treatments-xml/data/80/41/E1/8041E10F1733FFC6BE8C84E7FDB9356E.xml

<document id="A245FA7EAE457464EEB4495872CE4DC2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195240" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8db4da1-af24-4ae9-9779-bc97afe44cd8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195240" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460224989581" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Staude, Hermann S." docDate="2010" docId="8041E10F1733FFC6BE8C84E7FDB9356E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02453p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2453" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Isoplenodia arabukoensis Sihvonen &amp; Staude, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="7C789977173AFFCABE1B8254FFCB3352" masterDocTitle="Revision of Isoplenodia Prout, 1932 with new records from continental Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698238167377" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="380F8BC8E327BB71478B217B833C787F">Revision of Isoplenodia Prout, 1932 with new records from continental Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="14C11B475CE5FDA73D9BD489B034AAAD">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6055DD92FBFEF12A10F93522FFDA19F6">Staude, Hermann S.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="085750191733FFC3BE8C84E7FCC6359F" blockId="9.[151,781,1715,1776]" box="[151,781,1715,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1733FFC3BE8C84E7FE06359F" box="[151,461,1715,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1733FFC3BE8C84E7FE06359F" bold="true" box="[151,461,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Isoplenodia arabukoensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21AF31701733FFC3BFCF84E7FDDD359F" box="[468,534,1715,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sihvonen &amp; Staude
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<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1733FFC3BE8C8482FECE35A2" box="[151,261,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 8" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,187,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[163,1425,182,1437]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 8. Adults of Isoplenodia spp. Diagnostic features indicated. 2. I. arrogans Prout male, Madagascar, early October 1934 (BMNH). 3. I. arrogans Prout female (syntype), Madagascar, February – April (BMNH). Photo courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. 4. I. vidalensis male (holotype), South Africa, 13 November 1999 (TMP). 5. I. vidalensis female (paratype), South Africa, 13 November 1999 (HSS). 6. I. kisubiensis male (holotype), Uganda, 25 November 2005 (TMP). 7. I. arabukoensis male (holotype), Kenya, 21 July 2002 (TMP). 8. I. arabukoensis female (paratype), 21 July 2002 (HSS). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195242/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1733FFC3BF088482FE9435A2" box="[275,351,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,274,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[187,1424,185,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1433,152,1624]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Male genitalia of Isoplenodia spp. Diagnostic features indicated. 15. I. kisubiensis (holotype), genitalia. Prep. No. 1326 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 16. I. kisubiensis (holotype), 8 th sternite. Prep. No. 1326 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 17. I. kisubiensis (holotype), aedeagus. Prep. No. 1326 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 18. I. arabukoensis (holotype), genitalia. Prep. No. 1329 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 19. I. arabukoensis (holotype), 8 th sternite. Prep. No. 1329 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 20. I. arabukoensis (holotype), aedeagus. Prep. No. 1329 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">18–20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1733FFC3BF718482FE7F35A2" box="[362,436,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,190,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[291,1306,190,1710]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 29. Female genitalia of Isoplenodia spp. Diagnostic features indicated. 21. I. arrogans Prout (syntype), genitalia. Geometridae genitalia slide No. 22584 (BMNH). Photo courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. 22. I. arrogans Prout (syntype), ostium bursae. Geometridae genitalia slide No. 22584 (BMNH). Photo courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. 23. I. arrogans Prout (syntype), corpus bursae. Geometridae genitalia slide No. 22584 (BMNH). Photo courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. 24. I. vidalensis (paratype), genitalia. Prep. No. 1232 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 25. I. vidalensis (paratype), ostium bursae. Prep. No. 1232 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 26. I. vidalensis (paratype), corpus bursae. Prep. No. 1232 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 27. I. arabukoensis (paratype), genitalia. Prep. No. 1327 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 28. I. arabukoensis (paratype), ostium bursae. Prep. No. 1327 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 29. I. arabukoensis (paratype), corpus bursae. Prep. No. 1327 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195245/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">27–29</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1733FFC3BE8C8574FE583468" bold="true" box="[151,403,1824,1850]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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: 3, labelled: “ 
