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227 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095" ID-PMC="PMC4829797" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-570-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" ID-PubMed="27103878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579094" ID-ZooBank="CE0DA439F6F64DCF82255700A3C50098" ModsDocID="1313-2970-570-1" checkinTime="1457076378220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, David Allen" docDate="2016" docId="AED832D5A3DCA984214566F54793A954" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 570: 1-703" docOrigin="ZooKeys 570" docPubDate="2016-03-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095" docTitle="Latrodectus mactans" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" lastPageNumber="381" masterDocId="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Texas spiders" masterLastPageNumber="703" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="380" updateTime="1668162766282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Catalogue of Texas spiders</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, David Allen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">a-dean-ento@tamu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-03-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>570</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>703</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-570-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CE0DA439F6F64DCF82255700A3C50098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">579094</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127856259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AED832D5A3DCA984214566F54793A954" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AED832D5A3DCA984214566F54793A954" lastPageId="380" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="379" pageNumber="380">
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<subSubSection pageId="379" pageNumber="380" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="379" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AED832D5-A3DC-A984-2145-66F54793A954" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrodectus mactans" order="Araneae" pageId="379" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactans">Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="380" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="379" pageNumber="380" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph lastPageId="380" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="379" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrodectus mactans" order="Araneae" pageId="379" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactans">Latrodectus mactans</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Agnew, CW" pageId="432" pageNumber="433" publicationUrl="10.2307/3670651" refId="B4" refString="Agnew, CW, Dean, DA, Smith, Jr. JW, 1985. Spiders collected from peanuts and non-agricultural habitats in the Texas west cross-timbers. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 1-12. doi: 10.2307/3670651" title="Spiders collected from peanuts and non-agricultural habitats in the Texas west cross-timbers. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 1 - 12. doi:" url="10.2307/3670651" year="1985">Agnew et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, 5;
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<bibRefCitation author="Breene, RG" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" refId="B83" refString="Breene, RG, Sweet, MH, 1985. Evidence of insemination of multiple females by the male black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 13: 331-335." title="Evidence of insemination of multiple females by the male black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 13: 331 - 335." year="1985">Breene and Sweet 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 332;
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<bibRefCitation author="Breene, RG" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" publicationUrl="10.2307/3495799" refId="B87" refString="Breene, RG, Meagher, Jr. RL, Dean, DA, 1993b. Spiders (Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas sugarcane fields. Florida Entomologist 76: 645-650. doi: 10.2307/3495799" title="Spiders (Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas sugarcane fields. Florida Entomologist 76: 645 - 650. doi:" url="10.2307/3495799" year="1993 b">Breene et al. 1993b</bibRefCitation>
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: 648;
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<bibRefCitation author="Breene, RG" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" refId="B88" refString="Breene, RG, Dean, DA, Nyffeler, M, Edwards, GB, 1993c. Biology, predation ecology, and significance of spiders in Texas cotton ecosystems with a key to the species. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 1711, 115 pp." title="Biology, predation ecology, and significance of spiders in Texas cotton ecosystems with a key to the species. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 1711, 115 pp." year="1993 c">Breene et al. 1993c</bibRefCitation>
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: 27, 48, 56-57, mf (figs 23A-B, 24A-B);
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<bibRefCitation author="Brown, KM" pageId="437" pageNumber="438" refId="B101" refString="Brown, KM, 1974. A preliminary checklist of spiders of Nacogdoches, Texas. Journal of Arachnology 1: 229-240." title="A preliminary checklist of spiders of Nacogdoches, Texas. Journal of Arachnology 1: 229 - 240." year="1974">Brown 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 238;
