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<document id="B9AC0734CAA5220697B86458C1969DEB" ID-CLB-Dataset="27456" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.511" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6109d429-ee5b-4857-9b13-a580bbf39fce" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2626854" ID-ZooBank="8FDAD45D-1B7D-446F-8B34-026EDF192210" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554321381323" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kolicka, Małgorzata" docDate="2019" docId="892F87BC732F455F1998C8D9FCD6550B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-511_kolicka.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 511" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lepidodermella squamata 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="7516FFC4731B45681867CC02FFF55677" masterDocTitle="Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698717331031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6F645479EA978C4F09A7A151CCE9D2D8">Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8E1F7F1A94C4E29CD9A194E2DE5BF03">Kolicka, Małgorzata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="225CF890BBFB41D973E66B4F55375D50">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D2F92BF4DE621F4EBD90FA670F79C665">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D2DBAA5968B97CEE19F00801AF3B994">2019-04-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F00F2E6B89BF658F1539A2BF8C959FCE">511</mods:number>
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<treatment id="892F87BC732F455F1998C8D9FCD6550B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620085" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:892F87BC732F455F1998C8D9FCD6550B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/892F87BC732F455F1998C8D9FCD6550B" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="499C6521732F455C1998C8D9FBC05282" box="[511,1077,1243,1270]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C1998C8D9FBC05282" blockId="52.[511,1077,1243,1304]" box="[511,1077,1243,1270]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="5A7181C6732F455C1998C8D9FBC05282" box="[511,1077,1243,1270]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732F455C1998C8D9FBC05282" ID-CoL="3TBRR" authority="(Dujardin, 1841)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[511,1077,1243,1270]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C1998C8D9FD495281" bold="true" box="[511,700,1243,1270]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lepidodermella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C1A95C8D9FC925282" bold="true" box="[754,871,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">squamata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1B10C8D9FBD95282" author="Dujardin F." box="[887,1068,1243,1269]" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref21013" refString="Dujardin F. 1841. Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires" type="book" year="1841">Dujardin, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="499C6521732F455C1A97C8FCFCB6536F" box="[752,835,1278,1304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C1A97C8FCFCB6536F" blockId="52.[511,1077,1243,1304]" box="[752,835,1278,1304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<figureCitation id="99BD2A2F732F455C1A97C8FCFCB6536F" box="[752,835,1278,1304]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,839,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1398,839,1863]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 36. Lepidodermella aff. squamata (Dujardin, 1841). Adult specimen. A. Habitus, phase contrast microphotograph. B–G. Bright field microphotographs. B. Head, dorsal view. C. Head, ventral view. D. Trunk, dorsal view. E. Trunk, ventral view. F. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, dorsal view. G. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2626926/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="499C6521732F455C18DAC945FCDE5316" box="[189,811,1351,1377]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DAC945FCDE5316" blockId="52.[189,811,1351,1377]" box="[189,811,1351,1377]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732F455C18DAC945FD3B5316" ID-CoL="TDF2" authority="Dujardin, 1841: 664" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityPageNumber="664" authorityYear="1841" box="[189,718,1351,1377]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamatus">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C18DAC945FE235316" box="[189,470,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chaetonotus squamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C19BAC945FD665316" author="Dujardin F." box="[477,659,1351,1377]" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref21013" refString="Dujardin F. 1841. Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires" type="book" year="1841">Dujardin, 1841</bibRefCitation>
: 664
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="499C6521732F455C18DAC992FB275003" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DAC992FE9C53DD" blockId="52.[189,361,1424,1450]" box="[189,361,1424,1450]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="5A7181C6732F455C18DAC992FE9C53DD" bold="true" box="[189,361,1424,1450]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C18DAC992FE9C53DD" bold="true" box="[189,361,1424,1450]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Locus typicus</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DAC9BDFEE053AE" blockId="52.[189,277,1471,1497]" box="[189,277,1471,1497]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C18DAC9BDFEE453AE" box="[189,273,1471,1497]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DACA05FE5F5056" blockId="52.[189,426,1543,1569]" box="[189,426,1543,1569]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="5A7181C6732F455C18DACA05FE5F5056" bold="true" box="[189,426,1543,1569]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C18DACA05FE5F5056" bold="true" box="[189,426,1543,1569]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DACA34FB275003" blockId="52.[189,1398,1588,1652]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation id="B1EE3CF7732F455C18DACA34FB3B5003" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225243" collectingDate="2013-11-15" collectionCode="NHC" collectorName="M. Kolicka" country="Poland" latitude="50.060555" location="Kraków, Botanical Garden, Jubilee Greenhouse, site 2" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="19.958334" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2">
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C18DACA34FEC15027" box="[189,308,1590,1616]" name="Poland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">POLAND</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1780FD23732F455C192BCA34FE595027" box="[332,428,1590,1616]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
;
<location id="04596071732F455C19D0CA34FBC15027" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:892F87BC732F455F1998C8D9FCD6550B:04596071732F455C19D0CA34FBC15027" box="[439,1076,1590,1616]" country="Poland" latitude="50.060555" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="19.958334" name="Kraków, Botanical Garden, Jubilee Greenhouse, site 2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Kraków, Botanical Garden, Jubilee Greenhouse, site 2</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="64B2506D732F455C1C26CA36FB205026" box="[1089,1237,1588,1617]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" value="50.060555">
50°03'38&quot;
<collectionCode id="6797AE6F732F455C1CDACA35FB205026" box="[1213,1237,1591,1617]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64B2506D732F455C1C87CA36FA845026" box="[1248,1393,1588,1617]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" value="19.958334">
19°57'30&quot;
