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<document id="D7EFA69D1D3E0362AA79E211AB272A78" ID-CLB-Dataset="282875" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.906.2329" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c2f9b726-1083-40ff-ada7-97e6df2733ae" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424508" ID-ZooBank="01194EAD-7129-4876-82F9-2173E49C1B0A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1699963422416" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Delgado, Juan A. &amp; Palma, Ricardo L." docDate="2023" docId="6703879E4D31046FF74EB2386453FC17" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2023.906.1-71.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 906" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2329/10133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cholovocera maderae Wollaston 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="9B3AFFE64D050456F57CB11E677FFFA5" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Cholovocera Victor, 1838 (Coleoptera: Endomychidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1703259287614" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="CD44D683A0A118EC7D8A7F7FBE583530">A revision of the genus Cholovocera Victor, 1838 (Coleoptera: Endomychidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="268FA6A7591F4E5B9D883CF90A61BCBB">Delgado, Juan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6835245DB580DED62BEFA32E6E72EF44">Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="11C8FC4BF24D47A67337AC0CFA5A08F5">Palma, Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02B26B9CBB557EEE2DD3712E528FBCE1">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P. O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="20F265A3C15809340AB9EF8733CF4CF3" type="email">RicardoP@tepapa.govt.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="66A55467438CCFC586123772ACD48D31">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="08611907BBCC2476674DC9057F8E440A">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6703879E4D31046FF74EB2386453FC17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6703879E4D31046FF74EB2386453FC17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6703879E4D31046FF74EB2386453FC17" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="A7B065034D310462F74EB238637DFCE4" box="[562,1026,806,833]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D310462F74EB238637DFCE4" blockId="52.[562,1026,806,833]" box="[562,1026,806,833]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="B45D81E44D310462F74EB238637DFCE4" box="[562,1026,806,833]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F74EB238637DFCE4" authority="Wollaston, 1854" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[562,1026,806,833]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F74EB2386444FCE4" bold="true" box="[562,827,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera maderae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F63EB238637DFCE4" author="Wollaston T. V." box="[834,1026,806,833]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref43283" refString="Wollaston T. V. 1854. Insecta Maderensia; Being an Account of the Insects of the Islands of the Madeiran Group. John van Voorst, London." type="book" year="1854">Wollaston, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A7B065034D31046FF5C1B27666F0FC8C" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D310462F5C1B2766209FBDD" blockId="52.[188,1400,872,1145]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
This taxon has a convoluted history regarding both its generic placement and its original geographic distribution. It was described from a single specimen, collected in the island of
<collectingRegion id="2D6EF86A4D310462F108B29563A6FC00" box="[1140,1241,907,933]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Madeira</collectingRegion>
, in the North Atlantic Ocean. In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F7BDB2B064B5FC6D" author="Wollaston T. V." box="[705,970,942,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref43283" refString="Wollaston T. V. 1854. Insecta Maderensia; Being an Account of the Insects of the Islands of the Madeiran Group. John van Voorst, London." type="book" year="1854">Wollaston (1854: 180)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that it differed from the other two members of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F4FDB2CF6566FC4E" authorityName=", Rucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[385,537,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F4FDB2CF6566FC4E" box="[385,537,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size (“Long. corp. lin. 7/8”), no punctuation, a more rounded outline, and described the eyes as “prominent”, “being composed of merely few large facets, set widely apart upon a convex surface”. Firstly, the given body length would be equivalent to
<quantity id="28529B6D4D310462F1DAB506626CFB96" box="[1190,1299,1048,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.86">1.86 mm</quantity>
, a much longer measurement that the longest species of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F79FB5256404FBF0" authorityName=", Rucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[739,891,1083,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F79FB5256404FBF0" box="[739,891,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above); secondly, the multifaceted eye is not a generic feature of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F493B54065F8FBDD" authorityName=", Rucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[495,647,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F493B54065F8FBDD" box="[495,647,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has only one facet, protected by a lateral rim (
<figureCitation id="77912A0D4D310462F183B5406215FBDD" box="[1279,1386,1118,1144]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,228,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-1@60.[257,1331,225,1744]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 24. A. A syntype of Cholovocera formicaria Victor, 1838, dorsal view (courtesy of K.V. Makarov). B. Same specimen, ventral view (courtesy of K.V. Makarov). C. Holotype of Ch. brevicornis Johnson, 1977 (= Displotera beloni (Wasmann, 1899)), dorsal view. D. Same specimen, ocular area, lateral view. E. Ocular area of Ch. formiceticola (Rosenhauer, 1856) (Lisbon), lateral view. F. Aedeagus of Ch. formicaria major, lectotype, ventral view. G. Same specimen, lateral view. H. Aedeagus of Co punctata sardoa, lectotype, ventral view. I. Same specimen, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424576/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF1536884D310462F5C1B5BE66EAFA86" blockId="52.[189,1399,1184,1315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
“