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<bibRefCitation author="Calixto, AA" pageId="438" pageNumber="439" publicationUrl="10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.179" refId="B117" refString="Calixto, AA, Dean, A, Knutson, A, Ree, B, Harris, MK, 2013. Spiders in pecans in central Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 58: 179-191. doi: 10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.179" title="Spiders in pecans in central Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 58: 179 - 191. doi:" url="10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.179" year="2013">Calixto et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 184;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cokendolpher, JC" pageId="440" pageNumber="441" refId="B169" refString="Cokendolpher, JC, 1993. Masked chafers, Cyclocephala pasadenae Casey (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), are poisonous to spiders. Coleopterists Bulletin 47: 39-41." title="Masked chafers, Cyclocephala pasadenae Casey (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), are poisonous to spiders. Coleopterists Bulletin 47: 39 - 41." year="1993">Cokendolpher 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 39;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B208" refString="Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1987. Distribution and abundance patterns of spiders inhabiting cotton in Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 1566, 8 pp." title="Distribution and abundance patterns of spiders inhabiting cotton in Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 1566, 8 pp." year="1987">Dean and Sterling 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 6;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B209" refString="Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1990. Seasonal patterns of spiders captured in suction traps in eastern Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 15: 399-412." title="Seasonal patterns of spiders captured in suction traps in eastern Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 15: 399 - 412." year="1990">Dean and Sterling 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 401, 404;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B210" refString="Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1992. Comparison of sampling methods to predict phenology of predaceous arthropods in a cotton agroecosystem. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publication 1731, 13 pp." title="Comparison of sampling methods to predict phenology of predaceous arthropods in a cotton agroecosystem. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publication 1731, 13 pp." year="1992">Dean and Sterling 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 3-4;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B211" refString="Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, Horner, NV, 1982. Spiders in eastern Texas cotton fields. Journal of Arachnology 10: 251-260." title="Spiders in eastern Texas cotton fields. Journal of Arachnology 10: 251 - 260." year="1982">Dean et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 254;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B206" refString="Dean, DA, Nyffeler, M, Sterling, WL, 1988. Natural enemies of spiders: mud dauber wasps in east Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 13: 283-290." title="Natural enemies of spiders: mud dauber wasps in east Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 13: 283 - 290." year="1988">Dean et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 285-286;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" pageId="446" pageNumber="447" refId="B281" refString="Gertsch, WJ, 1939b. Report on a collection of Arachnida from the Chisos Mountains. Contributions of the Baylor University Museum 24: 17-26." title="Report on a collection of Arachnida from the Chisos Mountains. Contributions of the Baylor University Museum 24: 17 - 26." year="1939 b">Gertsch 1939b</bibRefCitation>
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: 24;
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<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, JA" pageId="451" pageNumber="452" refId="B378" refString="Jackman, JA, 1997. A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." title="A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." year="1997">Jackman 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 54, 56, desc., 169 (photo 18f);
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<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SE" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B388" refString="Jones, SE, 1936. The Araneida of Dallas County: preliminary note. Field and Laboratory (Dallas) 4: 68-70." title="The Araneida of Dallas County: preliminary note. Field and Laboratory (Dallas) 4: 68 - 70." year="1936">Jones 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 69;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kagan, M" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B392" refString="Kagan, M, 1942. The Araneida found on cotton in central Texas. MS thesis, A. and M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas." title="The Araneida found on cotton in central Texas. MS thesis, A. and M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas." year="1942">Kagan 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 17;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kagan, M" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" publicationUrl="10.1093/aesa/36.2.257" refId="B393" refString="Kagan, M, 1943. The Araneida found on cotton in central Texas. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 36: 257-258. doi: 10.1093/aesa/36.2.257" title="The Araneida found on cotton in central Texas. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 36: 257 - 258. doi:" url="10.1093/aesa/36.2.257" year="1943">Kagan 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 258;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaston, BJ" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B397" refString="Kaston, BJ, 1970. Comparative biology of American black widow spiders. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 16: 33-82." title="Comparative biology of American black widow spiders. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 16: 33 - 82." year="1970">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="380" pageNumber="381" start="start">Kaston</pageBreakToken>
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1970
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 37 [S], mf, desc. (figs 2, 3, 4a, 4c, 5, 12, 13a-d, g, i, k);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaston, BJ" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B398" refString="Kaston, BJ, 1972. How to know the spiders, second edition, Dubuque, Iowa, 289 pp." title="How to know the spiders, second edition, Dubuque, Iowa, 289 pp." year="1972">Kaston 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 101, desc. (figs 225-227);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaston, BJ" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B400" refString="Kaston, BJ, 1978. How to know the spiders, third edition, William C. Brown Company, Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 272 pp." title="How to know the spiders, third edition, William C. Brown Company, Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 272 pp." year="1978">Kaston 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 100, desc. (figs 243-245);