<collectionCode id="6797AE6F732F455C1D3BCA35FA845026" box="[1372,1393,1591,1617]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate id="657CE982732F455C18DACA5BFEAA5003" box="[189,351,1625,1652]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2013-11-15">
<date id="7538106A732F455C18DACA5BFEAA5003" box="[189,351,1625,1652]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2013-11-15">15 Nov. 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="AC73537C732F455C190CCA58FE045004" box="[363,497,1625,1652]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectionCode id="6797AE6F732F455C190CCA58FE7C5003" box="[363,393,1626,1652]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Kolicka
</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="6797AE6F732F455C1A54CA58FD845003" box="[563,625,1626,1652]" collectionName="NHC" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">NHC</collectionCode>
(photomicrographs, also in the author's collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="499C6521732F455C18DACAA0FADF5196" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DACAA0FEA350CB" blockId="52.[189,342,1698,1724]" box="[189,342,1698,1724]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="5A7181C6732F455C18DACAA0FEA350CB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1698,1724]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C18DACAA0FEA350CB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1698,1724]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732F455C18DACAD3FADF5196" blockId="52.[189,1399,1745,2018]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732F455C18DACAD3FE04509C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[189,497,1745,1771]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C18DACAD3FE04509C" box="[189,497,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lepidodermella squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed species or, more precisely, in the light of the current data, it represents sets of cryptic or morphologically similar species noted in Europe,
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C1CC5CAF7FAFB5179" box="[1186,1294,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">inter alia</emphasis>
reported from
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C189ACB15FE975146" box="[253,354,1815,1841]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1917CB15FDD35146" author="Valkanov A." box="[368,550,1815,1841]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="171 - 176" part="70" refId="ref23060" refString="Valkanov A. 1937. Uber die Gastrotrichen Bulgariens. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere 70: 171 - 176." title="Uber die Gastrotrichen Bulgariens" type="journal article" year="1937">
Valkanov
<date id="7538106A732F455C198FCB15FDD35146" box="[488,550,1815,1841]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1937">1937</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1A5CCB15FD5D5146" box="[571,680,1815,1841]" name="Germany" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1AD0CB15FC7F5145" author="Remane A." box="[695,906,1815,1842]" editor="Bronn H. G." journalOrPublisher="Akademie Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref22757" refString="Remane A. 1935 - 1936. Gastrotricha und Kinorhyncha. In: Bronn H. G. (ed.) Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, Vol. 4, Section 2, Book 1, Part 2, Issues 1 - 2. Akademie Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig." title="Gastrotricha und Kinorhyncha" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, Vol. 4, Section 2, Book 1, Part 2, Issues" year="1935">
Remane
<date id="7538106A732F455C1B47CB15FC7F5145" box="[800,906,1815,1842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1935" valueMax="1936">1935–36</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1BF9CB15FBCD5146" box="[926,1080,1815,1841]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1C20CB15FB285146" author="Martin L. V." box="[1095,1245,1815,1841]" journalOrPublisher="Microscopy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="286 - 300" part="34" refId="ref22375" refString="Martin L. V. 1981. Gastrotrichs found in Surrey. Microscopy 34: 286 - 300." title="Gastrotrichs found in Surrey" type="journal article" year="1981">
Martin
<date id="7538106A732F455C1CF8CB15FB285146" box="[1183,1245,1815,1841]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1981">1981</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1C95CB15FADD5146" box="[1266,1320,1815,1841]" name="Italy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1D50CB15FF095122" author="Mola P." journalOrPublisher="International Review of Hydrobiology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="397 - 423" part="26" refId="ref22462" refString="Mola P. 1932. Gastrotricha delle acque dolci italiane. International Review of Hydrobiology 26 (5 - 6): 397 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19320260504" title="Gastrotricha delle acque dolci italiane" type="journal article" year="1932">
Mola
<date id="7538106A732F455C18DACB39FF095122" box="[189,252,1851,1877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1932">1932</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1976CB38FE975123" box="[273,354,1850,1876]" name="Poland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1914CB38FDD95123" author="Roszczak R." box="[371,556,1850,1876]" journalOrPublisher="Sprawy, Poznanskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="109 - 111" part="9" refId="ref22808" refString="Roszczak R. 1936. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) zbiornikow wodnych okolic Poznania. Sprawy, Poznanskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk 9: 109 - 111." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) zbiornikow wodnych okolic Poznania" type="journal article" year="1936">
Roszczak
<date id="7538106A732F455C1989CB38FDD95123" box="[494,556,1850,1876]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1936">1936</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1A5ECB38FC385123" author="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J." box="[569,973,1850,1877]" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Faunistica" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" part="30" refId="ref21618" refString="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J. 1986 a. Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. II. Gastrotricha from the seaside lakes in the Slowinski National Park. Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 183 - 182." title="Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. II. Gastrotricha from the seaside lakes in the Slowinski National Park" type="journal volume" year="1986">
Kisielewska
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C1AB6CB39FD1D5122" box="[721,744,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">&amp;</emphasis>
Kisielewski
<date id="7538106A732F455C1BE4CB38FC355123" box="[899,960,1850,1876]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1986">1986</date>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1BBCCB38FBD25123" author="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J." box="[987,1063,1850,1876]" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Faunistica" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="195 - 215" part="30" refId="ref21654" refString="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J. 1986 b. Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. III. Gastrotricha from the Bialowieza Forest and the Bialowieza Glade. Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 195 - 215." title="Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. III. Gastrotricha from the Bialowieza Forest and the Bialowieza Glade" type="journal article" year="1986">
<date id="7538106A732F455C1BBCCB38FBED5123" box="[987,1048,1850,1876]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1986">1986</date>