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<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1733FFC3BD768575FB563468" box="[877,1181,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1733FFC3BD768575FB563468" box="[877,1181,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Isoplenodia arabukoensis</emphasis>
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/ Sihvonen &amp; Staude [red rectangular label]; 
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, Gedi, Arabuko / Sokoke Forest Reserve, / mixed sand forest, / 
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, / 
<date id="7C5676D91733FFC3BF0F853FFE5434D7" box="[276,415,1899,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" value="2002-07-21">21-07-2002</date>
, H. S. / Staude; Genitalia prep. / No. 1329 / Pasi Sihvonen [blue rectangular label); [in 
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<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1733FFC3BD1485C5FBF634F8" box="[783,1085,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Isoplenodia arabukoensis</emphasis>
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/ Sihvonen &amp; Staude [yellow rectangular label]; 
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, H. S. / Staude; Genitalia prep. / No. 1327 / Pasi Sihvonen [blue rectangular label]&quot;, &quot; 
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/ 
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<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1730FFC0BF4F82CCFD5933E3" box="[340,658,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Isoplenodia arabukoensis</emphasis>
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/ Sihvonen &amp; Staude [yellow rectangular label]; 
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, Gedi, Arabuko / Sokoke Forest Reserve, / mixed sand forest, / 
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, H. S. / Staude; Genitalia prep. / No. 1328 / Pasi Sihvonen [blue rectangular label]&quot;. 
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are in 
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. Other specimens: 1 3: &quot;Aberfoyle / Honde Valley [
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] / 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891730FFC0BD13835CFC633270" box="[776,936,264,290]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
/ 0 1 / [in the label] 10 / [in the label] [19] 94 / N J Duke [in 
<collectionCode id="6EF9C8DC1730FFC0BF7D8379FE603215" box="[358,427,301,327]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4q52-xvg6" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">TMP</collectionCode>
]&quot;; 1 3: &quot;ABERFOYLE / 
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VALLEY / 
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/ 18.10.[19] 90 / N J Duke [in 
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<specimenCount id="1EEE9B901730FFC0BF398306FEBC323E" box="[290,375,338,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Vumba [forest][
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, 
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] / S. 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891730FFC0BD4D8306FC0F323E" box="[854,964,338,364]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891730FFC0BDC98306FB9D323E" box="[978,1110,338,364]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
] / 
<date id="7C5676D91730FFC0BA6D8306FB18323E" box="[1142,1235,338,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" value="1975-05-10">10-5-75</date>
/ N. J. Duke; [in 
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]&quot;; 2 3: &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891730FFC0BF50832CFE7832C0" box="[331,435,376,402]" name="Rwanda" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
, South Western, / Nyungwe Forest Reserve, / Uwinka, / 
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/ [in the label] 
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/ 
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, / 20–23 / [in the label] 6 / [in the label] 2009 / H. S. Staude [in 
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]&quot;; 1 Ƥ: &quot; 
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, South Western, / Nyungwe Forest Reserve, / Uwinka, / 
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/ [in the label] 
<geoCoordinate id="6DDC36DE1730FFC0BA798396FB23328E" box="[1122,1256,450,476]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" precision="15" value="29.202501">29°12'09''E</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<quantity id="CF10FDFC1730FFC0BAE48396FA9F328E" box="[1279,1364,450,476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450m</quantity>
, / 20– 23 / [in the label] 6 / [in the label] 2009 / H. S. Staude [in 
<collectionCode id="6EF9C8DC1730FFC0BD2683BCFCB03150" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15385" box="[829,891,488,514]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15385" name="Research Centre of La Orden-Valdesequera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">HSS</collectionCode>
