FB86" bold="true" box="[151,759,1069,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F00FF91FF6EFBEEFD56FB86" ID-CoL="3SLYR" box="[151,658,1069,1095]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetraverticillata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF6EFBEEFD56FB86" bold="true" box="[151,658,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2338A7D4F00FF91FD63FBEEFD33FB86" box="[666,759,1069,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF6EFB93FEBCFBAB" blockId="2.[151,759,1069,1130]" box="[151,376,1104,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
(
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F00FF91FF66FB93FF20FBAB" box="[159,228,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,434,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–E; Tab. I)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB89F4F00FF91FF6EFB5CFB94FA13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF6EFB5CFACAFACB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF6EFB5CFE52FB78" bold="true" box="[151,406,1183,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F00FF91FE51FB63FDDEFB7B" box="[424,538,1184,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MCNPOR 3695,
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F00FF91FCEBFB63FC98FB7B" box="[786,860,1184,1210]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, off Santa Catarina State coast (
<geoCoordinate id="EE408DD34F00FF91FAEAFB63FA53FB7B" box="[1299,1431,1184,1210]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-29.187777">29º11'16&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE408DD34F00FF91FF6EFB0BFEECFB23" box="[151,296,1224,1250]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-47.904446">47º54'16&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C8C46F14F00FF91FEB9FB0BFE4AFB23" box="[320,398,1224,1250]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</quantity>
depth, substrate of pebbles, bottom temperature 9°C, salinity 34 ‰,
<date id="FFCACDD44F00FF91FB2EFB0BFA98FB23" box="[1239,1372,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1997-04-24">24.IV.1997</date>
, R/V &quot;Antares” coll.
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F00FF91FEB4FB33FE7CFACB" box="[333,440,1264,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: MCNPOR 3641 (microscope-slide); data similar to that of the
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F00FF91FB59FB33FACEFACB" box="[1184,1290,1264,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF3FFAD4FB94FA13" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF3FFAD4FE26FAF0" bold="true" box="[198,482,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Comparative material</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F00FF91FE0FFADBFB6DFAF3" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[502,1193,1304,1330]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis" subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FE0FFADBFCBBFAF0" box="[502,895,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis</emphasis>
Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886
</taxonomicName>
, collected by
<collectionCode id="ED6573D14F00FF91FAA5FADBFA58FAF3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15108" box="[1372,1436,1304,1330]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15108" name="Embrapa Gado de Corte" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">HMS</collectionCode>
“Challenger” Expedition, off Rio de la Plata,
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F00FF91FD42FA83FCF7FA9B" box="[699,819,1344,1370]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, slide
<collectionCode id="ED6573D14F00FF91FC78FA83FC1DFA9B" box="[897,985,1344,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
1887.5.2.269 (
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F00FF91FB76FA83FB39FA9B" box="[1167,1277,1344,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F00FF91FAEBFA83FD4BFA43" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1908" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1908" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis" subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FAEBFA83FE5BFA40" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis</emphasis>
(Kirkpatrick, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
, collected by
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F00FF91FCCDFAABFC65FA43" box="[820,929,1384,1410]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Terra Nova Expedition, locality unknown, slide
<collectionCode id="ED6573D14F00FF91FF20FA53FEF5FA6B" box="[217,305,1424,1450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.26.154a.