b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1C53CB38FB8A5122" author="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J." box="[1076,1151,1850,1877]" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Faunistica" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="235 - 250" part="30" refId="ref21689" refString="Kisielewska G. &amp; Kisielewski J. 1986 c. Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. V. Gastrotricha of alder woods. Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 235 - 250." title="Freshwater Gastrotricha of Poland. V. Gastrotricha of alder woods" type="journal article" year="1986">
<date id="7538106A732F455C1C53CB38FB875122" box="[1076,1138,1850,1877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1986">1986</date>
c
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1CF2CB38FB0A5123" box="[1173,1279,1850,1876]" name="Romania" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1D68CB38FF0E510E" author="Rudescu L." journalOrPublisher="Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3" refId="ref22855" refString="Rudescu L. 1967. Gastrotricha. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2 (3). Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest." title="Gastrotricha" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2" year="1967">
Rudescu
<date id="7538106A732F455C18DACB5CFF0E510E" box="[189,251,1886,1913]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1967">1967</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1969CB5CFE9E510F" box="[270,363,1886,1912]" name="Sweden" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C191FCB5FFDD1510F" author="Kanneby T." box="[376,548,1885,1912]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="29 - 55" part="3115" refId="ref21389" refString="Kanneby T. 2011. New species and new records of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3115: 29 - 55." title="New species and new records of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) from Sweden" type="journal article" year="2011">
Kånneby
<date id="7538106A732F455C198ECB5CFDD1510F" box="[489,548,1886,1912]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2011">2011</date>
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1A06CB5CFD18510F" box="[609,749,1886,1912]" name="Switzerland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1A9DCB5CFC6C510F" accessDate="2019-01-28" author="Greuter A." box="[762,921,1886,1912]" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="35 - 76" part="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10710334" refId="ref21072" refString="Greuter A. 1917. Beitrage zur Systematik der Gastrotrichen in der Schweiz. Revue suisse de Zoologie 25: 35 - 76. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10710334 [accessed 28 Jan. 2019]." title="Beitrage zur Systematik der Gastrotrichen in der Schweiz" type="journal article" year="1917">
Greuter
<date id="7538106A732F455C1B3DCB5CFC6C510F" box="[858,921,1886,1912]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1917">1917</date>
</bibRefCitation>
); also reported from
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1CE3CB5CFB0C510F" box="[1156,1273,1886,1912]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1D61CB5CFEA551EC" author="Grosso L. E. &amp; Drahg F." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica, Lilloana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="227 - 230" part="37" refId="ref21116" refString="Grosso L. E. &amp; Drahg F. 1984. Gastrotricos dulceacuicolas de la provincia de Tucuman. II. Chaetonotus majestuosus n. sp. Acta Zoologica, Lilloana 37: 227 - 230." title="Gastrotricos dulceacuicolas de la provincia de Tucuman. II. Chaetonotus majestuosus n. sp" type="journal article" year="1984">
Grosso &amp; Drahg
<date id="7538106A732F455C1975CB83FEA551EC" box="[274,336,1921,1947]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1984">1984</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1900CB83FE2651EC" box="[359,467,1921,1947]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1981CB83FD5351EB" author="Hochberg R." box="[486,678,1921,1948]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="119 - 130" part="124" refId="ref21215" refString="Hochberg R. 2005. First record of Polymerurus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Australia with the description of a new species from Queensland and of cuticular ultrastructure in P. nodicaudus. Invertebrate Biology 124: 119 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2005.00014. x" title="First record of Polymerurus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Australia with the description of a new species from Queensland and of cuticular ultrastructure in P. nodicaudus" type="journal article" year="2005">
Hochberg
<date id="7538106A732F455C1A00CB83FD5351EB" box="[615,678,1921,1948]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005">2005</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1AD9CB83FCF351EC" box="[702,774,1921,1947]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1B7ECB83FC1A51EC" author="Kisielewski J." box="[793,1007,1921,1947]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 168" part="43" refId="ref21881" refString="Kisielewski J. 1991. Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil. Annales Zoologici 43: 1 - 168." title="Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil" type="journal article" year="1991">
Kisielewski
<date id="7538106A732F455C1BD6CB83FC1A51EC" box="[945,1007,1921,1947]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1991">1991</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1C6FCB83FB9551EC" box="[1032,1120,1921,1947]" name="Canada" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1C13CB83FAD951EC" author="Schwank P." box="[1140,1324,1921,1947]" editor="Schwoerbel J." journalOrPublisher="Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3" refId="ref22912" refString="Schwank P. 1990. Gastrotricha. In: Schwoerbel J. &amp; Zwick P. (eds) Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Gastrotricha" year="1990">
Schwank
<date id="7538106A732F455C1C8ACB83FAD951EC" box="[1261,1324,1921,1947]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1990">1990</date>
</bibRefCitation>
), East Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C197CCBA6FE4151C9" author="Daday E. V. von" box="[283,436,1956,1982]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="56 - 59" part="23" refId="ref20943" refString="Daday E. V. von. 1910. Die Susswasserfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Zoologica 23: 56 - 59." title="Die Susswasserfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas" type="journal article" year="1910">
Daday
<date id="7538106A732F455C1912CBA6FE4151C9" box="[373,436,1956,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1910">1910</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C19ABCBA6FDFD51C9" box="[460,520,1956,1982]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1A7CCBA6FCF951C9" author="Naidu K. V. &amp; Rao G. C." box="[539,780,1956,1983]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref22500" refString="Naidu K. V. &amp; Rao G. C. 2004. The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries - Gastrotricha. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata." title="The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries - Gastrotricha" type="book" year="2004">
Naidu
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C1A17CBA7FD7251C8" box="[624,647,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">&amp;</emphasis>
Rao