]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5C9700911730FFC0BE8C8511FB0934CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195248/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1434,563,1838]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="085750191730FFC0BE8C8511FB0934CF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1861,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1730FFC0BE8C8511FEA9340F" bold="true" box="[151,354,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 36–37.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1730FFC0BC5D8512FD3B340F" box="[582,752,1862,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1730FFC0BC5D8512FD3B340F" box="[582,752,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">I. arabukoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 36. Female (paratype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002. Prep. 1327/Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 37. Female, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20–23 June 2009. Prep. 1496/Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). The adults of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 34, 35.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5C9700911731FFC1BE8C842EFA5635A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,197,1635]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="085750191731FFC1BE8C842EFA5635A3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1658,1777]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1731FFC1BE8C842EFEA335C0" bold="true" box="[151,360,1658,1682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 38–40.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1731FFC1BC27842EFD2635C3" box="[572,749,1658,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1731FFC1BC27842EFD2635C3" box="[572,749,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">I. arabukoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 38. Male (holotype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002. Prep. No. 1329/Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 39. Male, Zimbabwe, Honde Valley, Aberfoyle, 18 October 1990. Prep. No. 1393/Pasi Sihvonen (TMP); genitalic capsule is angled. 40. Male, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20–23 June 2009. Prep. 1495/Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). The adults of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 31–33.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="40F203921731FFC6BEDD854BFF3C30CE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="085750191731FFC6BEDD854BFF3C30CE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1823,2037]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,1596]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1731FFC1BEDD854BFE9C346B" bold="true" box="[198,343,1823,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
(based on 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891731FFC1BFC78574FDFC3468" box="[476,567,1824,1850]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Kenyan</collectingCountry>
material): Wings. Male wingspan male 
<quantity id="CF10FDFC1731FFC1BA3A8574FBBE3468" box="[1057,1141,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
(forewing length 
<quantity id="CF10FDFC1731FFC1BB578574FA5F3468" box="[1356,1428,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
) (n=2); female 
<quantity id="CF10FDFC1731FFC1BF5E8511FE0D340D" box="[325,454,1861,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
(forewing length 
<quantity id="CF10FDFC1731FFC1BCB98511FCC3340D" box="[674,776,1861,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
) (n=6). Females are larger and ground color is lighter. Wings straw brown, markings dark brown (males) or slightly darker brown than ground color (females). Forewing costa rust brown; antemedial and postmedial lines narrow, sharp, angled; postmedial line of forewing near costa slightly angled towards wing apex; medial line weak; terminal area dark brown; terminal line dark brown; fringes straw brown, unicolorous; lines continued on the hindwings. Discal spots dark, large in all wings. Wings colored below as above, slightly tinted with red, dark brown markings missing, discal spots weaker. Markings similar in females, except lines more diffuse, terminal area not dark brown as in male. Head. Labial palpi short, upturned, light brown. Proboscis short. Frons and vertex rust brown, smooth scaled; collar rust brown. Dorsal surface of the antennae rust brown at base, lighter towards apex. Male antennae bipectinate; female antennae fasciculate. Thorax. Concolorous with wings; legs concolorous with wings, partially rust brown; foreleg tibial spurs absent; midleg tibia with two terminal spurs, of unequal length; male hindleg tibia slightly enlarged, without hair pencils and spurs; tarsomeres of male hindleg tarsus fused, pretarsus absent; female hindleg tibia with two terminal spurs. Abdomen. Concolorous with thorax and wings. Tympanal organs large, round almost joined medially; ansa wide at base, expanding, narrowest below hammer-headed apex. Sternites 3–7 of male weakly sclerotized, unmodified; anterior margin of male sternite 8 medially concave; base rather well developed (high); mappa bare, round; cerata present, symmetrical, slightly curved, apical brushes absent; tergites 2–8 of male weakly sclerotized, unmodified. Female sclerites undifferentiated. Male genitalia. Small, fused, roundish. Uncus absent; socii present as a group of setae only; dorsal lobe of valva (valvula) soft, setose, long; ventral lobe of valva (sacculus) rudimentary, upturned medially, sacculus margin covered with short setae, short coremata laterally; juxta weakly sclerotized, with narrow wing-like processes; vinculum wide, u-shaped. Aedeagus rather thick, bent ventrally less than 90 degrees; caecum long, round; distinct, keel-shaped extension in ventral part; vesica unsclerotized. Female genitalia. Papillae anales soft, setose; apophyses posteriores slightly longer than apophyses anteriores; region around ostium bursae weakly sclerotized; proximal part of ductus bursae narrow, then wider, ball-shaped; ductus seminalis membranous, opens from ductus bursae laterally; corpus bursae elongated; partially weakly spinose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40F203921736FFC6BEDD81F3FF2030B5" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="085750191736FFC6BEDD81F3FF2030B5" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1736FFC6BEDD81F3FE983093" bold="true" box="[198,339,935,961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1736FFC6BFC481FCFDB03093" box="[479,635,936,961]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1736FFC6BFC481FCFDB03093" box="[479,635,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">arabukoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the 
