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<mods:title id="1A70AB603CC9FE299278F2439EBF9096">Aipysurus mosaicus, a new species of egg-eating sea snake (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with a redescription of Aipysurus eydouxii (Gray, 1849)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A7100577C2ABD11F57F9E0C5114E513C">Rasmussen, Arne R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="332F80AA0378F247F380E6B214F4F900">Elmberg, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4AF7B07381C53066537AC7E3B7C290C0">Guinea, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="B66E81EFFFE4FF896EE7CFE8FE3DFA2D" bold="true" box="[151,478,1414,1439]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE4FF896EE7CFE8FE9DFA2D" box="[151,382,1414,1439]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EE7CFE8FE9DFA2D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFE4FF896FF5CFE9FE3DFA2D" box="[389,478,1415,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="75A22A06FFE4FF896EE7CFC4FEE3FA70" box="[151,256,1450,1474]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1949,1972]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1441,1464]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1680,1703]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1436,1004,1876]" captionTargetBox-1="[350,1253,271,1311]" captionTargetBox-2="[380,1191,326,1542]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[154,1439,991,1943]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[327,1268,257,1329]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[361,1218,319,1552]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. MrBayes all compatible consensus of 4000 post burn-in trees for the Aipysurus and Emydocephalus specimens sampled in this study based on the concatenated mitochondrial data (Hydrophis caerulescens outgroup not shown). Scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Node support values (posterior probabilities) above 0.95 are shown." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. The single most parsimonious tree for phased haplotypes of the nuclear G 1894 fragment. Scale bar indicates branch lengths corresponding to 1 step." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The single most parsimonious tree for phased haplotypes of the nuclear G 1888 fragment. Scale bar indicates branch lengths corresponding to 1 step." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/211493/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/211494/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/211495/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75A22A06FFE4FF896F7DCFC4FEFFFA70" box="[269,284,1450,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,721,744]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,204,691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,701]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Full body photographs of A) the holotype of Aipysurus mosaicus sp. nov. from northern Australia (SAMA R 65222) and B) A. eydouxii from Singapore (SAMA R 22569). Grid scale represents 1 x 1 cm. Note that A. mosaicus has fewer bands on the body and tail and that these are less distinct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211496/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
a, 5a–c, 6a–c
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<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE4FF896EE7CF9DFE08F9BB" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,491,1522,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EE7CF9DFEBFF9BA" box="[151,348,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aipysurus eydouxii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896F1DCF9DFE07F9BB" author="Gray" box="[365,484,1523,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(part): 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896C4FCF9CFD2AF9BA" author="Smith" box="[575,713,1522,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith (1926)</bibRefCitation>
(part); 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896D6DCF9CFC0EF9BB" author="MacPherson" box="[797,1005,1522,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="MacPherson, J. (1933) Freshwater Snakes and Sea Snakes. The Australasian Nurses Journal, 31, 100 - 103." type="journal article" year="1933">MacPherson (1933)</bibRefCitation>
; 
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; 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896B21CF9CFEE9F995" author="Minton" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Minton, S. A. (1975) Geographic distribution of sea snakes. In Dunson, W. A. (Ed), The Biology of Sea Snakes. London &amp; Tokyo, Baltimore, 21 - 31." type="book chapter" year="1975">Minton (1975)</bibRefCitation>
(part); Reidfield 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896FCECC7CFE10F995" box="[446,499,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1978); 
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Cogger 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896CEDCC7CFD31F995" box="[669,722,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
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(part); 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896D1ACC7CFBE0F99A" author="Cogger" box="[874,1027,1554,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Cogger, H. G. (1992) Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Reed International Books, Chatswood New South Wales and Cornell University Press, New York., 775." type="book chapter" year="1992">Cogger (1992)</bibRefCitation>
; 
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Golay 
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Porter 
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; 
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Fry 
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(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896F68CC20FE55F9D6" author="Li" box="[280,438,1614,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Li, M., Fry, B. G. &amp; Kini, R. M. (2005 a) Eggs-Only Diet: Its Implications for the Toxin Profile Changes and Ecology of the Marbled Sea Snake (Aipysurus eydouxii). Journal of Molecular Evolution, 60, 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