<date id="7538106A732F455C1AAACBA6FCF951C9" box="[717,780,1956,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004">2004</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1B43CBA6FC9051C9" box="[804,869,1956,1982]" name="Israel" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Israel</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1B1FCBA6FBBB51C9" author="Kisielewski J." box="[888,1102,1956,1982]" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="135 - 157" part="45" refId="ref21948" refString="Kisielewski J. 1999. A preliminary study of the inland-water Gastrotricha of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 45: 135 - 157." title="A preliminary study of the inland-water Gastrotricha of Israel" type="journal article" year="1999">
Kisielewski
<date id="7538106A732F455C1C77CBA6FBBB51C9" box="[1040,1102,1956,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999">1999</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1C00CBA7FB5F51C8" box="[1127,1194,1957,1983]" name="Japan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1CDACBA6FA9C51C9" author="Sudzuki M." box="[1213,1385,1956,1982]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="37 - 41" part="27" refId="ref22952" refString="Sudzuki M. 1971. Die das Kapillarwasser des Luckensystems bewohnenden Gastrotrichen Japans II. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 27 (5): 37 - 41." title="Die das Kapillarwasser des Luckensystems bewohnenden Gastrotrichen Japans II" type="journal article" year="1971">
Sudzuki
<date id="7538106A732F455C1D4CCBA6FA9C51C9" box="[1323,1385,1956,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1971">1971</date>
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C18DACBC5FEA45195" box="[189,337,1991,2018]" name="South Korea" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1907CBC5FDB35196" author="Lee J. M. &amp; Chang C. Y." box="[352,582,1991,2018]" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="87 - 104" part="16" refId="ref22344" refString="Lee J. M. &amp; Chang C. Y. 2000. Freshwater chaetonotid gastrotrichs in Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 16: 87 - 104." title="Freshwater chaetonotid gastrotrichs in Korea" type="journal article" year="2000">
Lee
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732F455C19F2CBCAFE595195" box="[405,428,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">&amp;</emphasis>
Chang
<date id="7538106A732F455C1A60CBC5FDB35196" box="[519,582,1991,2017]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2000">2000</date>
</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1AE2CBC5FCD75196" box="[645,802,1991,2017]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1B55CBC5FC485196" author="Bryce D." box="[818,957,1991,2017]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="81 - 108" part="15" refId="ref20868" refString="Bryce D. 1924. The Rotifera and Gastrotricha of Devils and Stump Lakes, North Dakota, USA. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club 15: 81 - 108." title="The Rotifera and Gastrotricha of Devils and Stump Lakes, North Dakota, USA" type="journal article" year="1924">
Bryce
<date id="7538106A732F455C1BE6CBC5FC485196" box="[897,957,1991,2017]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1924">1924</date>
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732F455C1B99CBCAFB905195" box="[1022,1125,1992,2018]" name="Uruguay" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732F455C1C13CBC5FAE85196" author="Cordero E. H." box="[1140,1309,1991,2017]" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="241 - 244" part="4" refId="ref20900" refString="Cordero E. H. 1918. Notes sur les Gastrotriches. Physis 4: 241 - 244." title="Notes sur les Gastrotriches" type="journal article" year="1918">Cordero 1918</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="499C6521732E455F18DACD09FCD6550B" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="013936AA732E455D18DACD09FEDA5752" blockId="53.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="5A7181C6732E455D18DACD09FEDA5752" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D18DACD09FEDA5752" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732E455D18DACD3BFDF35473" blockId="53.[189,1399,313,516]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732E455D18DACD3BFD3F5723" authority="(Dujardin, 1841)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[189,714,313,340]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D18DACD3BFE005724" box="[189,501,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidodermella squamata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1A6FCD3BFD375723" author="Dujardin F." box="[520,706,313,340]" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref21013" refString="Dujardin F. 1841. Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires" type="book" year="1841">Dujardin, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is one of the four earliest described gastrotrich species (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D18A2CD5EFE465700" author="Balsamo M. &amp; Grilli P. &amp; Guidi L. &amp; d'Hondt J. - L." box="[197,435,348,375]" editor="Dumont H. J. F." journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers and Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="24" refId="ref20776" refString="Balsamo M., Grilli P., Guidi L. &amp; d'Hondt J. - L. 2014. Gastrotricha: biology, ecology and systematics: families Dasydytidae, Dichaeturidae, Neogosseidae, Proichthydiidae. In: Dumont H. J. F. (ed.) Identification Guides to the Plankton and Benthos of Inland Waters 24. Backhuys Publishers and Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany." title="Gastrotricha: biology, ecology and systematics: families Dasydytidae, Dichaeturidae, Neogosseidae, Proichthydiidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Identification Guides to the Plankton and Benthos of Inland Waters" year="2014">
Balsamo
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1953CD5FFE935700" box="[308,358,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
.
<date id="7538106A732E455D1914CD5FFE465700" box="[371,435,349,375]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2014">2014</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). This taxon is distributed worldwide and is very common in very different habitats (from freshwater and brackish psammon to micro-reservoirs in bromeliad leaves); however, in light of molecular data and on the basis of morphological evidence, it constitutes not one but at least a few morphologically very similar species, i.e., a complex of pseudocryptic or cryptic species (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1C83CDC4FF0E5473" author="Fregni E. &amp; Balsamo M. &amp; Tongiorgi P." journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="175 - 187" part="368" refId="ref21032" refString="Fregni E., Balsamo M. &amp; Tongiorgi P. 1998. Interstitial gastrotrichs from lotic Italian fresh waters. Hydrobiologia 368: 175 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003250217483" title="Interstitial gastrotrichs from lotic Italian fresh waters" type="journal article" year="1998">
Fregni
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1D5CCDC5FA9A5797" box="[1339,1391,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
.
<date id="7538106A732E455D18DACDE8FF0E5473" box="[189,251,490,516]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1998">1998</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1960CDEBFE0F5473" author="Kanneby T. &amp; Todaro M. A. &amp; Jondelius U." box="[263,506,489,516]" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="185 - 202" part="683" refId="ref21415" refString="Kanneby T., Todaro M. A. &amp; Jondelius U. 2012. A phylogenetic approach to species delimitation in freshwater Gastrotricha from Sweden. Hydrobiologia 683: 185 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 011 - 0956 - 1" title="A phylogenetic approach to species delimitation in freshwater Gastrotricha from Sweden" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kånneby
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D191FCDE8FE595474" box="[376,428,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
.