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F5B6B5BE66A2FB1F" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[202,477,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F5B6B5BE661DFB1F" box="[202,354,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F40AB5BE66A2FB1F" box="[374,477,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from several localities around the world, always associated with the longhorn crazy ant,
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F76DB5DD637BFB78" authority="(Latreille, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[529,1028,1219,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F76DB5DD6445FB78" box="[529,826,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paratrechina longicornis</emphasis>
(Latreille, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
, a pantropical invasive species, which appears to be responsible for the wide distribution of the beetle, but both have an unknown geographic origin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF1536884D310462F5C1B45566C8F9FE" blockId="52.[187,1399,1355,1628]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F5C1B45566EAFAC0" author="Dajoz R." box="[189,405,1355,1382]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref38712" refString="Dajoz R. 1975. Coleoptera: Lathridiidae de Ceylan. Entomologica Scandinavia Supplement 4: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">Dajoz (1975: 200)</bibRefCitation>
transferred
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F759B4556453FAC0" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[549,812,1355,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F759B4556453FAC0" box="[549,812,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cholovocera maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F6B7B4556395FAC0" authority="Reitter, 1887" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[971,1258,1355,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F6B7B4556337FAC0" box="[971,1096,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Displotera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F133B4556395FAC0" author="Reitter E." box="[1103,1258,1355,1381]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref41271" refString="Reitter E. 1887. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. III Helft. II Auflage. Enthaltend die Familien: Scaphidiidae, Lathridiidae und Dermestidae. E. Reitter, M ˆ dling." type="book" year="1887">Reitter, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, erected for the species
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F436B47065BEFA2D" authority="Reitter, 1887" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[330,705,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F436B4706560FA2D" box="[330,543,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Displotera simoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F75BB47065BEFA2D" author="Reitter E." box="[551,705,1390,1416]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref41271" refString="Reitter E. 1887. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. III Helft. II Auflage. Enthaltend die Familien: Scaphidiidae, Lathridiidae und Dermestidae. E. Reitter, M ˆ dling." type="book" year="1887">Reitter, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Addah, in the old British
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F143B47063B9FA2D" box="[1087,1222,1390,1416]" name="Ghana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gold Coast</collectingCountry>
(present
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F04BB471667BFA0E" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
) in western Africa. Also,
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F757B48F65B9FA09" author="Dajoz R." box="[555,710,1425,1452]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref38712" refString="Dajoz R. 1975. Coleoptera: Lathridiidae de Ceylan. Entomologica Scandinavia Supplement 4: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">Dajoz (1975)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F649B48C64D9FA0E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[821,934,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F649B48C64D9FA0E" box="[821,934,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F1C7B48C623AFA0E" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[1211,1349,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F1C7B48C623AFA0E" box="[1211,1349,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and included two other species in
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F762B4AA65E4FA6B" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[542,667,1460,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F762B4AA65E4FA6B" box="[542,667,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Displotera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F7D7B4AB648FFA6A" authority="(Wasmann, 1899)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Wasmann" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[683,1008,1460,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beloni">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F7D7B4AB65BFFA6B" box="[683,704,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F7B3B4AA6467FA6B" box="[719,792,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">beloni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F654B4AB6497FA6A" author="Wasmann E." box="[808,1000,1461,1487]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="145 - 180" refId="ref43087" refString="Wasmann E. 1899. Neue Termitophilen und Myrmecophilen aus Indien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1: 145 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">Wasmann, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F1A0B4AA6264FA6B" box="[1244,1307,1460,1486]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F026B4AB66D5FA57" authority="Dajoz, 1975" authorityName="Dajoz" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F026B4AB6668FA57" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. grandis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F460B4C666D5FA57" author="Dajoz R." box="[284,426,1495,1522]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref38712" refString="Dajoz R. 1975. Coleoptera: Lathridiidae de Ceylan. Entomologica Scandinavia Supplement 4: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">Dajoz, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F491B4C6651EFA57" box="[493,609,1496,1522]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, because these three species had six facets on each ocular area. Thus,
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F5C7B4E56627F9B3" author="Dajoz R." box="[187,344,1531,1558]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref38712" refString="Dajoz R. 1975. Coleoptera: Lathridiidae de Ceylan. Entomologica Scandinavia Supplement 4: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">Dajoz (1975)</bibRefCitation>
implied that this genus had an Asiatic origin, but with a cosmopolitan member. Although