Li 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896F44CC3EFE8BF9D7" box="[308,360,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2005a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
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); 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896D7DCC21FC47F9D7" author="Cogger" box="[781,932,1615,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Cogger, H. (2007) Marine snakes. In Tzioumis, V. &amp; Keable, S. (Eds), Description of key species groups in the east marine region. Australian Museum, 80 - 94." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cogger (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE4FF896EE7CC00FA90F936" blockId="6.[151,1437,1522,1668]" box="[151,1395,1645,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE4FF896EE7CC00FE03F931" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,480,1645,1667]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Tomogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EE7CC00FE89F931" box="[151,362,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tomogaster eydouxii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896F1FCC00FE03F931" author="Gray" box="[367,480,1646,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(specimens collected from Java and therefore not referable to 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE4FF896A29CC00FB30F931" box="[1113,1235,1646,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896A29CC00FB30F931" box="[1113,1235,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE4FF896A99CC03FA8DF936" author="Wells" box="[1257,1390,1645,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Wells, R. W. (2007) Some taxonomic and nomenclatural considerations on the class Reptilia in Australia. The sea snakes of Australia. An introduction to the members of the families Hydrophiidae and Laticaudidae in Australia, with a new familial and generic arrangement. Australian Biodiversity Record, 8, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="2007">Wells (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5836508FFE4FF866EE7CCDEFE26F8C9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE4FF896EE7CCDEFC47F95F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1711,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EE7CCDEFEE8F97A" bold="true" box="[151,267,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE4FF896EE7CCDEFEE5F97A" box="[151,262,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="8B88AE46FFE4FF896F62CCC1FE80F975" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[274,355,1711,1735]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SAMA</collectionCode>
R65222. A small adult male collected in the Gulf of Carpentaria near Weipa, 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE4FF896ABBCCC1FAD7F975" box="[1227,1332,1711,1735]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
, in 
<date id="99271043FFE4FF896B2DCCC1FF19F95F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2000-10">October 2000</date>
by B.F. Fry. Tail tissue stored in ethanol in the ABTC-SAM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE4FF896EB9CC95FE40F885" blockId="6.[151,1437,1711,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EB9CC95FEDEF8A1" bold="true" box="[201,317,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE4FF896EB9CC95FEDBF8A1" box="[201,312,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="8B88AE46FFE4FF896F34CC94FE76F8A0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[324,405,1786,1810]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SAMA</collectionCode>
R23493. An adult female collected in the Gulf of Carpentaria, 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE4FF896A10CC94FB28F8A0" box="[1120,1227,1786,1810]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Tissue stored frozen in the ABTC-SAM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE4FF896EB9CD2BFF0BF830" blockId="6.[151,1437,1711,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE4FF896EB9CD2BFE23F8EC" bold="true" box="[201,448,1861,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
An additional 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE4FF896C05CD2BFCF1F8EF" box="[629,786,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE4FF896D57CD2BFC9AF8EF" box="[807,889,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="adult">9 adult</specimenCount>
males, 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE4FF896DA9CD2BFBDAF8EF" box="[985,1081,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="adult">17 adult</specimenCount>
females), see Appendix 2 for details.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B9E6660BFFE5FF886EE7C8BFFD3EFC97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[160,1428,204,691]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE5FF886EE7C8BFFD3EFC97" blockId="7.[151,1436,721,805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886EE7C8BFFEF4FD55" bold="true" box="[151,279,721,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Full body photographs of A) the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE5FF886D7DC8BDFC38FD5A" box="[781,987,723,744]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886D7DC8BDFC38FD5A" box="[781,987,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886D96C8BCFBD8FD55" bold="true" box="[998,1083,722,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFE5FF886D96C8BCFBD8FD55" box="[998,1083,722,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from northern Australia (SAMA R65222) and B) 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE5FF886F31C89FFE50FCB4" box="[321,435,752,774]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Tomogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886F31C89FFE50FCB4" box="[321,435,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Singapore (SAMA R22569). Grid scale represents 1 x 1cm. Note that 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE5FF886AC9C89FFAD0FCB5" box="[1209,1331,753,775]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886AC9C89FFAD0FCB5" box="[1209,1331,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer bands on the body and tail and that these are less distinct.