182 lines
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182 lines
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<document id="54DA63332D3656283F86E4ABD2BCE820" ID-CLB-Dataset="2999" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d69b687d-e2db-4144-90e0-ad7fab4b35dd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5775736" ID-ZooBank="489D7694-F51B-4582-BE02-9C9EBD1F150A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639387769340" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Berning, Björn, Spencer Jones, Mary E. & Vieira, Leandro M." docDate="2021" docId="AE591B12FF950D57FF0FF9C7B45CD015" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5081.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5081 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hincksina Norman 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="335" masterDocId="5260636AFF940D55FF98FFB9B14ED423" masterDocTitle="Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)" masterLastPageNumber="352" masterPageNumber="333" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1699472290800" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C9B31470FE13DA3BA693BD113512689E">
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<mods:title id="06824A9944178D6FAE73802CE1434388">Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="063249E111830590A87A7E2F27344F84">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E1CDC98BCDB349D4F363783D504A2DA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-9739</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="975A7CCCBC9F588509971305ED24C4E4">Oberösterreichische Landes-Kultur GmbH, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Welser Str. 20, 4060 Leonding, Austria. b. berning @ landesmuseum. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 9739 & CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Ponta Delgada Apartado 1422, 9501 - 801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DAD8482EF00A33A1015FBB167F9F808" type="email">b.berning@landesmuseum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="743C9C9F382733C798A828ACCA591419">Spencer Jones, Mary E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="89294E56C83173F4A6863442571FB1C4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9332-8325</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE622129AED0FC81E156DBC74E9979A9">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. m. spencer-jones @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9332 - 8325</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A6E416588C200A84EB985D348FB350C" type="email">m.spencer-jones@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8130DD4AB0C19A6BCD2CD0480EE392">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7F6554AFBC841FC5937FBF2C69124E1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9332-8325</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B8834BE6F34678B8834EF6FBB3DCBADC">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. m. spencer-jones @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9332 - 8325 & Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa-LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670 - 810, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="938B927167A5E7B31331C2D044B41B37" type="email">m.spencer-jones@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3E8922B51C79A71A6B75166B3FF8A869">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E8EC12280C52357E5D699690D4EC1DE">
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<mods:date id="A355899FF9B05E486EC44E9053BF44B4">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="75FC7AA66B7739FF96BB1FF45CDF2B8C">2021-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4F7EF14C073DDE225C3641868E2105F4">5081</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="98BEDA7EC7FFAFF75A51CBC79F80094A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="19D859C73E6B562292549018CF6D1A4E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AE591B12FF950D57FF0FF9C7B45CD015" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191503681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5775708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE591B12FF950D57FF0FF9C7B45CD015" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE591B12FF950D57FF0FF9C7B45CD015" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF950D54FF0FF9C7B36BD2BB" box="[151,549,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF950D54FF0FF9C7B36BD2BB" blockId="1.[151,549,1662,1689]" box="[151,549,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<heading id="7D071D68FF950D54FF0FF9C7B36BD2BB" bold="true" box="[151,549,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FF0FF9C7B36BD2BB" bold="true" box="[151,549,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF950D54FF76F9C7B36BD2BB" ID-CoL="84P4X" authority="Norman, 1903" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[238,549,1662,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FF76F9C7B022D2BA" bold="true" box="[238,364,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">Hincksina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FEEBF9C6B36BD2BB" author="Norman, A. M." box="[371,549,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref16491" refString="Norman, A. M. (1903) Notes on the natural history of East Finmark. Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11, 567 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678818" type="journal article" year="1903">Norman, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF950D54FF0FF97AB07AD2D9" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF950D54FF0FF97AB07AD2D9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1731,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="06E08D2AFF950D54FF0FF97AB07AD2D9" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF950D54FF0FF97AB084D2F8" author="Norman, A. M." box="[151,458,1731,1755]" page="585" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" year="1903">
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF950D54FF0FF97AB084D2F8" ID-CoL="84P4X" authority="Norman, 1903: 585" authorityName="Norman" authorityPageNumber="585" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,458,1731,1755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FF0FF97AB1B0D2F8" box="[151,254,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">Hincksina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FE9BF97DB084D2F8" author="Norman, A. M." box="[259,458,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref16491" refString="Norman, A. M. (1903) Notes on the natural history of East Finmark. Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11, 567 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678818" type="journal article" year="1903">Norman, 1903: 585</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF950D54FE4BF97AB330D2F8" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[467,638,1731,1755]" page="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FE4BF97AB330D2F8" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[467,638,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref16860" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1950) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 1, Cheilostomata-Anasca. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 14, 1 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6542" type="journal article" year="1950">Osburn 1950: 41</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF950D54FD10F97DB2D1D2F8" author="Prenant, M. & Bobin, G." box="[648,927,1731,1755]" page="200" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FD10F97DB2D1D2F8" author="Prenant, M. & Bobin, G." box="[648,927,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 647" refId="ref16944" refString="Prenant, M. & Bobin, G. (1966) Bryozoaires, deuxieme partie. Chilostomes Anasca. Faune de France. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 68, 1 - 647." type="journal article" year="1966">Prenant & Bobin 1966: 200</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF950D54FC31F97AB581D2F8" author="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P." box="[937,1231,1731,1755]" page="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FC31F97AB581D2F8" author="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P." box="[937,1231,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref17756" refString="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P. (1988) Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, 4, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala & Maluquer 1988: 80</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF950D54FB41F97AB07ED2D9" author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S." page="152" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FB41F97AB07ED2D9" author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 366" refId="ref16022" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 10, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="1998">Hayward & Ryland 1998: 152</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF950D57FF0FF8A6B448D562" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF950D54FF0FF8A6B2F6D314" blockId="1.[151,952,1823,1847]" box="[151,952,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FF0FF8A6B06DD314" bold="true" box="[151,291,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF950D54FF0FF8A6B182D314" box="[151,204,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF950D54FEB2F8A6B38FD314" authority="Hincks, 1877" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[298,705,1823,1847]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FEB2F8A6B37AD314" box="[298,564,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF950D54FDA2F8A6B38FD314" author="Hincks, T." box="[570,705,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334" pagination="212 - 218" refId="ref16093" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 20, 212 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682224" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF950D57FF0FF8DCB448D562" blockId="1.[151,1437,1893,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1078]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF950D54FF0FF8DCB03FD35C" bold="true" box="[151,369,1893,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">Revised diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Colony encrusting, budding of zooidal
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<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF950D54FCB7F8DFB22DD3A3" box="[815,867,1894,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="334">type</typeStatus>
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. Zooecia well calcified, communication via uniporous septula. Narrow gymnocyst present but variably developed, cryptocyst reduced to practically absent. Cylindrical or flattened oral as well as mural spines of variable shape encircling the opesia, spines in late astogenetic zooids may be branched and/or dimorphic to polymorphic in some species, spine bases jointed or fully calcified. Brooding in endozooidal ovicells positioned in the proximal part of a distal autozooid or an avicularium, not closed by the operculum but by an ooecial vesicle, ooecium a short hood formed by the proximal cystid of the distal zooid or avicularium, ectooecium and endooecium calcified. Avicularia interzooidal, occasionally vicarious; rostrum round or pointed, palatal opesia framed by an immersed calcified shelf, mandible hinged on a pair of lateral teeth. Kenozooids, which replace an autozooid or avicularium, may occasionally be present. Ancestrula tatiform.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF960D57FF5FFEF2B45CD015" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF960D57FF5FFEF2B077D61E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FF5FFEF2B075D546" bold="true" box="[199,315,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Most
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FE18FEF2B306D546" box="[384,584,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FE18FEF2B0BCD546" box="[384,498,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Hincksina</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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have avicularia with rounded rostra and mandibles, which was accounted for in the most recent generic diagnosis by
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FDD7FED6B23FD5AA" author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S." box="[591,881,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 366" refId="ref16022" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 10, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="1998">Hayward & Ryland (1998</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 152). The two species from the
|
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<collectingRegion id="E43464E6FF960D57FB6EFED6B40BD5AA" box="[1270,1349,367,393]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Azores</collectingRegion>
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revised here (
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FF4EFE2AB063D58E" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1903" box="[214,301,403,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Membraniporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alice">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FF4EFE2AB063D58E" box="[214,301,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">H. alice</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FEFAFE2AB099D58F" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1903" box="[354,471,403,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Membraniporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
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<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FEFAFE2AB099D58F" box="[354,471,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">H. neptuni</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
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) and also several fossil species assigned to this genus [e.g.