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F00FF91FE16FA53FB6AFA6B" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[495,1198,1424,1450]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei" subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FE16FA53FC4FFA68" box="[495,907,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) bocagei</emphasis>
Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886
</taxonomicName>
, collected by
<collectionCode id="ED6573D14F00FF91FAA5FA53FA58FA6B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15108" box="[1372,1436,1424,1450]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15108" name="Embrapa Gado de Corte" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">HMS</collectionCode>
“Discovery” Expedition,
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F00FF91FE46FA7BFD47FA13" box="[447,643,1464,1490]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
, slide
<collectionCode id="ED6573D14F00FF91FD37FA7BFCE2FA13" box="[718,806,1464,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
1887.5.2.237 (
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F00FF91FC2EFA7BFB80FA13" box="[983,1092,1464,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB89F4F00FF90FF3FFA1CFA81FEEB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF3FFA1CFB06F98B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF3FFA1CFE93FA38" bold="true" box="[198,343,1503,1529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Description</emphasis>
. Small encrusting sponge, 0.7 x 0.6 x
<quantity id="4C8C46F14F00FF91FCE0FA23FCADFA3B" box="[793,873,1504,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F00FF91FC80FA23FC04FA3B" box="[889,960,1504,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,434,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Surface slightly velvety to the touch, with a single conical, volcano-shaped oscule,
<quantity id="4C8C46F14F00FF91FD47F9CBFCD4F9E3" box="[702,784,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Preserved material friable in consistency. External colour in life unknown; in preservative external and internal colour creamy white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF3FF994FEB4F8D3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF3FF994FEFDF9B0" bold="true" box="[198,313,1623,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosome with a palisade of anisodiscorhabds perpendicularly arranged (
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F00FF91FB5CF99BFB2AF9B3" box="[1189,1262,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,434,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Subectosomal region 90–210 μm thick, with a confused halichondroid arrangement of single strongyloxeas tangentially oriented and common anisodiscorhabds scattered through. The choanosomal skeleton is formed by a very irregular, polygonal reticulation (85–160 μm) formed by tracts of strongyloxeas (30–70 μm) with scarce spongin reinforcement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F00FF91FF3FF8DCFA58F81B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90037064F00FF91FF3FF8DCFEF0F8F8" bold="true" box="[198,308,1823,1849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Spicules.</emphasis>
Magascleres (
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F00FF91FE0BF8E3FD86F8FB" box="[498,578,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,434,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–D): Strongyloxeas smooth, straight, anisodiametric strongyloxeas, slightly fusiform, occasionally may bear a tyle, apical extremity hastate. Microscleres (
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F00FF91FB4AF88BFB39F8A3" box="[1203,1277,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,434,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. (Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E): Anisodiscorhabds consisting of a straight, stout shaft, with a reduced base ornamented with smooth spines, bent downwards. There are only a few isolated spines above the manubrium, and these can vary on abundance and disposition. Two central whorls are of similar diameter (median and subsidiary 2) and bear denticulated edges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F01FF90FF6EFF5BFA81FEEB" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Both are located on half length of the shaft, and oriented perpendicularly to its main axis. The third and fourth whorls (subsidiary 1 and apical) are cup-shaped, placed closer to the apex and also bear denticulated edges. They are generally smaller in diameter than the first ones. The crown is rose-like in its contour. All the whorls are not divided in groups of spines. Immature stages are common. Measurements are given in
<tableCitation id="C6F6DEAF4F01FF90FB1EFED3FAFBFEEB" box="[1255,1343,272,298]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1308,208,652]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata sp. nov. Measurements are given in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0BBB9C4F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF0BBB9C4F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB89F4F01FF90FF3FFEF4FCCEFE93" box="[198,778,311,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F01FF90FF3FFEF4FCCEFE93" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[198,778,311,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90037064F01FF90FF3FFEF4FEA3FE90" bold="true" box="[198,359,311,337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F01FF90FD8BFEFBFD61FE93" box="[626,677,312,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB89F4F01FF96FF3FFE9CFE9FFE63" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F01FF90FF3FFE9CFBA9FEBB" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[198,1133,351,378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90037064F01FF90FF3FFE9CFE97FEB8" bold="true" box="[198,339,351,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the presence of four whorls along the discorhabd axis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0BBB9C4F01FF90FF6EF851FAF8F810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181623/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[160,1426,443,1908]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F01FF90FF6EF851FAF8F810" blockId="3.