treatments-xml/data/FC/47/AD/FC47AD8442051425C02A88FFA46A83A0.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f06fa64-12e5-416c-8261-d8e1b330e8cb" ID-PMC="PMC5956031" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-756-1" ID-PubMed="29773959" ID-ZBK="83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-756-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 756" ModsDocTitle="Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia" checkinTime="1525927788324" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rix, Michael G., Huey, Joel A., Cooper, Steven J. B., Austin, Andrew D. &amp; Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2018" docId="FC47AD8442051425C02A88FFA46A83A0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 756: 1-121" docOrigin="ZooKeys 756" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397" docTitle="Idiosoma gutharuka Rix &amp; Harvey, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E2EC1EB4-4422-494E-9A8E-58468891C86D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="F86B8B0DFFFA8657FFF5FFC4FFCDFFAD" masterDocTitle="Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668165771019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rix, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huey, Joel A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cooper, Steven J. B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Austin, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>756</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-756-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143929124" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2EC1EB4-4422-494E-9A8E-58468891C86D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC47AD8442051425C02A88FFA46A83A0" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E2EC1EB4-4422-494E-9A8E-58468891C86D" authority="Rix &amp; Harvey" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma gutharuka" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gutharuka">Idiosoma gutharuka Rix &amp; Harvey</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="35" pageNumber="36">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 180-189, 190-192, 376
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Holotype male. Gutha (IBRA_AVW), Western Australia, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.992779">28°59'34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="115.93972">115°56'23&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, wet pitfall trap, 23 
<normalizedToken originalValue="May–">May-</normalizedToken>
17 September 1996, M.S. Harvey, J.M. Waldock (WAM T38517).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition derived from a contraction of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Gutha’">'Gutha'</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Pintharuka’">'Pintharuka'</normalizedToken>
, in reference to the region where this species has been found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma gutharuka" order="Araneae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gutharuka">Idiosoma gutharuka</taxonomicName>
is one of nine south-western Australian species in the intermedium- and sigillatum-clades which does not belong to the distinctive 'sigillate 
<normalizedToken originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
(Fig. 25); these nine species can be distinguished from those 'sigillate 
<normalizedToken originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
taxa (i.e., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. arenaceum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="arenaceum">I. arenaceum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. clypeatum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="clypeatum">I. clypeatum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dandaragan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="dandaragan">I. dandaragan</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kopejtkaorum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kopejtkaorum">I. kopejtkaorum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kwongan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kwongan">I. kwongan</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
) by the absence of well-defined lateral sclerotic strips on the male abdomen (e.g., Figs 151, 212, 234), and by the significantly less sclerotised morphology of the female abdomen (which may be strongly corrugate but never leathery and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘shield-like’">'shield-like'</normalizedToken>
) (e.g., Figs 4, 7, 8, 159, 220, 242). Males of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. gutharuka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="gutharuka">I. gutharuka</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. formosum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="formosum">I. formosum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. gardneri" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="gardneri">I. gardneri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. intermedium" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="intermedium">I. intermedium</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jarrah" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="jarrah">I. jarrah</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. mcclementsorum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mcclementsorum">I. mcclementsorum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. mcnamarai" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mcnamarai">I. mcnamarai</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sigillatum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="sigillatum">I. sigillatum</taxonomicName>
by the small size of the SP3 sclerites, which are only marginally larger than the SP2 sclerites (Fig. 186; cf. Figs 151, 173, 212, 234, 291, 313, 357), and by the absence of clearly visible SP4 sclerites (Fig. 186; cf. Figs 151, 173, 212, 234, 291, 313, 357); and from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. incomptum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="incomptum">I. incomptum</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the embolus, which is sharply tapering distally with a prominent longitudinal flange (Figs 190-192; cf. Figs 203-205). Males of this species can also be distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. corrugatum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="corrugatum">I. corrugatum</taxonomicName>
(from the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia) by the shape of the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, which are oriented longitudinally (Fig. 188; cf. Fig. 109). Females are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description (male holotype).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Total length 19.4. Carapace 8.6 long, 6.6 wide. Abdomen 8.1 long, 5.6 wide. Carapace (Fig. 180) tan, with darker ocular region and partial coating of dirt on dorsal surface; lateral margins with uniformly-spaced fringe of porrect black setae; fovea procurved. Eye group (Fig. 183) trapezoidal (anterior eye row strongly procurved), 0.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE/ALE–ALE">PLE-PLE/ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
ratio 2.1; ALE almost contiguous; AME separated by less than their own diameter; PME separated by 4.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their own diameter; PME and PLE separated by slightly more than diameter of PME, PME positioned in line with level of PLE. Maxillae and labium without cuspules. Abdomen (Figs 181, 186) oval, with thin coating of dirt on dorsal surface (obscuring most of underlying cuticle) and assortment of stiff, porrect black setae, each with slightly raised, dark brown sclerotic base. Posterior abdomen largely asigillate (Figs 181, 186); SP2 sclerites irregular, comma-shaped spots; SP3 sclerites only marginally larger than SP2 sclerites, each surrounded by pad of unsclerotised cuticle; SP4 and SP5 obscured. Legs (Figs 187-189) variable shades of tan, with light scopulae on tarsi 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
; distal tibia I with pair of large prolateral clasping spurs oriented longitudinally. Leg I: femur 7.8; patella 4.0; tibia 5.6; metatarsus 6.2; tarsus 3.4; total 27.0. Leg I 
<normalizedToken originalValue="femur–tarsus">femur-tarsus</normalizedToken>
/carapace length ratio 3.1. Pedipalpal tibia (Figs 190-192) 2.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; RTA burr-like, with conical basal protuberance and field of retroventral spinules; digital process porrect, unmodified. Cymbium (Figs 190-192) setose, with field of spinules disto-dorsally. Embolus (Figs 190-192) broadly twisted and sharply tapering distally, with prominent longitudinal flange and small triangular (sub-distal) embolic apophysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution and remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma gutharuka" order="Araneae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gutharuka">Idiosoma gutharuka</taxonomicName>
(formerly known by WAM identification code 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘MYG157’">'MYG157'</normalizedToken>
) is known only from Gutha, near Pintharuka in the north 
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">ern</pageBreakToken>
Wheatbelt bioregion of south-western Western Australia (Fig. 376). Only a single specimen has ever been collected, and nothing is known of its biology. Like 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. incomptum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="incomptum">I. incomptum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. gutharuka" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="gutharuka">I. gutharuka</taxonomicName>
exhibits a rudimentary, largely symplesiomorphic morphology between unmodified congeners and the more obviously phragmotic taxa in the clypeatum- and sigillatum-clades. It is most similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. incomptum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="incomptum">I. incomptum</taxonomicName>
, and the two are likely to be sister species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma gutharuka" order="Araneae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gutharuka">Idiosoma gutharuka</taxonomicName>
is known from only a single site in the northern Wheatbelt. Given: (i) this highly restricted geographic range; (ii) the sampling effort that has occurred in surrounding areas as a result of a major biotic survey (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Keighery, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 6" title="State Salinity Strategy biological survey of the Western Australian wheatbelt: background." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.67.2004.001-006" volume="67" year="2004">Keighery 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and a long history of incidental collecting; and (iii) the continuing decline in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat in the northern Wheatbelt agricultural zone (
<bibRefCitation author="Laurance, WF" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1472 - 1480" title="The ten Australian ecosystems most vulnerable to tipping points." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.016" volume="144" year="2011">Laurance et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), this species is considered Critically Endangered (B1ab[iii] + B2ab[iii]). Urgent close assessment under both Criteria A and B will be crucial to the continued survival of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>