<typeStatus id="D753EEBB1736FFC6BD6381FCFC613090" box="[888,938,936,962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality, Arabuko Sokoke National Park, 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BE8C8199FF2C30B5" box="[151,231,973,999]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Kenya</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40F203921736FFC6BEDD81A6FBA937F0" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="085750191736FFC6BEDD81A6FBA937F0" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1736FFC6BEDD81A6FE33375E" bold="true" box="[198,504,1010,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Biology and distribution</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CFE82B9A1736FFC6BC1C81A6FD773759" box="[519,700,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Isoplenodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabukoensis">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1736FFC6BC1C81A6FD773759" box="[519,700,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">I. arabukoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the 
<typeStatus id="D753EEBB1736FFC6BDBF81A6FC1D375E" box="[932,982,1010,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality in southeast 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BACA81A6FAEA375E" box="[1233,1313,1010,1036]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BB2D81A6FA45375E" box="[1334,1422,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="15.[151,256,1123,1147]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,370,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[226,1360,370,1109]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 43. Type locality habitat of Isoplenodia arabukoensis: southeastern Kenya, Arabuko Sokoke National Park. Photo H. S. Staude." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195252/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
); the Honde Valley, 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BF67864CFDC93760" box="[380,514,1048,1074]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
; and the Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BDA2864CFBD63760" box="[953,1053,1048,1074]" name="Rwanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BA35864CFB403760" box="[1070,1163,1048,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1009,1033]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,189,987]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[224,1363,189,988]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 41. Map of Africa and Madagascar displaying the known distribution of Isoplenodia species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195250/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). This species may be associated with (wet) forest or marsh mosaic habitats. The three known populations of this species are isolated from each other. The Arabuko Sokoke National Park in 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BD3E8636FCB9372E" box="[805,882,1122,1148]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Kenya</collectingCountry>
is under threat of slash and burn practises, thus placing the population in a vulnerable position. The immature stages are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40F203921736FFC6BEDD86F9FDB9356E" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="085750191736FFC6BEDD86F9FDB9356E" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3A9C8C0B1736FFC6BEDD86F9FEF33795" bold="true" box="[198,312,1197,1223]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
. Three specimens from the eastern highlands of 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BDA686F9FBF53795" box="[957,1086,1197,1223]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, and three specimens from Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BFC88686FDFF37BE" box="[467,564,1234,1260]" name="Rwanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
are larger and colored differently from the straw brown 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BACC8686FAF837BE" box="[1239,1331,1234,1260]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Kenyan</collectingCountry>
material (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BEBB86ACFEFF3640" box="[160,308,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,272,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[501,1095,898,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[491,1096,882,1464]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. External variation in I. arabukoensis. 31. Male (holotype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (TMP). 32. Male, Zimbabwe, Honde Valley, Aberfoyle, 18 October 1990 (TMP). 33. Male, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). 34. Female (paratype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (HSS). 35. Female, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). The genitalia of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 36 – 40. See text for elaboration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195247/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Figs. 31, 34</figureCitation>
), although the maculation is generally similar. The forewing apex of 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BA6086ACFB303640" box="[1147,1275,1272,1298]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