<date id="7538106A732E455D19DDCDE8FE0F5473" box="[442,506,490,516]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2012">2012</date>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732E455E18DACE29FE8C54DF" blockId="53.[189,1399,555,793]" lastBlockId="54.[189,1399,267,680]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Both of the specimens reported here corresponded well with the original species description (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1D6BCE29FF0C541F" author="Dujardin F." journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref21013" refString="Dujardin F. 1841. Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Infusoires" type="book" year="1841">
Dujardin
<date id="7538106A732E455D18DACE4CFF0C541F" box="[189,249,590,616]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1841">1841</date>
</bibRefCitation>
) and with later records and the emended descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1BC7CE4CFBAB541F" author="Balsamo M." box="[928,1118,590,616]" journalOrPublisher="Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 92" part="20" refId="ref20603" refString="Balsamo M. 1983. Gastrotrichi. In: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ed.) Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane 20: 1 - 92." title="Gastrotrichi" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche" year="1983">
Balsamo (
<date id="7538106A732E455D1C70CE4CFBA1541F" box="[1047,1108,590,616]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1983">1983</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1CFFCE4CFA84541F" author="Kisielewski J." box="[1176,1393,590,616]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="293 - 301" part="32" refId="ref21796" refString="Kisielewski J. 1984. Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland. Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques 32: 293 - 301." title="Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland" type="journal article" year="1984">
Kisielewski (
<date id="7538106A732E455D1D54CE4CFA84541F" box="[1331,1393,590,616]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1984">1984</date>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D18DACE73FEF354FC" author="Kisielewski J." box="[189,262,625,651]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 157" part="31" refId="ref21899" refString="Kisielewski J. 1997 a. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha). Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt 31: 1 - 157." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="1997">
<date id="7538106A732E455D18DACE73FF0C54FC" box="[189,249,625,651]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1997">1997</date>
a
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="99BD2A2F732E455D1978CE73FE8254FB" box="[287,375,625,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,839,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1398,839,1863]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 36. Lepidodermella aff. squamata (Dujardin, 1841). Adult specimen. A. Habitus, phase contrast microphotograph. B–G. Bright field microphotographs. B. Head, dorsal view. C. Head, ventral view. D. Trunk, dorsal view. E. Trunk, ventral view. F. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, dorsal view. G. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2626926/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). A detailed discussion of the shape of the scales and comparisons between the studied specimens and
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732E455D1910CE97FDF954D9" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[375,524,661,686]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1910CE97FDF954D9" box="[375,524,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature are considerably impeded by the noticeable differences in the shape and distribution of the scales that were presented by various authors and by intraspecific variability (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D19E2CED9FDC75482" author="Rudescu L." box="[389,562,731,757]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="3" refId="ref22855" refString="Rudescu L. 1967. Gastrotricha. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2 (3). Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest." title="Gastrotricha" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2" year="1967">
Rudescu
<date id="7538106A732E455D1993CED9FDC75482" box="[500,562,731,757]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1967">1967</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1A26CED9FD0F5482" author="Roszczak R." box="[577,762,731,757]" journalOrPublisher="Prace Komisji Biologicznej" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 92" part="32" refId="ref22834" refString="Roszczak R. 1969. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) srodkowej Wielkopolski. Prace Komisji Biologicznej 32: 1 - 92." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) srodkowej Wielkopolski" type="journal article" year="1969">
Roszczak
<date id="7538106A732E455D1ADBCED9FD0F5482" box="[700,762,731,757]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1969">1969</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1B6ECED9FC4D5482" author="Balsamo M." box="[777,952,731,757]" journalOrPublisher="Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 92" part="20" refId="ref20603" refString="Balsamo M. 1983. Gastrotrichi. In: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ed.) Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane 20: 1 - 92." title="Gastrotrichi" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche" year="1983">
Balsamo
<date id="7538106A732E455D1B1DCED9FC4D5482" box="[890,952,731,757]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1983">1983</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1BA1CED9FB8F5482" author="Schwank P." box="[966,1146,731,757]" editor="Schwoerbel J." journalOrPublisher="Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="3" refId="ref22912" refString="Schwank P. 1990. Gastrotricha. In: Schwoerbel J. &amp; Zwick P. (eds) Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Gastrotricha" year="1990">
Schwank
<date id="7538106A732E455D1C5BCED9FB8F5482" box="[1084,1146,731,757]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1990">1990</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1CEECED9FA9F5482" author="Kisielewski J." box="[1161,1386,731,757]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 157" part="31" refId="ref21899" refString="Kisielewski J. 1997 a. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha). Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt 31: 1 - 157." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="1997">
Kisielewski
<date id="7538106A732E455D1D79CED9FAA95482" box="[1310,1372,731,757]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1997">1997</date>
a
</bibRefCitation>
), but the
<typeStatus id="DE3D8808732E455D1978CEFDFEA7556E" box="[287,338,767,793]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
and shape of the scales in the main covering remain consistent with