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F5C1B700661AF99D" author="Reitter E." box="[189,357,1566,1592]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref41271" refString="Reitter E. 1887. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. III Helft. II Auflage. Enthaltend die Familien: Scaphidiidae, Lathridiidae und Dermestidae. E. Reitter, M ˆ dling." type="book" year="1887">Reitter (1887)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention any association of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F66AB70164F6F99D" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[790,905,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F66AB70164F6F99D" box="[790,905,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with ants,
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F173B7006245F99D" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1039,1338,1566,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F173B7006245F99D" box="[1039,1338,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paratrechina longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does occur in
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F459B75C66CCF9FE" box="[293,435,1601,1628]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF1536884D31046FF5C1B79D6498FEE2" blockId="52.[187,1399,1666,2010]" lastBlockId="57.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F41CB79D6515F938" author="Wasmann E." box="[352,618,1666,1693]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="384 - 390" refId="ref43108" refString="Wasmann E. 1905. Zur Lebensweise einiger in- und auslandischen Ameisengaste. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche insektenbiologie 1 (7): 384 - 390." type="journal article" year="1905">Wasmann (1905: 385)</bibRefCitation>
, most of the localities where the species
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F129B79D6386F938" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1109,1273,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F129B79D6386F938" box="[1109,1273,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">P. longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F03CB79D665BF965" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F03CB79D621DF938" box="[1344,1378,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ch</emphasis>
.”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F5C1B7B8665BF965" box="[189,292,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been recorded together (Madeira,
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F7A1B7B8643EF965" box="[733,833,1702,1728]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="2D6EF86A4D310462F609B7B864D6F965" box="[885,937,1702,1728]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pará</collectingRegion>
in northern
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F14FB7B86303F965" box="[1075,1148,1702,1728]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) were anthropogenic, on the sea coast, and connected with commerce. In contrast, the only places where this ant and beetle have been collected together in natural environments were located in
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F69CB7F26363F8A3" box="[992,1052,1772,1798]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
and Southeast Asia. Over one hundred years later, Wetterer (2008: 142) referred to further records of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F680B60E63E1F88C" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1020,1182,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F680B60E63E1F88C" box="[1020,1182,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">P. longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F192B611665BF8E8" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Coluocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F192B6116215F88C" box="[1262,1386,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Coluocera</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F5C1B62D665BF8E8" box="[189,292,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in anthropogenic habitats of
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F7EFB62D647AF8E8" box="[659,773,1843,1869]" name="Myanmar" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(as
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F63CB62D64EBF8E8" box="[832,916,1843,1869]" name="Myanmar" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Burma</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F6D1B62D6379F8E8" box="[941,1030,1843,1869]" name="Taiwan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F16AB62D632BF8E8" box="[1046,1108,1843,1869]" name="Haiti" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Haiti</collectingCountry>
, Galápagos Islands and Hawaii, which agreed with
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D310462F771B6486593F8D4" author="Wasmann E." box="[525,748,1878,1905]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="384 - 390" refId="ref43108" refString="Wasmann E. 1905. Zur Lebensweise einiger in- und auslandischen Ameisengaste. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche insektenbiologie 1 (7): 384 - 390." type="journal article" year="1905">Wasmann’s (1905)</bibRefCitation>
hypothesis that both the host-ant and the beetle have been dispersed by human activity. Wetterer (2008: 138) also referred to the ant cricket
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F1BDB6676680F813" authority="Saussure, 1877" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F1BDB6676639F813" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Myrmecophilus americanus</emphasis>
Saussure, 1877
</taxonomicName>
, another insect closely associated with
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D310462F6BFB683631AF813" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[963,1125,1948,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D310462F6BFB683631AF813" box="[963,1125,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">P. longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as widespread in
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D310462F046B6826209F813" box="[1338,1398,1948,1974]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
and Southeast Asia, but known from other parts of the world only in coastal areas along major old trade routes. The conclusion was that the most likely origin of the ant-host and its two symbionts was the Indomalayan Region (