[151,1436,1938,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90037064F01FF90FF6EF851FED7F86B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1938,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F01FF90FED8F850FD20F86B" box="[289,740,1939,1962]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetraverticillata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F01FF90FED8F850FD20F86B" box="[289,740,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2338A7D4F01FF90FD15F851FC86F86B" box="[748,834,1938,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90037064F01FF90FD15F851FC86F86B" bold="true" box="[748,834,1938,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, MCNPOR 3695). A, Specimen preserved in alcohol; B, Skeletal arrangement; C, Strongyloxea; D, Detail of strongyloxea extremities; E, Anisodiscorhabds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0BBB9C4F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E" ID-Table-UUID="DF0BBB9C4F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E" box="[151,1433,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0BBB9C4F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[159,1308,208,652]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF97FF6EFF54FA5DFF6E" blockId="4.[151,1433,151,175]" box="[151,1433,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FF6EFF54FECCFF6E" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FDDAFF5BFC21FF6E" box="[547,997,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetraverticillata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FDDAFF5BFD65FF6E" box="[547,673,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FD48FF5BFCEBFF6E" box="[689,815,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FCC7FF5BFC21FF6E" box="[830,997,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">tetraverticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2338A7D4F06FF97FC15FF54FB86FF6E" box="[1004,1090,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC15FF54FB86FF6E" bold="true" box="[1004,1090,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Measurements are given in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF97FF66FF13FB2AFD48" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<table id="F97419B44F06006CFF66FF13FAD8FD4D" box="[159,1308,208,652]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FF13FAD8FEC8" box="[159,1308,208,265]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FF13FDDEFEC8" box="[159,538,208,265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Morphometric variables</th>
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFF13FC36FEC8" box="[662,1010,208,265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">MCNPOR 3695 Holotype</th>
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FF13FAD8FEC8" box="[1135,1308,208,265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">MCNPOR 3641 Paratype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FEDEFAD8FEF5" box="[159,1308,285,308]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FEDEFDDEFEF5" box="[159,538,285,308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Strongyloxea Length</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFEDEFC36FEF5" box="[662,1010,285,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
332.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC78FEDEFC0EFEF5" box="[897,970,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">387.2–</emphasis>
442
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FEDEFAD8FEF5" box="[1135,1308,285,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
190–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB5CFEDEFB1EFEF5" box="[1189,1242,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">349–</emphasis>
450
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FE8BFAD8FE48" box="[159,1308,328,393]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FE8BFDDEFE48" box="[159,538,328,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Width Anisodiscorhabd Length</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFE8BFC36FE48" box="[662,1010,328,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
8.1–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FFE8BFC66FE9E" box="[870,930,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">10.3–</emphasis>
11.5 82.8–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFEB1FC74FE48" box="[883,944,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">93.6–</emphasis>
99
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FE8BFAD8FE48" box="[1135,1308,328,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
7.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB67FE8BFB1EFE9E" box="[1182,1242,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">10.1–</emphasis>
12.5 71.3–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FEB1FB2CFE48" box="[1196,1256,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">90.0–</emphasis>
101
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FE5EFAD8FE75" box="[159,1308,413,436]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FE5EFDDEFE75" box="[159,538,413,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Width</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFE5EFC36FE75" box="[662,1010,413,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
6.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FFE5EFC51FE75" box="[870,917,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">8.8–</emphasis>
10.4
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FE5EFAD8FE75" box="[1135,1308,413,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
6.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB67FE5EFB09FE75" box="[1182,1229,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">8.9–</emphasis>
10.4
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FE0BFAD8FDC8" box="[159,1308,456,521]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FE0BFDDEFDC8" box="[159,538,456,521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Manubrium Length Width</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFE0BFC36FDC8" box="[662,1010,456,521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
11.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8BFE0BFC6AFE1E" box="[882,942,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">15.5–</emphasis>
21 4.6–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FFE31FC50FDC8" box="[870,916,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7.5–</emphasis>
9.2
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FE0BFAD8FDC8" box="[1135,1308,456,521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
12.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FE0BFB23FE1E" box="[1196,1255,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">15.1–</emphasis>
17.5 4.6–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB67FE31FB09FDC8" box="[1182,1229,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7.7–</emphasis>
9.2