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi, HW" pageId="454" pageNumber="455" publicationUrl="10.2307/3223799" refId="B433" refString="Levi, HW, 1959c. The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 78: 7-43. doi: 10.2307/3223799" title="The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 78: 7 - 43. doi:" url="10.2307/3223799" year="1959 c">Levi 1959c</bibRefCitation>
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: 24, mf, desc. (figs 1, 5-7, 15, 19-21, 53-67, 72-79);
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi, HW" pageId="455" pageNumber="456" refId="B445" refString="Levi, HW, 1967. Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175-186." title="Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175 - 186." year="1967">Levi 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 185;
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<bibRefCitation author="Milstead, WW" pageId="459" pageNumber="460" refId="B515" refString="Milstead, WW, 1958. A list of the arthropods found in the stomachs of whiptail lizards from four stations in southwestern Texas. Texas Journal of Science 10: 443-446." title="A list of the arthropods found in the stomachs of whiptail lizards from four stations in southwestern Texas. Texas Journal of Science 10: 443 - 446." year="1958">Milstead 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 445;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nyffeler, M" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" publicationUrl="10.1093/ee/23.5.1294" refId="B538" refString="Nyffeler, M, Sterling, WL, 1994. Comparison of the feeding niche of polyphagous insectivores (Araneae) in a Texas cotton plantation: estimates of niche breadth and overlap. Environmental Entomology 23: 1294-1303. doi: 10.1093/ee/23.5.1294" title="Comparison of the feeding niche of polyphagous insectivores (Araneae) in a Texas cotton plantation: estimates of niche breadth and overlap. Environmental Entomology 23: 1294 - 1303. doi:" url="10.1093/ee/23.5.1294" year="1994">Nyffeler and Sterling 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 1295, 1298;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nyffeler, M" pageId="460" pageNumber="461" refId="B526" refString="Nyffeler, M, Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1986. Feeding habits of the spiders Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer) and Lycosa rabida Walckenaer. Southwestern Entomologist 11: 195-201." title="Feeding habits of the spiders Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer) and Lycosa rabida Walckenaer. Southwestern Entomologist 11: 195 - 201." year="1986">Nyffeler et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 200;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nyffeler, M" pageId="460" pageNumber="461" publicationUrl="10.1007/BF02372445" refId="B529" refString="Nyffeler, M, Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1987c. Feeding ecology of the orb-weaving spider Argiope aurantia [Araneae: Araneidae], in a cotton agroecosystem. Entomophaga 32: 367-375. doi: 10.1007/BF02372445" title="Feeding ecology of the orb-weaving spider Argiope aurantia [Araneae: Araneidae], in a cotton agroecosystem. Entomophaga 32: 367 - 375. doi:" url="10.1007/BF02372445" year="1987 c">Nyffeler et al. 1987c</bibRefCitation>
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: 370;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nyffeler, M" pageId="460" pageNumber="461" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00563.x" refId="B530" refString="Nyffeler, M, Dean, DA, Sterling, WL, 1988a. The southern black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae), as a predator of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), in Texas cotton fields. Journal of Applied Entomology 106: 52-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00563.x" title="The southern black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae), as a predator of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), in Texas cotton fields. Journal of Applied Entomology 106: 52 - 57. doi:" url="10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00563.x" year="1988 a">Nyffeler et al. 1988a</bibRefCitation>
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: 55;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nyffeler, M" pageId="460" pageNumber="461" publicationUrl="10.1093/ee/21.5.1178" refId="B537" refString="Nyffeler, M, Sterling, WL, Dean, DA, 1992a. Impact of the striped lynx spider (Araneae: Oxyopidae) and other natural enemies on the cotton fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Texas cotton. Environmental Entomology 21: 1178-1188. doi: 10.1093/ee/21.5.1178" title="Impact of the striped lynx spider (Araneae: Oxyopidae) and other natural enemies on the cotton fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Texas cotton. Environmental Entomology 21: 1178 - 1188. doi:" url="10.1093/ee/21.5.1178" year="1992 a">Nyffeler et al. 1992a</bibRefCitation>
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: 1181;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B637" refString="Reddell, JR, 1964. The caves of Comal County, Texas Speleological Survey 2 (2): 1-60." title="The caves of Comal County, Texas Speleological Survey 2 (2): 1 - 60." year="1964">Reddell 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 37;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B638" refString="Reddell, JR, 1965. A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. I. The Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta). Texas Journal of Science 17: 143-187." title="A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. I. The Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta). Texas Journal of Science 17: 143 - 187." year="1965">Reddell 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 177;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B639" refString="Reddell, JR, 1967. The caves of Medina County. Texas Speleological Survey 3 (1): 1-58." title="The caves of Medina County. Texas Speleological Survey 3 (1): 1 - 58." year="1967">Reddell 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 34, 54;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B640" refString="Reddell, JR, 1970. A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. IV. Additional