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FBFCFE2AB024D5F2" authority="Canu & Lecointre, 1927" authorityName="Canu & Lecointre" authorityYear="1927" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
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<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FBFCFE2AB415D58F" box="[1124,1371,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Hincksina acutirostris</emphasis>
|
||
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FAF9FE2AB024D5F2" author="Canu, F. & Lecointre, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="19 - 50" refId="ref15017" refString="Canu, F. & Lecointre, G. (1927) Les Bryozoaires cheilostomes des Faluns de Touraine et d'Anjou. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie, 3, 19 - 50." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu & Lecointre, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
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;
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FEEFFE0EB3B0D5F2" authority="(Reuss, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[375,766,438,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxopora">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FEEFFE0EB31BD5F2" box="[375,597,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Hincksina loxopora</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FDFDFE0EB3BBD5F2" author="Reuss, A. E." box="[613,757,438,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref16984" refString="Reuss, A. E. (1847) Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens. Haidinger's naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 2, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1847">Reuss, 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
], however, have avicularia with elongated, triangular rostra and pointed tips. As all other zooidal, avicularian and ovicell characters are identical, the generic diagnosis is here augmented to also include this avicularium morphotype, as avicularium shape does generally not justify a separation at genus level.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF960D57FF5FFDFEB45CD015" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">
|
||
|
|
In the amended diagnosis, a distinction is also made between the vertically directed oral spines and the overarching mural spines. Variability in spine shape may be considerable and present at different levels. Within a zooid, shape and size usually differs between proximal and distolateral mural spines, and usually the pair of oral spines differs from the mural ones in morphology and/or orientation. In species in which the adult zooids have non-cylindrical or non-subclavate mural spines, there is a distinct astogenetic gradient from simple cylindrical spines in the firstgeneration zooids towards more complex spine morphologies in adult zooids. Intracolonial variability is therefore extensive in some species. But even between adult zooids within the same colony, spine shape and size may differ significantly, e.g. in zooids growing on the upper vs. the lower side of the same rock (see
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FBE5FCFAB471D77E" author="Souto, J. & Reverter Gil, O. & De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[1149,1343,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref17374" refString="Souto, J., Reverter Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129 - 150." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
|
|
Souto
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FB5DFCFAB5B3D77E" box="[1221,1277,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
2014
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
, fig. 3E, F). This intraspecific variability is obviously being controlled by (micro)environmental factors such as the presence of predators, current speed, or abrasive bedload, as has previously been shown to be the case in anascans that need to protect the vulnerable frontal membrane from being damaged (e.g.
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FC2EFC16B500D7EA" author="Harvell, C. D." box="[950,1102,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15907" refString="Harvell, C. D. (1991) Coloniality and inducible polymorphism. American Naturalist, 138, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 285201" type="journal article" year="1991">Harvell 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF960D57FBC3FC16B46BD7EA" author="Bayer, M. M. & Todd, C. D. & Hoyle, J. E. & Wilson, J. F. B." box="[1115,1317,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" pagination="1605 - 1611" refId="ref14193" refString="Bayer, M. M., Todd, C. D., Hoyle, J. E. & Wilson, J. F. B. (1997) Wave-related abrasion induces formation of extended spines in a marine bryozoan. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 264, 1605 - 1611. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 1997.0224" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
|
|
Bayer
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FB3FFC16B5AFD7EA" box="[1191,1249,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
1997
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). The pronounced ecophenotypic variability may thus render it difficult to precisely define morphospecies taxa in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF960D57FABCFC6AB4D8D7CE" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[1316,1430,979,1005]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="335" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="14847616FF960D57FABCFC6AB4D8D7CE" box="[1316,1430,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="335">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. In order to delimit intra- from interspecific variability, future systematic research on this group will certainly have to involve genetic analyses, and to investigate numerous colonies from different (micro)environments.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|