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF4BDB03265A5FEE3" author="Wetterer J. K. &amp; Hugel S." box="[449,730,300,326]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref43192" refString="Wetterer J. K. &amp; Hugel S. 2008. Worldwide spread of the ant cricket Myrmecophilus americanus, a symbiont of the longhorn crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis. Sociobiology 52 (1): 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2008">Wetterer &amp; Hugel 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF799B032645CFEE3" author="Wetterer J. K. &amp; Hugel S." box="[741,803,300,326]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="126 - 129" refId="ref43233" refString="Wetterer J. K. &amp; Hugel S. 2014. First North American records of the Old World ant cricket Myrmecophilus americanus (Orthoptera, Myrmecophilidae). Florida Entomologist 97 (1): 126 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.097.0117" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF653B03364A4FEE2" author="Wetterer J. K." box="[815,987,300,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="66 - 78" refId="ref43165" refString="Wetterer J. K. 2015. Geographic origin and spread of cosmopolitan ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Halteres 6: 66 - 78." type="journal article" year="2015">Wetterer 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BBD566004D300463F5C1B53E6372FBFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424545/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1056,1082]" targetBox="[456,1134,285,992]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D300463F5C1B53E6372FBFB" blockId="53.[189,1398,1056,1118]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F5C1B53E6660FB9F" bold="true" box="[189,287,1056,1082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D300463F701B53E633CFB9F" authority="Victor, 1838" authorityName="Victor" authorityYear="1838" box="[637,1091,1056,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicaria">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F701B53E64E2FB9F" box="[637,925,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cholovocera formicaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D300463F6D6B53E633CFB9F" author="Victor T." box="[938,1091,1056,1082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="175 - 188" refId="ref42813" refString="Victor T. 1838. Coleopteres du Caucase et des Provinces transcaucasiennes recueillis et decrits. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 11 (2): 175 - 188." type="journal article" year="1838">Victor, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Male from type locality (Derbent).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F442B55D6609FBFB" bold="true" box="[318,374,1091,1118]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F74EB55D6514FBFB" bold="true" box="[562,619,1091,1118]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C–D</emphasis>
. Lateral views. Scale bar = 0.1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D300463F5C1B6B56440F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424547/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[461,1136,1200,1890]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D300463F5C1B6B56440F84C" blockId="53.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F5C1B6B5665FF860" bold="true" box="[189,288,1963,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 16.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D300463F7FEB6B5632BF863" authority="(Markel, 1845)" authorityName="Markel" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Markel" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[642,1108,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F7FEB6B564F2F860" box="[642,909,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cholovocera punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D300463F6DDB6B56334F863" author="Markel F." box="[929,1099,1963,1990]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="193 - 271" refId="ref40745" refString="Markel F. 1845. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der unter Ameisen lebenden Insekten. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie 5: 193 - 271 [1844]." type="journal article" year="1845">Märkel, 1845</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype (Sicily).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F02FB6B567AEF84D" bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A– B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D300463F4F1B6D066DDF84D" bold="true" box="[397,418,1998,2024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D330460F5C1B23864EAFC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424549/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[189,232,806,832]" targetBox="[229,1359,279,698]" targetPageId="54">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D330460F5C1B23864EAFC22" blockId="54.[189,1399,806,904]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F5C1B2386664FCE4" bold="true" box="[189,283,806,833]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
Distal portions of parameres of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D330460F7E1B2396321FCE7" authority="(Markel, 1845)" authorityName="Markel" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Markel" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[669,1118,807,834]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F7E1B23964DBFCE4" box="[669,932,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cholovocera punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D330460F6C8B2396329FCE7" author="Markel F." box="[948,1110,807,834]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="193 - 271" refId="ref40745" refString="Markel F. 1845. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der unter Ameisen lebenden Insekten. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie 5: 193 - 271 [1844]." type="journal article" year="1845">Märkel, 1845</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from various localities.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F5C2B25467ADFCC1" bold="true" box="[190,210,842,868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
. Philippeville (Algeria).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F772B254655DFCC1" bold="true" box="[526,546,842,868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
. Monte Argentario (Central Italy).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F69DB2546489FCC1" bold="true" box="[993,1014,842,868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
. Palermo (Sicily).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F196B2546380FCC1" bold="true" box="[1258,1279,842,868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
. Corsica.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F5C1B27367AEFC22" bold="true" box="[189,209,877,903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">E</emphasis>
. Herault (Southern France).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F75EB273654BFC22" bold="true" box="[546,564,877,903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F</emphasis>