records of Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta). Texas Journal of Science 21: 389-415." title="A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. IV. Additional records of Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta). Texas Journal of Science 21: 389 - 415." year="1970">Reddell 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 408;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B641" refString="Reddell, JR, 1973. The caves of San Saba County. Texas Speleological Survey, 2nd edition, 3 (7-8): 1-127." title="The caves of San Saba County. Texas Speleological Survey, 2 nd edition, 3 (7 - 8): 1 - 127." year="1973">Reddell 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 41;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reddell, JR" pageId="465" pageNumber="466" refId="B643" refString="Reddell, JR, Cokendolpher, JC, 2004. The cave spiders (Araneae) of Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas. Texas Memorial Museum, Speleological Monographs 6: 75-94." title="The cave spiders (Araneae) of Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas. Texas Memorial Museum, Speleological Monographs 6: 75 - 94." year="2004">Reddell and Cokendolpher 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 93;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rogers, CE" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" publicationUrl="10.1093/ee/6.4.523" refId="B681" refString="Rogers, CE, Horner, NV, 1977. Spiders of guar in Texas and Oklahoma. Environmental Entomology 6: 523-524. doi: 10.1093/ee/6.4.523" title="Spiders of guar in Texas and Oklahoma. Environmental Entomology 6: 523 - 524. doi:" url="10.1093/ee/6.4.523" year="1977">Rogers and Horner 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 523;
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||
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<bibRefCitation author="Taber, SW" pageId="469" pageNumber="470" refId="B724" refString="Taber, SW, Fleenor, SB, 2003. Insects of the Texas Lost Pines. Number 33. W. L. Moody, Jr., Natural History Series. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas, first edition, Chapter 14." title="Insects of the Texas Lost Pines. Number 33. W. L. Moody, Jr., Natural History Series. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, first edition, Chapter 14." year="2003">Taber and Fleenor 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 237;
|
||
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<bibRefCitation author="Vogel, BR" pageId="471" pageNumber="472" refId="B759" refString="Vogel, BR, 1970b. Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1-36." title="Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1 - 36." year="1970 b">Vogel 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
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: 24;
|
||
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Young, OP" pageId="473" pageNumber="474" refId="B786" refString="Young, OP, Edwards, GB, 1990. Spiders in United States field crops and their potential effect on crop pests. Journal of Arachnology 18: 1-27." title="Spiders in United States field crops and their potential effect on crop pests. Journal of Arachnology 18: 1 - 27." year="1990">Young and Edwards 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
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: 23;
|
||
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, D" pageId="473" pageNumber="474" publicationUrl="10.1636/H02-51" refId="B789" refString="Zhang, D, Cook, WB, Horner, NV, 2004. Its2 rDNA variation of two black widow species, Latrodectus mactans and Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 32: 349-352. doi: 10.1636/H02-51" title="Its 2 rDNA variation of two black widow species, Latrodectus mactans and Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 32: 349 - 352. doi:" url="10.1636/H02-51" year="2004">Zhang et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
: 349 [
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Levi, HW" pageId="455" pageNumber="456" refId="B445" refString="Levi, HW, 1967. Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175-186." title="Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175 - 186." year="1967">Levi 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
: 185, mf (figs 60-62)]
|
||
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</paragraph>
|
||
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<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">
|
||
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|
<taxonomicName authority="mactans" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrodectus mactans subsp. mactans" order="Araneae" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mactans" subSpecies="mactans">Latrodectus mactans mactans</taxonomicName>
|
||
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Fabricius, 1775;
|
||
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Chamberlin, RV" pageId="439" pageNumber="440" refId="B148" refString="Chamberlin, RV, Ivie, W, 1935a. The black widow spider and its varieties in the United States. Bulletin of the University of Utah 25(8): 1-29." title="The black widow spider and its varieties in the United States. Bulletin of the University of Utah 25 (8): 1 - 29." year="1935 a">Chamberlin and Ivie 1935a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
: 13, mf, desc. (figs 2, 5, 19-20, 22);
|
||
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<bibRefCitation author="Keegan, HL" pageId="453" pageNumber="454" publicationUrl="10.2307/2422183" refId="B401" refString="Keegan, HL, 1955. Spiders of genus Latrodectus. American Midland Naturalist 54: 142-152. doi: 10.2307/2422183" title="Spiders of genus Latrodectus. American Midland Naturalist 54: 142 - 152. doi:" url="10.2307/2422183" year="1955">Keegan 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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: 148;
|
||
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<bibRefCitation author="Vogel, BR" pageId="471" pageNumber="472" refId="B759" refString="Vogel, BR, 1970b. Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1-36." title="Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1 - 36." year="1970 b">Vogel 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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: 24
|
||
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
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<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">