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732E455D1CD2CEFCFA82556F" author="Balsamo M." box="[1205,1399,766,792]" journalOrPublisher="Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 92" part="20" refId="ref20603" refString="Balsamo M. 1983. Gastrotrichi. In: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ed.) Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane 20: 1 - 92." title="Gastrotrichi" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche" year="1983">
Balsamo (
<date id="7538106A732E455D1D56CEFCFA9B556F" box="[1329,1390,766,792]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1983">1983</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1896CD09FE395752" author="Kisielewski J." box="[241,460,267,293]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="293 - 301" part="32" refId="ref21796" refString="Kisielewski J. 1984. Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland. Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques 32: 293 - 301." title="Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland" type="journal article" year="1984">
Kisielewski (
<date id="7538106A732D455E19E9CD09FE395752" box="[398,460,267,293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984">1984</date>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E19BCCD09FDDD5752" author="Kisielewski J." box="[475,552,267,293]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 157" part="31" refId="ref21899" refString="Kisielewski J. 1997 a. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha). Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt 31: 1 - 157." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="1997">
<date id="7538106A732D455E19BCCD09FDEF5752" box="[475,538,267,293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1997">1997</date>
a
</bibRefCitation>
). All of the main morphometric characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E1CE3CD0EFABC5752" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1156,1353,267,294]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1CE3CD0EFB615752" box="[1156,1172,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
. aff.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1CB0CD0EFABC5752" box="[1239,1353,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are within the range given in the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1AE9CD2CFCCF573F" author="Rudescu L." box="[654,826,302,328]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="3" refId="ref22855" refString="Rudescu L. 1967. Gastrotricha. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2 (3). Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest." title="Gastrotricha" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Trochelminthes 2" year="1967">
Rudescu
<date id="7538106A732D455E1A9BCD2CFCCF573F" box="[764,826,302,328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1967">1967</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1B20CD2CFC09573F" author="Roszczak R." box="[839,1020,302,328]" journalOrPublisher="Prace Komisji Biologicznej" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 92" part="32" refId="ref22834" refString="Roszczak R. 1969. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) srodkowej Wielkopolski. Prace Komisji Biologicznej 32: 1 - 92." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) srodkowej Wielkopolski" type="journal article" year="1969">
Roszczak
<date id="7538106A732D455E1BD9CD2CFC09573F" box="[958,1020,302,328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1969">1969</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1C6FCD2CFB40573E" author="Balsamo M." box="[1032,1205,302,329]" journalOrPublisher="Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 92" part="20" refId="ref20603" refString="Balsamo M. 1983. Gastrotrichi. In: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ed.) Guide per il Riconoscimento delle Specie animali delle Acque interne italiane 20: 1 - 92." title="Gastrotrichi" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche" year="1983">
Balsamo
<date id="7538106A732D455E1C10CD2DFB40573E" box="[1143,1205,303,329]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1983">1983</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1CA6CD2CFA87573E" author="Schwank P." box="[1217,1394,302,329]" editor="Schwoerbel J." journalOrPublisher="Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="3" refId="ref22912" refString="Schwank P. 1990. Gastrotricha. In: Schwoerbel J. &amp; Zwick P. (eds) Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Gastrotricha" year="1990">
Schwank
<date id="7538106A732D455E1D53CD2DFA87573E" box="[1332,1394,303,329]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990">1990</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E18DACD50FE79571B" author="Kisielewski J." box="[189,396,338,364]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="293 - 301" part="32" refId="ref21796" refString="Kisielewski J. 1984. Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland. Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences biologiques 32: 293 - 301." title="Three new freshwater gastrotrichs of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Chaetonotida) from Poland" type="journal article" year="1984">
Kisielewski
<date id="7538106A732D455E1928CD50FE79571B" box="[335,396,338,364]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984">1984</date>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E19FECD50FE13571B" author="Kisielewski J." box="[409,486,338,364]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 157" part="31" refId="ref21899" refString="Kisielewski J. 1997 a. Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha). Fauna Slodkowodna Polski, Zeszyt 31: 1 - 157." title="Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="1997">
<date id="7538106A732D455E19FECD50FE2D571B" box="[409,472,338,364]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1997">1997</date>
a
</bibRefCitation>
). The body length of studied adult specimens varied from 146.2 to 153.5 μm; the length of the pharynx from 45.7 to 47.3 μm; the intestine length from 75.5 to 82.1 μm; there were 19 total longitudinal rows of scales (5D +4DL+4L+4LV+
<date id="7538106A732D455E1B34CD9AFC8F57C5" box="[851,890,408,434]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2V</date>
), with 29–31 scales in the central row. The main clear differences between the studied specimens and
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E1B1ECDBEFBFE57A2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[889,1035,444,469]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1B1ECDBEFBFE57A2" box="[889,1035,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the possession of one pair of scales with keels and rudimental but rigid spines on the dorsolateral area of the furcal appendages. Scales with keels or spines were listed neither in the original description nor in the main taxonomic reports on
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E1958CE24FE265448" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[319,467,550,575]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1958CE24FE265448" box="[319,467,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; thus, I could not determine that the specimens undoubtedly belonged to this nominal taxon. Moreover, the present specimens possessed three pairs of dorsal sensory bristles, but this features cannot be a valid diagnostic character, since it was omitted in the original description and most previous works.