. Marseille (Southern France).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D330460F5C1B6B564EBF84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424551/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[339,1256,1086,1825]" targetPageId="54">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D330460F5C1B6B564EBF84C" blockId="54.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F5C1B6B56664F860" bold="true" box="[189,283,1963,1989]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D330460F71FB6B563F2F863" authority="(Rosenhauer, 1856)" authorityName="Delgado &amp; Palma" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Rosenhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[611,1165,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formiceticola">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F71FB6B564E0F860" box="[611,927,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cholovocera formiceticola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D330460F6D2B6B563FAF863" author="Rosenhauer W. G." box="[942,1157,1963,1990]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref41502" refString="Rosenhauer W. G. 1856. Die Thiere Andalusiens nach dem Resultaten einer Reise zusammengestellt nebst den Beschreibungen von 249 neuen oder bis jetzt noch unbeshcreibenen Gattungen und Arten. T. Blaesing, Erlangen." type="book" year="1856">Rosenhauer, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype (Spain).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F5C1B6D0678AF84D" bold="true" box="[189,245,1998,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D330460F4CDB6D06694F84D" bold="true" box="[433,491,1998,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C–D</emphasis>
. Lateral views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D320461F5C1B2D1650AFBA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424555/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[189,232,975,1001]" targetBox="[475,1078,315,913]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D320461F5C1B2D1650AFBA8" blockId="55.[189,1399,975,1037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F5C1B2D16662FC4C" bold="true" box="[189,285,975,1001]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D320461F70EB2D1637DFC4F" authority="(Kraatz, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[626,1026,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F70EB2D16431FC4C" box="[626,846,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cholovocera attae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D320461F621B2CE6485FC4F" author="Kraatz G." box="[861,1018,975,1002]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="123 - 148" refId="ref39933" refString="Kraatz G. 1858. Beitrag zur Kaferfauna Griechenlands. Staphylinidae (Schlufs), Trichopterygia, Histeridae, Phalacridae, Nitidularia, Trogositarii, Colydii, Cucujidae, Cryptophagidae, Thorictidae, Mycetophagidae, Dermestini, Byrrhii. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 2: 123 - 148." type="journal article" year="1858">Kraatz, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Greece).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F1FAB2D163C3FC4F" bold="true" box="[1158,1212,975,1002]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F5C3B2EC67ADFBA9" bold="true" box="[191,210,1010,1036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
. Lateral view.. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D320461F5C1B6B564B4F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424559/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[485,1124,1125,1899]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D320461F5C1B6B564B4F84C" blockId="55.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F5C1B6B5665EF860" bold="true" box="[189,289,1963,1989]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D320461F7F6B6B56315F860" authority="(Schaufuss, 1876)" authorityName="Delgado &amp; Palma" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Schaufuss" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[650,1130,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallica">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F7F6B6B564FEF860" box="[650,897,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cholovocera gallica</emphasis>
(Schaufuss, 1876)
</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype (Southern France).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F459B6D06622F84D" bold="true" box="[293,349,1998,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D320461F765B6D06551F84D" bold="true" box="[537,558,1998,2024]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D3D046EF5C1B5596377FB20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424565/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[189,232,1095,1121]" targetBox="[479,1118,301,1026]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D3D046EF5C1B5596377FB20" blockId="56.[189,1400,1095,1157]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF5C1B5596663FBC4" bold="true" box="[189,284,1095,1121]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3D046EF715B5596402FBC4" box="[617,893,1095,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanica">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF715B5596402FBC4" box="[617,893,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cholovocera balcanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3D046EF6F1B5596336FBC4" author="Karaman Z." box="[909,1097,1095,1121]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="131 - 133" refId="ref39734" refString="Karaman Z. v. 1936. Ein balkanischer Vertreter des Koleopteren-Genus Reitteria, Reit. balcanica n. sp. Glasnik (Bulletin) de la Societe scientifique de Skopje 17: 131 - 133." type="journal article" year="1936">Karaman, 1936</bibRefCitation>
). Male from type locality (Skopje).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF44DB5746616FB21" bold="true" box="[305,361,1130,1157]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF759B5746521FB21" bold="true" box="[549,606,1130,1157]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C–D</emphasis>
. Lateral views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BBD566004D3D046EF5C1B6B56511F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10424567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10424567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10424567/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[440,1145,1220,1892]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D3D046EF5C1B6B56511F84C" blockId="56.[188,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF5C1B6B56665F860" bold="true" box="[189,282,1963,1989]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3D046EF720B6B5642FF860" authority="Delgado &amp; Palma, 2023" authorityName="Delgado &amp; Palma" authorityYear="2023" box="[604,848,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF720B6B5642FF860" box="[604,848,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cholovocera occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6ED57E14D3D046EF624B6B264CCF860" box="[856,947,1964,1990]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (Oran).