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FDDEFAD8FDF5" box="[159,1308,541,564]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FDDEFDDEFDF5" box="[159,538,541,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Shaft Length</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFDDEFC36FDF5" box="[662,1010,541,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
15–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FCA6FDDEFC5FFDF5" box="[863,923,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">19.2–</emphasis>
23
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FDDEFAD8FDF5" box="[1135,1308,541,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
13.8–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FDDEFB23FDF5" box="[1196,1255,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">20.6–</emphasis>
23
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF66FD8BFAD8FD4D" box="[159,1308,584,652]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF66FD8BFDDEFD4D" box="[159,538,584,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Width Whorls1 Medium</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD6FFD8BFC36FD4D" box="[662,1010,584,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
6.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FFD8BFC50FD9E" box="[870,916,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7.3–</emphasis>
9.2 Distance 48.3–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFDB1FC74FD48" box="[883,944,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">59.6–</emphasis>
67
</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFB96FD8BFAD8FD4D" box="[1135,1308,584,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
5.8–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB67FD8BFB09FD9E" box="[1182,1229,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7.1–</emphasis>
9.2 46–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB6EFDB1FB10FD48" box="[1175,1236,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">56.5–</emphasis>
64
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF97FD6FFD63FBD5F906" blockId="4.[447,1282,672,737]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1269,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Diameter 29.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFD63FC74FD76" box="[883,944,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">40.0–</emphasis>
43.7 39.1–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FD63FB1EFD76" box="[1196,1242,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">41.6</emphasis>
–44 Subsidiary 2 Distance 39.1–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFD09FC74FD20" box="[883,944,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">43.0–</emphasis>
48.5 32.2–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FD09FB1EFD20" box="[1196,1242,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">40.6</emphasis>
–46 In comparison with other
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FE2DFB36FD9AFACF" box="[468,606,1269,1294]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FE2DFB36FD9AFACF" box="[468,606,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FB14FB36FAB1FACF" box="[1261,1397,1269,1295]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB14FB36FB39FACF" box="[1261,1277,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FAE9FB36FAB1FACF" box="[1296,1397,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FA7DFB36FF1AFAF7" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
L.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FF6EFADEFF1AFAF7" box="[151,222,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FEE7FADEFE5AFAF7" box="[286,414,1309,1335]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FEE7FADEFEEAFAF7" box="[286,302,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FEB8FADEFE5AFAF7" box="[321,414,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">bocagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the new species clearly differs from them in possessing strongyloxeas rather than styles as megascleres, and in the size of these megascleres, which are smaller than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FB09FA86FAB2FA9F" box="[1264,1398,1349,1375]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB09FA86FAC4FA9F" box="[1264,1280,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FAE8FA86FAB2FA9F" box="[1297,1398,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FA7DFA86FF1AFA47" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
L.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FF6EFAAEFF1AFA47" box="[151,222,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FEE1FAAEFE50FA47" box="[280,404,1389,1415]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FEE1FAAEFEECFA47" box="[280,296,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FEC1FAAEFE50FA47" box="[312,404,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">bocagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fusiform strongyloxeas (and styles, or styles to strongyloxeas) were recorded in other species within subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FE44FA56FD8CFA6F" box="[445,584,1429,1454]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FE44FA56FD8CFA6F" box="[445,584,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FD6DFA56FCC7FA6F" box="[660,771,1429,1455]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FD6DFA56FD60FA6F" box="[660,676,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FD4DFA56FCC7FA6F" box="[692,771,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">basilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FCE8FA56FC55FA6F" box="[785,913,1429,1455]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
L.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FCC8FA56FC55FA6F" box="[817,913,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FC35FA56FB71FA6F" box="[972,1205,1429,1455]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaecaledoniae">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC35FA56FC18FA6F" box="[972,988,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC14FA56FB71FA6F" box="[1005,1205,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">novaecaledoniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); however the geographic distribution of these species (
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F06FF97FDAAFA7EFD01FA16" box="[595,709,1469,1495]" name="Antarctica" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F06FF97FD2BFA7EFC92FA16" box="[722,854,1469,1495]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F06FF97FC6BFA7EFB89FA16" box="[914,1101,1469,1495]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, respectively