</paragraph>
<caption id="55F96622732E455D18DACB66FB46519F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2626926/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[189,1398,839,1863]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="013936AA732E455D18DACB66FB46519F" blockId="53.[189,1399,1892,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D18DACB66FEEE5109" bold="true" box="[189,283,1892,1918]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732E455D1942CB67FC945108" authority="(Dujardin, 1841)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[293,865,1892,1919]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Lepidodermella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1942CB67FE2A5108" box="[293,479,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidodermella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1A7DCB67FD795109" box="[538,652,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">squamata</emphasis>
(Dujardin, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
. Adult specimen.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1C5DCB66FBBA5109" bold="true" box="[1082,1103,1892,1918]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, phase contrast microphotograph.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D19FFCB8AFE2451D5" bold="true" box="[408,465,1928,1954]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B–G</emphasis>
. Bright field microphotographs.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1B3CCB8AFC9A51D5" bold="true" box="[859,879,1928,1954]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
. Head, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1C0FCB8AFB8851D5" bold="true" box="[1128,1149,1928,1954]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
. Head, ventral view.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D18DACBA9FF2751B2" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D</emphasis>
. Trunk, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D19A6CBA9FE2051B2" bold="true" box="[449,469,1963,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E</emphasis>
. Trunk, ventral view.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1AAACBA9FD2A51B2" bold="true" box="[717,735,1963,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F</emphasis>
. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732E455D1935CBCCFE9C519F" bold="true" box="[338,361,1998,2024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G</emphasis>
. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="013936AA732D455E18DACED8FEAC548E" blockId="54.[189,345,730,761]" box="[189,345,730,761]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="5A7181C6732D455E18DACED8FEAC548E" bold="true" box="[189,345,730,761]" fontSize="13" level="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E18DACED8FEAC548E" bold="true" box="[189,345,730,761]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732D455E18DACF12FE6E53B0" blockId="54.[189,1399,784,1479]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
The epiphytic species found in the Jubilee Greenhouse in Kraków increase the number of Gastrotricha known from
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732D455E1931CF31FE52553A" box="[342,423,819,845]" name="Poland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Poland</collectingCountry>
to 105 and those known from palm houses to 24 species (see
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1CEDCF31FADA5539" author="Kolicka M." box="[1162,1327,819,846]" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystema" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="141 - 155" part="38" refId="ref22032" refString="Kolicka M. 2016. Gastrotrichs in bromeliads - newly recorded Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) furcatus Kisielewski, 1991 (Chaetonotida) from the Lodz Palm House. Zoosystema 38 (1): 141 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2016 n 1 a 5" title="Gastrotrichs in bromeliads - newly recorded Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) furcatus Kisielewski, 1991 (Chaetonotida) from the Lodz Palm House" type="journal article" year="2016">
Kolicka
<date id="7538106A732D455E1C88CF31FADA5539" box="[1263,1327,819,846]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016">2016</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). This is also the first recorded presence of gastrotrichs in aquatic plants in an artificial habitat. It is worth emphasising that these chaetonotids were found on vegetation cultivated from seeds or small seedling shoots in reservoirs that were cleaned on a yearly basis, including a partial replacement of the bottom sediment. The species composition changed between the first and second sample collections. The presence of different species could have been caused by two factors, namely the reservoir cleaning which took place between the collection of the samples and the change of plant species arrangement. Perhaps some of the gastrotrich species did not survive the seasonal cleaning and replacement of sediments, or some new taxa from the second sample collection were ones that were unintentionally imported into the Jubilee Greenhouse or were present on different plant species brought from another part of the reservoir. Observations of epiphytic gastrotrichs and species community changes may increase our knowledge of the colonisation abilities of Gastroticha because they suggest three ways of inhabitation of specific plants: 1) the gastrotrichs were brought in their resting egg stages on seeds or seedlings to the reservoir and survived the transfer to the nursery tank during the annual cleaning procedure; 2) gastrotrichs were introduced to the reservoir with the bottom sediments, they grew in abundance and subsequently they also moved to the submerged plants from the benthic communities; 3) the resting eggs of various gastrotrich species were brought yearly to the reservoirs in uncontrolled ways and some taxa found appropriate conditions to live in the bottom sediments while others were able to live only on aquatic vegetation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732D455E18DAC9F4FB2F51C0" blockId="54.[189,1399,1526,1975]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E18DAC9F4FE555067" author="Kisielewski J." box="[189,416,1526,1552]" journalOrPublisher="Stygologia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 92" part="5" refId="ref21860" refString="Kisielewski J. 1990. Origin and phylogenetic significance of freshwater psammic Gastrotricha. Stygologia 5: 87 - 92." title="Origin and phylogenetic significance of freshwater psammic Gastrotricha" type="journal article" year="1990">
Kisielewski (
<date id="7538106A732D455E193DC9F4FE625067" box="[346,407,1526,1552]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990">1990</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that submerged plants were the last freshwater habitat to be colonised by gastrotrichs after their expansion from marine waters. Possible routes of gastrotrich transfer from sediments to aquatic plants or from aquatic plants to sediments remain unconfirmed. Chaetonotids, as small benthic or epibenthic invertebrates without any free-swimming life stages, possess very limited abilities to actively move long distances. However, the active movement of Gastrotricha into vegetation rooted in a reservoir bottom does not seem to be impossible. On the other hand, transport by the water column itself seems to be a task requiring external factors in the form of water tides or larger, more actively swimming animals which could drag the gastrotrichs or their eggs from the bottom sediments to the submerged plants. The very long spines on the trunk of
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E1BA8CB12FED7513A" authority="Kolicka, 2019" authorityName="Kolicka" authorityYear="2019" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="subGenus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1BA8CB12FB96515D" box="[975,1123,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1C1DCB12FA98515D" box="[1146,1389,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E18DACB31FED7513A" box="[189,290,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28C157C3732D455E194DCB31FE73513A" box="[298,390,1843,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E19A6CB31FD5B513A" authority="Kolicka, 2019" authorityName="Kolicka" authorityYear="2019" box="[449,686,1843,1869]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="inaequabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E19A6CB31FE29513A" box="[449,476,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1989CB36FDFE513A" box="[494,523,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1A7ACB31FD5B513A" box="[541,686,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">inaequabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28C157C3732D455E1AD1CB31FCE1513A" box="[694,788,1843,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as well as the very long lateral to ventral spines in