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF1F6B6B563BDF860" bold="true" box="[1162,1218,1963,1990]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A–B</emphasis>
. Ventral views.
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3D046EF5C0B6D067AEF84D" bold="true" box="[188,209,1998,2024]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EF1536884D3C046FF5C1B070633EFDB1" blockId="57.[189,1400,366,533]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF5C1B07066D0FE2D" author="Kistner D. H." box="[189,431,366,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="124 - 127" refId="ref39834" refString="Kistner D. H. 1982. The social insects' bestiary. In: Hermann H. R. (ed.) Social Insects. Vol. 3: 124 - 127. Academic Press, New York." type="journal article" year="1982">Kistner (1982: 124)</bibRefCitation>
studied the association between
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF635B070648EFE2D" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[841,1009,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF635B070648EFE2D" box="[841,1009,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF13DB0706394FE2D" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[1089,1259,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Coluocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF13DB070631CFE2D" box="[1089,1123,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ch</emphasis>
.”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF1F8B0706394FE2D" box="[1156,1259,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="2D6EF86A4D3C046FF066B070620DFE2D" box="[1306,1394,366,392]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, observing that if the ant nest was disturbed, the workers moved not only their larvae to a secure place, but the beetles as well. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF70AB0AA645CFE6B" author="Kistner D. H." box="[630,803,436,462]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="124 - 127" refId="ref39834" refString="Kistner D. H. 1982. The social insects' bestiary. In: Hermann H. R. (ed.) Social Insects. Vol. 3: 124 - 127. Academic Press, New York." type="journal article" year="1982">Kistner (1982)</bibRefCitation>
referred to a groove in the elytral epipleura of the beetles, where the ants’ mandibles would fit to facilitate carrying them. No such intimate ant-beetle association is found between any species of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF7B8B0E46423FDB1" authorityName=", Rucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[708,860,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF7B8B0E46423FDB1" box="[708,860,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cholovocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their ant hosts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF1536884D3C046FF5C1B32266F0FC8C" blockId="57.[189,1399,572,810]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF5C1B3226575FDF2" author="Shockley F. W. &amp; Tomaszewska K. W. &amp; McHugh J. V." box="[189,522,572,599]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref42306" refString="Shockley F. W., Tomaszewska K. W. &amp; McHugh J. V. 2009 b. An annotated checklist of the handsome fungus beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Endomychidae). Zootaxa 1999: 1 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1999.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Shockley
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF449B323660CFDF3" box="[309,371,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(2009b: 65)
</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF717B3226597FDF3" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[619,744,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF717B3226597FDF3" box="[619,744,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Displotera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new junior synonym of “
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF11CB3226261FDF3" box="[1120,1310,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cholovocerida”</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF055B3226678FDDC" author="Belon M. - J." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="clxiii - clxv" refId="ref38253" refString="Belon M. - J. 1884 b. Description d'un Coleoptere nouveau du Chili. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 28: clxiii - clxv [pagination given in Roman numerals]." type="journal article" year="1884">Belon, 1884b</bibRefCitation>
(an unjustified emendation of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF706B34164B7FDDC" authority="Belon, 1884 b" authorityName="Belon" authorityYear="1884" box="[634,968,607,633]" class="Insecta" family="Latridiidae" genus="Colovocerida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF706B3416465FDDC" box="[634,794,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colovocerida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF658B34164B7FDDC" author="Belon M. - J." box="[804,968,607,633]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="clxiii - clxv" refId="ref38253" refString="Belon M. - J. 1884 b. Description d'un Coleoptere nouveau du Chili. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 28: clxiii - clxv [pagination given in Roman numerals]." type="journal article" year="1884">Belon, 1884b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), including “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF119B3416272FDDC" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[1125,1293,607,633]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Coluocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF119B34163F8FDDC" box="[1125,1159,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ch</emphasis>
.”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF1DAB3416272FDDC" box="[1190,1293,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with two Neotropical species: “
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF754B39C65A9FD39" box="[552,726,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cholovocerida</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF796B39D642DFD39" box="[746,850,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">unicurva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF624B39C648BFD39" author="Belon M. - J." box="[856,1012,642,668]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="clxiii - clxv" refId="ref38253" refString="Belon M. - J. 1884 b. Description d'un Coleoptere nouveau du Chili. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 28: clxiii - clxv [pagination given in Roman numerals]." type="journal article" year="1884">Belon, 1884b</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D3C046FF145B39C6306FD39" box="[1081,1145,642,668]" name="Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chile</collectingCountry>