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB1EFA7EFB35FA17" box="[1255,1265,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">)</emphasis>
is remarkably distant from the
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F06FF97FEA4FA26FE54FA3E" box="[349,400,1509,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species. The anisodiscorhab of the new species is morphologically different (see
<figureCitation id="134FF7914F06FF97FEC0F9CEFEBFF9E6" box="[313,379,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,953,977]" captionTargetBox="[200,1368,467,927]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,442,930]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anisodiscorhabds of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) spp. from the South western Atlantic. A, L. brevis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886; B, L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 1908; C, L. bocagei Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886; D, L. tetraverticillata sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–D) from those present in the other three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FC0BF9CEFBB8F9E7" box="[1010,1148,1549,1574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC0BF9CEFBB8F9E7" box="[1010,1148,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in the Southwestern Atlantic. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FE4BF9F6FDD2F98F" box="[434,534,1589,1615]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FE4BF9F6FE06F98F" box="[434,450,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FE29F9F6FDD2F98F" box="[464,534,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has anisodiscorhabds with a short shaft,
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FC0EF9F6FBBCF98F" box="[1015,1144,1589,1615]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC0EF9F6FBC3F98F" box="[1015,1031,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FBEFF9F6FBBCF98F" box="[1046,1144,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two distinct
<typeStatus id="54CF55B64F06FF97FAC7F9F6FAB8F98E" box="[1342,1404,1589,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
of anisodiscorhabds (additional aciculoanisodiscorhabds), and
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FC9FF99EFC21F9B7" box="[870,997,1629,1655]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FF99EFCB2F9B7" box="[870,886,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC71F99EFC21F9B7" box="[904,997,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">bocagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having the standard three whorls along the anisodiscorhabd axis, but spines of the apical whorl which are slightly curved upwards in a crown-like tuft of blunt, terminally spined projections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE596E54F06FF97FCE4F96EFBC0F906" author="Samaai" box="[797,1028,1709,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M. (2006) Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 1127, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2006">
Samaai
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC85F96EFC73F907" box="[892,951,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF97FD6FFD36FEDFFB05" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<table id="F97419B44F06006CFF6EFD36FAD8FB05" box="[151,1308,757,1220]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFD36FAD8FCCD" box="[151,1308,757,780]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFD9DFD36FCC1FCCD" box="[612,773,757,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diameter</th>
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FD36FAD8FCCD" box="[780,1308,757,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
27.6–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFD36FC6BFCCD" box="[883,943,757,780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">36.7–</emphasis>
41.4 34.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FD36FB10FCCD" box="[1196,1236,757,780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">38–</emphasis>
41.4
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFCE3FAD8FCA0" box="[151,1308,800,865]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFCE3FD99FCA0" box="[151,605,800,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Subsidiary 1</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD9DFCE3FCC1FCA0" box="[612,773,800,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distance Diameter</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FCE3FAD8FCA0" box="[780,1308,800,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
25.3–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFCE3FC6BFCF6" box="[883,943,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">31.1–</emphasis>
37 23–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB6EFCE3FB10FCF6" box="[1175,1236,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">29.3–</emphasis>
37 19.6–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFC89FC6BFCA0" box="[883,943,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">30.1–</emphasis>
34.5 25.3–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FC89FB23FCA0" box="[1196,1255,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">29.7–</emphasis>
34.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFCB6FAD8FC4D" box="[151,1308,885,908]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFCB6FD99FC4D" box="[151,605,885,908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Apical</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD9DFCB6FCC1FC4D" box="[612,773,885,908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distance</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FCB6FAD8FC4D" box="[780,1308,885,908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
16.1–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFCB6FC6BFC4D" box="[883,943,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">20.2–</emphasis>
25.3 13.8–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FCB6FB2CFC4D" box="[1196,1256,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">19.9–</emphasis>
25.3
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFC63FAD8FC20" box="[151,1308,928,993]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFC63FD99FC20" box="[151,605,928,993]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Apex (crown) Length</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD9DFC63FCC1FC20" box="[612,773,928,993]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diameter</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FC63FAD8FC20" box="[780,1308,928,993]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