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732D455E18DACB55FE825107" authority="Kolicka, 2019" authorityName="Kolicka" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,375,1878,1905]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="invitatus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chaetonotus">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E18DACB55FF2D5106" box="[189,216,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1880CB55FEF75106" box="[231,258,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732D455E1975CB55FE825107" box="[274,375,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">invitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28C157C3732D455E191BCB55FE2D5106" box="[380,472,1879,1905]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, may be a crucial adaptation to an epibenthic or epiphytic lifestyle. The presence of a long spine could increase the likelihood of elevation from sediments to vegetation and allow this species to stay on submerged plants by increasing the bearing surface (
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732D455E1B9DCB9EFB3851C0" author="Kisielewski J." box="[1018,1229,1948,1975]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 168" part="43" refId="ref21881" refString="Kisielewski J. 1991. Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil. Annales Zoologici 43: 1 - 168." title="Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil" type="journal article" year="1991">Kisielewski 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013936AA732C455F18DACD09FCD6550B" blockId="55.[189,1399,267,892]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
The presence of as many as three species that are new to science and two newly recorded species in such a relatively well-studied country as
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732C455F1AD5CD2CFCF6573F" box="[690,771,302,328]" name="Poland" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Poland</collectingCountry>
may suggest the foreign origin of the newly found taxa. Although we do not know the place of origin of the new species, the newly observed
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732C455F1C85CD50FCE457F8" authority="Kisielewski, 1991" authorityName="Kisielewski" authorityYear="1991" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="paucisquamatus" subGenus="Chaetonotus">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1C85CD50FA83571B" box="[1250,1398,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F18A0CD77FEAE57F8" box="[199,347,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1917CD74FDDA57F8" box="[368,559,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">paucisquamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F1A5ECD77FCE457F8" author="Kisielewski J." box="[569,785,373,399]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 168" part="43" refId="ref21881" refString="Kisielewski J. 1991. Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil. Annales Zoologici 43: 1 - 168." title="Inland-water Gastrotricha from Brazil" type="journal article" year="1991">Kisielewski, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C6864D29732C455F1B36CD77FA8257F8" authority="Balsamo, 1990" authorityName="Balsamo" authorityYear="1990" box="[849,1399,373,399]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cestacanthus" subGenus="Zonochaeta">
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1B36CD77FC9957F8" box="[849,876,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1BE6CD77FBF957F8" box="[897,1036,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zonochaeta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1C47CD77FB4D57F8" box="[1056,1208,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">cestacanthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F1CA4CD77FA8257F8" author="Balsamo M." box="[1219,1399,373,399]" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino di Zoologia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="165 - 178" part="57" refId="ref20637" refString="Balsamo M. 1990. Gastrotrichs from Lakes Bolsena, Chiusi and Montepulciano (central Italy), with the description of four new species. Bolletino di Zoologia 57 (2): 165 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009009355693" title="Gastrotrichs from Lakes Bolsena, Chiusi and Montepulciano (central Italy), with the description of four new species" type="journal article" year="1990">Balsamo, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were previously known only from their
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1AF5CD9BFCE957C5" box="[658,796,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">terra typica</emphasis>
in
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732C455F1B25CD9AFC7F57C5" box="[834,906,408,434]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7991763A732C455F1BA4CD9AFC0F57C5" box="[963,1018,408,434]" name="Italy" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Italy</collectingCountry>
, respectively. Both regions have a relatively high annual temperature and more stable climatic conditions than those observed in natural Polish habitats (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F19D6CDDCFD68578E" author="Hijmans R. J. &amp; Cameron S. E. &amp; Parra J. L. &amp; Jones P. G. &amp; Jarvis A." box="[433,669,478,505]" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Climatology" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1965 - 1978" part="25" refId="ref21153" refString="Hijmans R. J., Cameron S. E., Parra J. L., Jones P. G. &amp; Jarvis A. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965 - 1978. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 1276" title="Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas" type="journal article" year="2005">
Hijmans
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1A7BCDDDFDBA578E" box="[540,591,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). It is possible that these species were accidentally imported to the Jubilee Greenhouse along with the subsoil (potted plants, sand, peat or, less probably, in the manure) or with the water containing fish, and they found appropriate living conditions. It cannot be excluded that the resting eggs of these species are widely spread in a temperate climate zone via natural (air currents, surface runoffs, dispersion with larger animals) or anthropogenic (long-distance transport of goods and people) means, but do not find favourable conditions for development and/or the creation of a stable population (e.g., due to long, cold winters). On the other hand, the taxa recorded in the Kraków greenhouse were not found in any previously studied palm houses (see
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F1C78CED7FAFE5498" author="Kolicka M. &amp; Kisielewski J. &amp; Nesteruk T. &amp; Zawierucha K." box="[1055,1291,725,751]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="231 - 279" part="3717" refId="ref22085" refString="Kolicka M., Kisielewski J., Nesteruk T. &amp; Zawierucha K. 2013. Gastrotricha from the Poznan Palm House - one new subgenus and three new species of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha). Zootaxa 3717 (2): 231 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3717.2.7" title="Gastrotricha from the Poznan Palm House - one new subgenus and three new species of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Kolicka
<emphasis id="33F2EAB8732C455F1CE1CED4FB495498" box="[1158,1212,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F1D7DCED7FF0E5565" author="Kolicka M." journalOrPublisher="Zoosystema" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="713 - 722" part="34" refId="ref21973" refString="Kolicka M. 2014. Gastrotricha Mecnikow, 1865 from Copenhagen Palm House - contribution to the knowledge of Lepidodermella intermedia Kanneby, Todaro &amp; Jondelius, 2012 (Chaetonotida, Gastrotricha). Zoosystema 34 (4): 713 - 722. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2014 n 4 a 1" title="Gastrotricha Mecnikow, 1865 from Copenhagen Palm House - contribution to the knowledge of Lepidodermella intermedia Kanneby, Todaro &amp; Jondelius, 2012 (Chaetonotida, Gastrotricha)" type="journal article" year="2014">Kolicka 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="65174B5B732C455F1962CEFAFEB15564" author="Kolicka M." box="[261,324,760,787]" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystema" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="141 - 155" part="38" refId="ref22032" refString="Kolicka M. 2016. Gastrotrichs in bromeliads - newly recorded Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) furcatus Kisielewski, 1991 (Chaetonotida) from the Lodz Palm House. Zoosystema 38 (1): 141 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2016 n 1 a 5" title="Gastrotrichs in bromeliads - newly recorded Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) furcatus Kisielewski, 1991 (Chaetonotida) from the Lodz Palm House" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
), which may suggest that the aquatic vegetation plays a crucial, habitat-forming role for these chaetonotids. This research could confirm that urban greenhouses may be considered as biodiversity hot-spots in a strongly industrialised world and that they provide conditions for communities composed of species from different habitats and world regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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