and “
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF1C7B39C6216FD39" box="[1211,1385,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cholovocerida</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF015B39C668CFD65" authority="(Wasmann, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Wasmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Coluocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecitonis">
”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF5C1B3B86667FD1A" box="[189,280,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ecitonis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF455B3B86694FD65" author="Wasmann E." box="[297,491,678,704]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="297 - 304" refId="ref43029" refString="Wasmann E. 1890. Verzeichniss der von Dr. August Forel (Zurich) in Sud-Tunesien und Ost-Algerien gesammelten Ameisen-Gaste. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2: 297 - 304." type="journal article" year="1890">Wasmann, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="97BD76184D3C046FF742B3BB65F6FD1A" box="[574,649,677,703]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. We disagree with
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF611B3BB63CAFD65" author="Shockley F. W. &amp; Tomaszewska K. W. &amp; McHugh J. V." box="[877,1205,677,704]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref42306" refString="Shockley F. W., Tomaszewska K. W. &amp; McHugh J. V. 2009 b. An annotated checklist of the handsome fungus beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Endomychidae). Zootaxa 1999: 1 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1999.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Shockley
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF69AB3B8635DFD1A" box="[998,1058,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(2009b: 65)
</bibRefCitation>
in both actions: in our opinion
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF40EB3D76690FD46" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[370,495,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF40EB3D76690FD46" box="[370,495,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Displotera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF643B3D764A0FD46" authorityName="Belon" authorityYear="1884" box="[831,991,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Latridiidae" genus="Colovocerida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF643B3D764A0FD46" box="[831,991,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colovocerida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but a valid genus of Indomalayan distribution, and “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF4EDB3F26549FCA3" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[401,566,748,774]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Coluocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF4EDB3F266CCFCA3" box="[401,435,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ch</emphasis>
.”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF4B3B3F26549FCA3" box="[463,566,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not belong in
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF666B3F264C5FCA3" authorityName="Belon" authorityYear="1884" box="[794,954,748,774]" class="Insecta" family="Latridiidae" genus="Colovocerida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF666B3F264C5FCA3" box="[794,954,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colovocerida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because this genus appears restricted to the Neotropics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A7B065034D3C046FF5C1B24F6453FC17" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EF1536884D3C046FF5C1B24F6453FC17" blockId="57.[189,1399,848,946]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
In conclusion, from the morphological, distributional and biological evidence given above, we agree with
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF580B26A66A6FC2B" author="Dajoz R." box="[252,473,883,910]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref38712" refString="Dajoz R. 1975. Coleoptera: Lathridiidae de Ceylan. Entomologica Scandinavia Supplement 4: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">Dajoz (1975: 200)</bibRefCitation>
that “
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF75BB26A6442FC2B" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[551,829,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cholovocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF75BB26A65C0FC2B" box="[551,703,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cholovocera</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF7AAB26A6442FC2B" box="[726,829,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF1C1B26A6245FC2B" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[1213,1338,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF1C1B26A6245FC2B" box="[1213,1338,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Displotera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and referred to as
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D0B4D3C046FF423B2896456FC17" authority="(Wollaston, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[351,809,919,946]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Displotera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="DDDEEA9A4D3C046FF423B2896534FC14" box="[351,587,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Displotera maderae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B4B794D3C046FF726B2896460FC17" author="Wollaston T. V." box="[602,799,919,946]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref43283" refString="Wollaston T. V. 1854. Insecta Maderensia; Being an Account of the Insects of the Islands of the Madeiran Group. John van Voorst, London." type="book" year="1854">Wollaston, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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