specimens is yellowish, the transverse posterior line is distinct, rather smooth, and the discal spots are rather weak (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BB708749FF72360E" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,272,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[501,1095,898,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[491,1096,882,1464]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. External variation in I. arabukoensis. 31. Male (holotype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (TMP). 32. Male, Zimbabwe, Honde Valley, Aberfoyle, 18 October 1990 (TMP). 33. Male, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). 34. Female (paratype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (HSS). 35. Female, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). The genitalia of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 36 – 40. See text for elaboration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195247/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
); the 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BEE78716FE95360E" box="[252,350,1346,1372]" name="Rwanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
specimens are greenish (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BC948716FCE8360E" box="[655,803,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,272,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[501,1095,898,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[491,1096,882,1464]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. External variation in I. arabukoensis. 31. Male (holotype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (TMP). 32. Male, Zimbabwe, Honde Valley, Aberfoyle, 18 October 1990 (TMP). 33. Male, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). 34. Female (paratype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002 (HSS). 35. Female, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009 (HSS). The genitalia of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 36 – 40. See text for elaboration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195247/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Figs. 33, 35</figureCitation>
). There are small differences between these various populations in the curvature of the male aedeagus and shape of the keel-shaped appendix of the aedeagus, but otherwise the male and female genitalia, including the male 8th sternite, are generally similar (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BAE687D9FA5B36F5" box="[1277,1424,1421,1447]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 36 – 37" captionStart-1="FIGURES 38 – 40" captionStartId-0="10.[151,272,1861,1885]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,275,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,563,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,197,1635]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,563,1840]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,197,1637]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 36 – 37. Female genitalia of I. arabukoensis. 36. Female (paratype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002. Prep. 1327 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). 37. Female, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009. Prep. 1496 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). The adults of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 34, 35." captionText-1="FIGURES 38 – 40. Male genitalia of I. arabukoensis. 38. Male (holotype), Kenya, Gedi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, 21 July 2002. Prep. No. 1329 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP). 39. Male, Zimbabwe, Honde Valley, Aberfoyle, 18 October 1990. Prep. No. 1393 / Pasi Sihvonen (TMP); genitalic capsule is angled. 40. Male, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest Reserve, 20 – 23 June 2009. Prep. 1495 / Pasi Sihvonen (HSS). The adults of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 31 – 33." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195248/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195249/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Figs. 36–40</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia capsule width, length and aedeagus length appear to correlate weakly with forewing length (not tested statistically due to small number of specimens), appearing approximately the same in all specimens (
<figureCitation id="90D34C9C1736FFC6BE8487A9FF323545" box="[159,249,1533,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,1108,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[168,1419,1108,1751]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 42. Correlation between male forewing length and three male genitalic characters in Isoplenodia arabukoensis. Genitalic height = maximum distance between tegumen and saccus margins; genitalic width = maximum distance between genitalic capsule margins; aedeagus length = maximum distance from the apex to the caecum. Based on specimens from Kenya (PS 1329), Zimbabwe (PS 1392, PS 1393) and Rwanda (PS 1495)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195251/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). The status of the 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BFC787A9FD963545" box="[476,605,1533,1559]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BC7187A9FD013545" box="[618,714,1533,1559]" name="Rwanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="70FF10891736FFC6BD1E87A9FC993545" box="[773,850,1533,1559]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Kenya</collectingCountry>
populations remains to be investigated in greater detail; DNA analysis is highly desirable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>