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<mods:title id="4DA89F2B74E6BB8373081C28E85AE641">Morphological and molecular studies on Gelidiaceae and Gelidiellaceae (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil with description of the new species Gelidium calidum</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1411026C3BD7BC4E5C064711BA7A461E">Jamas, Mayra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0F02F6463E078624229201C9ECAF142F">Postgraduate Program “ Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente ”, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, São Paulo 04301 - 902, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9582E84086FB7841DF1DFDB6B689D913">Iha, Cintia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F7C3A5FAEE37CD3D7EF81946074D9C0F">Departament of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508 - 090, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5DA190F62AEC410A64DC8AEF5D45C826">Oliveira, Mariana C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="474691897EE896D3A4C5C10234C1C8EA">Departament of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508 - 090, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D1E0B85F949FBF20BC6EF11719AAE2F">Guimarães, Silvia M. P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC2984CF31FB77B2FAD97AC9DA442A80">Fujii, Mutue T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2CDE39439F7D4579D03A902E7A1AA18B">Institute of Botany, Research Center in Phycology, São Paulo, São Paulo 04301 - 902, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BA836A1BC60FFA2FF3A8DC29B05F916" blockId="9.[136,517,1677,1704]" box="[136,517,1677,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D22BC60FFA2FF3A8DC29B05F916" authority="W. R. Taylor" authorityName="W. R. Taylor" authorityYear="1943" box="[136,517,1677,1704]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gelidiaceae" genus="Gelidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nemaliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="floridanum">
<emphasis id="B963EAB3BC60FFA2FF3A8DC2987DF916" bold="true" box="[136,381,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Gelidium floridanum</emphasis>
W.R.Taylor
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<paragraph id="8BA836A1BC60FFA2FF3A8DFC983BF972" blockId="9.[136,315,1715,1740]" box="[136,315,1715,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FF3A8DFC99F1F972" box="[136,241,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,768,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-163@9.[151,1436,767,1512]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habit of the Gelidiaceae species. A–B. Gelidium crinale (A:SP469061, B:SP469067). Scale bar = 1 cm. C. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). Scale bar = 2 cm. D. Gelidium lineare (SP469091). Scale bar = 1 cm. E. Gelidium microdonticum (SP469070). Scale bar = 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686322/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Figs. 5 C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FF4F8DFC983BF972" box="[253,315,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">6 E–J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836A1BC60FFA2FF3A8DB49B77F81A" blockId="9.[136,1452,1787,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">
Thalli are attached, vinaceous-red, up to 
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. Pinnate branching from the second third of the thalli, which may be alternate or irregular up to third order (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FDD58C509BC9F886" box="[615,713,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,768,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-163@9.[151,1436,767,1512]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habit of the Gelidiaceae species. A–B. Gelidium crinale (A:SP469061, B:SP469067). Scale bar = 1 cm. C. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). Scale bar = 2 cm. D. Gelidium lineare (SP469091). Scale bar = 1 cm. E. Gelidium microdonticum (SP469070). Scale bar = 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686322/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 5 C</figureCitation>
). Apex obtuse, with the apical cell between two lobes (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FA8C8C509C9FF886" box="[1342,1439,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6 E</figureCitation>
). Abundant rhizines concentrated in medulla (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FDC48C0C9BD1F8E2" box="[630,721,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6 F</figureCitation>
). Brush-like haptera. Tetrasporangia sori generally surrounded by wide sterile margins that internally contained many rhizines (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FCF68C289AA9F83E" box="[836,937,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6 G</figureCitation>
). Tetrasporangia divided decussately cruciate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FF228CC499F2F81A" box="[144,242,1931,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6 H</figureCitation>
). Cystocarps bilocular (
<figureCitation id="132C2A24BC60FFA2FE4E8CC49B69F81A" box="[508,617,1931,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1290,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,190,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–D. Gelidium crinale. A. Detail of the apical portion showing the prominent apical cell (arrow) (SP469067). Scale bar = 25 μm. B. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch, showing abundant rhizines between medulla and inner cortex (SP469061). Scale bar = 20 μm. C. Tetrasporangial branch (SP469061). Scale bar = 250 μm. D. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing tetrasporangia and presence of sterile margin (SP469061). Scale bar = 100 μm. E–J. Gelidium floridanum (SP469068). E. Detail of the apical portion showing the apical cell (arrow). Scale bar = 25 μm. F. Cross section of the middle region of the main branch showing rhizines in the medullary region. Scale bar = 20 μm. G. Tetrasporangial branch. Scale bar = 250 μm. H. Cross section of the tetrasporangial branch, showing sterile margin. Scale bar = 100 μm. I. Female gametophyte branches with cystocarps. Scale bar = 2 mm. J. Cross section of bilocular cystocarp showing carposporangia produced in both sides. Scale bar = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13686324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13686324/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6 I, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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