|
||
|
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridium lineamentum" order="Araneae" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineamentum">Theridium lineamentum</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
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McCook, 1879;
|
||
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<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" pageId="433" pageNumber="434" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" refId="B26" refString="Banks, N, 1910. Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1-80. doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" title="Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1 - 80. doi:" url="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" year="1910">Banks 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
: 24
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
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<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="distribution">
|
||
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<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
|
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<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Widespread; Bailey, Bexar, Brazos, Brewster, Brown, Burnet, Cameron, Childress, Clay, Comal, Comanche, Coryell, Dallam, Dallas, Edwards, Erath, Frio, Hardeman, Harris, Hidalgo, Houston, Jack, Kimble, Lamar, Limestone, Lubbock, McLennan, Medina, Nacogdoches, Presidio, Randall, Robertson, San Jacinto, San Patricio, San Saba, Shelby, Stonewall, Sutton, Terrell, Travis, Walker, Webb, Wichita, Williamson, Wise</paragraph>
|
||
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
|
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<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="locality">
|
||
|
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<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Locality.</paragraph>
|
||
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|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, Bill Haney Pecan Orchard, Blackstone Ranch, Camp Arrowmoon, Chisos Basin, Chisos Mountains, Ellis Prison Unit, Holmes Pecan Orchard, Inks Lake State Park, La Mota Mountains, Lick Creek Park, Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, Stiles Farm Foundation, Welder Wildlife Refuge</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="caves">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Caves.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Bexar</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Strange Little Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Childress</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Black Hand Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Comal</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Little Brehmmer-Heidrich Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Edwards</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Punkin Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Hardeman</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Short Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Medina</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Ney Cave, Weynand Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Randall</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Big Rock Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">San Saba</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Dove Cave);
|
||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Stonewall</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(Aspermont Bat Cave)
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="time of activity">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Time of activity.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Male (March - September, November); female (February - December)</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="habitat">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">
|
||
|
|
(crops: cotton, guar, peanuts, sugarcane); (grass: grassland); (landscape features: cave, under stones); (nest/prey: mud dauber nest [mf], stomach of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnemidophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnemidophorus perplexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Cnemidophorus perplexus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, stomach of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnemidophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnemidophorus sacki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacki">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Cnemidophorus sacki</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, stomach of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnemidophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnemidophorus tessellatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Cnemidophorus tessellatus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); (orchard: pecan); (plants: vegetation); (soil/woodland: clay soil brushland, hackberry woodland, live oak woodland, post oak savanna, post oak savanna with pasture, sandy brushland, sandy open prairie, tree,
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="380" pageNumber="381" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Quercus virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); (structures: barn, base of building, roof, storeroom, under porch, top of cellar doorway near entrance, warehouse)
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="method">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Method.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Beating [m]; beating/sweeping [m]; cardboard band [imm.]; D-Vac suction [m]; pitfall trap [mf]; suction trap [m]; sweeping [m]</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="type">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Type.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">America</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="etymology">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Latin, unfavorable behavior, dangerous</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="380" pageNumber="381" type="collection">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">Collection.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="380" pageNumber="381">DMNS, JCC, MSU, TAMU, TMM, TTU</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|