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<document id="AFBB29DD6AA6BE60695381B06CA45FEF" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip &amp; Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD4BFB5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Melithaea biserialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="093B96930B9C520489696AEB542D0F94">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABEC3A7287CC875AC84B3C3A0C0F295A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7D1EECD375B65EBD03EDD9E0F1605E5E">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="722F381BCEB1FF582BC767E522308DAE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5028-9058</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="264098F9CF313F43557C4079876069AA" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6408630868E72A8DF40909F32E91AB15">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D5F6A7D81E994EDD131F44266592E82E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5801-4681</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5ED8DDAF661C9795A03CAC7011D6A0E3" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FC9501BC38574AD35308074F2D8E3F4D">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0ADF0782ED78F1B4FB6FA9C98ED53D14" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="38725E40C6D83A34161F4E1B28EBAB92">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DFC6F64073E6E2DCEAFC755779E192C3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6CD623B48F6FADEBB9F6581924716DC0">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E644CA1F26EAF58C0048AFABE4AB9381">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD4BFB5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639361" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD4BFB5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD4BFB5E" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD8EFE3B" box="[151,624,474,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD8EFE3B" blockId="26.[151,624,474,501]" box="[151,624,474,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD8EFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,624,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD8EFE3B" ID-CoL="3ZKJT" authority="(Kukenthal, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,624,474,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF56FE23FD8EFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,624,474,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF56FE23FE78FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,390,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Melithaea biserialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FE54FE23FD99FE3B" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[405,615,474,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref103095" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1908) Diagnosen neuer Gorgoniden (4. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (1), 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1908">Kükenthal, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FD0BFDBA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FF05FD99" blockId="26.[151,1436,543,629]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FF05FD99" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FDBCFDF8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,578,543,567]" page="195" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FDBCFDF8" ID-CoL="8NMC" authority="Kukenthal, 1908: 195" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="195" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,578,543,567]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF56FDE6FEA5FDF8" box="[151,347,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acabaria biserialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FEA2FDE6FDBCFDF8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[355,578,543,567]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref103095" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1908) Diagnosen neuer Gorgoniden (4. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (1), 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1908">Kükenthal, 1908: 195</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B0CFFB6FD91FDE6FD54FDF8" box="[592,682,543,567]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B0CFFB6FD7FFDE6FC6EFDF8" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[702,912,543,567]" page="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FD7FFDE6FC6EFDF8" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[702,912,543,567]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="23 - 35" refId="ref101353" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1976) Gorgonaria aus Riffen von Eilat, Rotes Meer (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), Senckenbergiana boil. Frankfurt, 77 (1), 23 - 35." type="journal article" year="1976">Grasshoff 1976: 3–4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B0CFFB6FC5EFDE6FC09FDF8" box="[927,1015,543,567]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
) (part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B0CFFB6FB8DFDE6FAEAFDF8" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1100,1300,543,567]" page="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FB8DFDE6FAEAFDF8" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1100,1300,543,567]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff 2000: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 24 (
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B0CFFB6FAB3FDE6FF0EFD99" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF56FDA4FD0BFDBA" blockId="26.[151,1436,543,629]" box="[151,757,604,629]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B0CFFB6FF56FDA4FD0BFDBA" box="[151,757,604,629]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B0CFFB6FF56FDA4FF43FDBB" box="[151,189,605,628]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Not</collectingRegion>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B0CFFB6FF05FDA5FD8FFDBB" author="van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[196,625,604,629]" page="38" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0CFFB6FF05FDA5FD8FFDBB" ID-CoL="8NMC" authority="Ofwegen 1987: 36 - 38" authorityName="Ofwegen" authorityPageNumber="36 - 38" authorityYear="1987" box="[196,625,604,629]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF05FDA5FE78FDBB" box="[196,390,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acabaria biserialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FE4CFDA5FD8FFDBB" author="van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[397,625,604,629]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref109235" refString="van Ofwegen, L. P. (1987) Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 239, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1987">Ofwegen 1987: 36–38</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 22–23.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0CFFB6FF56FD5AFD23FC82" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF56FD5AFC70FD72" blockId="26.[151,910,675,701]" box="[151,910,675,701]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF56FD12FED7FCCA" blockId="26.[151,1436,747,845]" box="[151,297,747,773]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Justification:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF06FCF6FD23FC82" blockId="26.[151,1436,747,845]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF06FCF6FC75FCE6" box="[199,907,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FC58FCF6FB95FCE6" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[921,1131,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 24</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 1&amp;1c (SE coast);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FF56FCCAFE52FC82" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[151,428,819,845]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FEC9FCCAFEC7FC82" box="[264,313,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 26
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 8, fig. 1–1c (SE coast).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0CFFB6FF06FC82FD4BFB5E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0CFFB6FF06FC82FD4BFB5E" blockId="26.[151,1436,891,1169]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF06FC82FE64FC5A" box="[199,410,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Literature analysis</emphasis>
: This species was originally named
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FCEBFC82FBF6FC5A" box="[810,1032,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0CFFB6FCEBFC82FBFBFC5A" authorityName="Ofwegen" authorityYear="1987" box="[810,1029,891,917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">Acabaria biserialis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The accounts provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FAF3FC82FF1FFC76" author="Fernando, S. A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FED6FC66FDEFFC76" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[279,529,927,953]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FE46FC66FE46FC76" box="[391,440,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
are identical. Their specimen is quite robust, has massive clubs and ovoids in the coenenchyme and extremely large anthocodial sclerites, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FC82FC3AFBE7FC12" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[835,1049,963,989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff’s (2000)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations of the
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B0CFFB6FB36FC3AFAA7FC12" box="[1271,1369,963,989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
show that the colony is finely branched with very pronounced nodes, and that the polyp and coenenchymal sclerites are small. The accounts by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FE65FBF2FDA1FBEA" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[420,607,1035,1061]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FD56FBF2FC6BFBEA" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[663,917,1035,1061]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FCC8FBF2FCC5FBEA" box="[777,827,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
provide illustrations but lack any description, referring instead to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FEAEFBD6FDD7FB86" author="van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[367,553,1071,1097]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref109235" refString="van Ofwegen, L. P. (1987) Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 239, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1987">Ofwegen (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. However, they cite
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0CFFB6FCC8FBD6FC39FB86" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[777,967,1071,1097]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000)</bibRefCitation>
in their synonymy when that author stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0CFFB6FF0BFBAAFE5DFBA2" authorityName="Ofwegen" authorityYear="1987" box="[202,419,1107,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FF0BFBAAFE5DFBA2" box="[202,419,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acabaria biserialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Ofwegen is not synonymous. Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B0CFFB6FCB9FBAAFC55FBA2" box="[888,939,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. (2017: PY-B, 2019, 2019a) record that the species occurs in the region and give references.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue Copy permalink