16.1–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8AFC63FC6BFC76" box="[883,943,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">24.2–</emphasis>
27.6 18.4–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB55FC63FB2CFC76" box="[1196,1256,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">24.3–</emphasis>
28 6.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC9FFC09FC5AFC20" box="[870,926,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">11.7 –</emphasis>
15 6.9–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB67FC09FB13FC20" box="[1182,1239,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">11.8–</emphasis>
16
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFC36FAD8FBCD" box="[151,1308,1013,1036]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFC36FD99FBCD" box="[151,605,1013,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diameter</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FC36FAD8FBCD" box="[780,1308,1013,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
11.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC8BFC36FC6AFBCD" box="[882,942,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">18.5–</emphasis>
23 11.5–
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FB52FC36FB22FBCD" box="[1195,1254,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">18.4–</emphasis>
23
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFBF6FAD8FB8D" box="[151,1308,1077,1100]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFBF6FD99FB8D" box="[151,605,1077,1100]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">1. Whorl's “Distance” refers to its distance</th>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFD9DFBF6FCC1FB8D" box="[612,773,1077,1100]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">from the apical</td>
<td id="7695802A4F06006CFCF5FBF6FAD8FB8D" box="[780,1308,1077,1100]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">extremity of the anisodiscorhabd.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3544E9564F06006CFF6EFB69FAD8FB05" box="[151,1308,1194,1220]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="7695802A4F06006CFF6EFB69FD99FB05" box="[151,605,1194,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Discussion</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF97FF3CF916FB91F84E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1269,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FF3CF916FD55F92E" authority="Topsent, 1905" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[197,657,1749,1775]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FF3CF916FE24F92F" box="[197,480,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia multirotalis</emphasis>
Topsent, 1905
</taxonomicName>
, recorded from the Azores, is morphologically the closest species to the new one, because both species have several whorls of spines along the shaft. However, apart from having disjunctive distributions, the new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FCB3F8E6FC30F8FF" box="[842,1012,1829,1855]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FCB3F8E6FC9EF8FF" box="[842,858,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FC93F8E6FC30F8FF" box="[874,1012,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">multirotalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FBFDF8E6FB18F8FF" box="[1028,1244,1829,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetraverticillata">L. tetraverticillata</taxonomicName>
has strongyloxeas as megascleres, the microscleres are smaller, bear only four whorls not divided in clusters of spines, or denticulated margins, and the shaft thickness is uniform towards the apical whorl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBEB144F06FF96FF3CF85EFE9FFE63" blockId="4.[151,1437,1269,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,418]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE596E54F06FF97FF3CF85EFE3EF876" author="Hinde" box="[197,506,1949,1975]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Hinde, G. J. &amp; Holmes, W. M. (1892) On the sponge-remains in the lower Tertiary Strata near Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 24, 177 - 262." type="journal article" year="1892">Hinde and Holmes (1892)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F06FF97FD8BF85EFD38F877" box="[626,764,1949,1974]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90037064F06FF97FD8BF85EFD38F877" box="[626,764,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (p. 218, Pl. XI, Fig. 37) from fossil material coming from lower Tertiary strata of
<collectingCountry id="F363AB844F06FF97FE05F806FD64F81E" box="[508,672,1989,2015]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. This fossil species had an anisodiscorhabd that was similar in structure (having four whorls along the shaft) and dimension (length), to that found in
<taxonomicName id="4C7490974F07FF96FB38FF5BFA58FF70" box="[1217,1436,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetraverticillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90037064F07FF96FB38FF5BFB15FF70" box="[1217,1233,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90037064F07FF96FB1DFF5BFA58FF70" box="[1252,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">tetraverticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2338A7D4F07FF96FF6EFF03FF2EFF1B" box="[151,234,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
However the discorhabds of the new species differ from the fossil microscleres in the absence of secondary spines among the whorls, and also in the structure of the apex, which is formed by a single prominent spine in the fossil material, whereas it is rose-like in the extant species. It is difficult to evaluate the degree of homology between fossil and extant acanthodiscorabds; but the similarity in the acanthodiscorhabd could indicate that similar &quot;latrunculiid&quot; species coexisted in a primary community (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE596E54F07FF96FBABFEA3FA87FEBB" author="Samaai" box="[1106,1347,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="65" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M. (2006) Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 1127, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2006">
Samaai
<emphasis id="B90037064F07FF96FB4CFEA3FB29FEB8" box="[1205,1261,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
) in the Southern Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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