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B9E6660BFFE5FF886EE7CD3DFC6CF856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211497/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[156,1428,849,1847]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE5FF886EE7CD3DFC6CF856" blockId="7.[151,1436,1875,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886EE7CD3DFEF7F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1875,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Micro-CT images of 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE5FF886F85CD3AFD23F8DB" box="[501,704,1876,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886F85CD3AFD23F8DB" box="[501,704,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886CB8CD3AFCF9F8DB" bold="true" box="[712,794,1876,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFE5FF886CB8CD3AFCF9F8DB" box="[712,794,1876,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from (A) left lateral and (B) dorsal view of skull, and (C) left lateral view of mid-caudal vertebrae; and 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE5FF886C30CD1CFCE1F83A" box="[576,770,1906,1928]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE5FF886C30CD1CFCE1F83A" box="[576,770,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aipysurus eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from (D) left lateral and (E) dorsal view of skull, and (F) left lateral view of mid-caudal vertebrae. Note the differences in the morphology of the premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, frontoparietal suture, and neural spine; see text for fuller discussion. Specimens illustrated are as follows: (A, B) SAMA R65222 holotype, (C) SAMA R23493 paratype, (D, E) MZB Ophi 4184, (F) SAMA R22569.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B9E6660BFFEAFF876EE7CDDEFD64F856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211498/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[415,1177,205,1925]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEAFF876EE7CDDEFD64F856" blockId="8.[151,1435,1968,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEAFF876EE7CDDEFEF1F877" bold="true" box="[151,274,1968,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
A) Right lateral, B) dorsal, and C) ventral photographs of the head of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEAFF876A0BCDDFFAA6F874" box="[1147,1349,1969,1990]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEAFF876A0BCDDFFAA6F874" box="[1147,1349,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEAFF876B3BCDDFFA78F874" bold="true" box="[1355,1435,1969,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFEAFF876B3BCDDFFA78F874" box="[1355,1435,1969,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(SAMA R65222). Grid scale represents 1 x 1cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866EE7CAF6FB47FEBE" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866EE7CAF6FEE7FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectionCode id="8B88AE46FFEBFF866EE7CAF6FF08FF1F" box="[151,235,152,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE</collectionCode>
2.
</emphasis>
Mean, range, standard deviation, and t-tests of morphological characters comparing Asian (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866AD7CAF7FA8AFF1C" box="[1191,1385,152,174]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866AD7CAF7FA8AFF1C" box="[1191,1385,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Australian (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866F7FCAD4FE6BFF7D" box="[271,392,186,207]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866F7FCAD4FE6BFF7D" box="[271,392,186,207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866FFECAD7FE3DFF7C" bold="true" box="[398,478,185,206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFEBFF866FFECAD7FE3DFF7C" box="[398,478,185,206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866FAFCAD4FE0BFF7D" box="[479,488,186,207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">)</emphasis>
specimens. Australian data and t-tests include counts from 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFEBFF866A4FCAD7FB7BFF7D" box="[1087,1176,185,207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(H) and 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFEBFF866A99CAD4FAA3FF7D" box="[1257,1344,186,207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(P) when available. T-test probabilities are two-tailed, with significant contrasts given in bold 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFEBFF866D9BCAB6FBF9FF5F" box="[1003,1050,216,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
. See Methods for explanation of characters. Note that sample sizes for some characters differ from the gross sample size per origin and sex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866FEFCB49FE3EFE8F" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,317]" box="[415,477,295,317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Males</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866EEFCB3FFA72FE68" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="9F99C423FFEB00706EE7CB3FFA7FFE6F" box="[151,1436,337,477]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CB3FFA7FFE34" box="[151,1436,337,390]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CB3FFEA5FE34" box="[151,326,337,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Character</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCB3FFD15FE34" box="[415,758,337,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Asian (N = 19) (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866C37CB3CFD5BFED5" box="[583,696,337,359]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866C37CB3CFD5BFED5" box="[583,696,337,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CB3FFB76FE34" box="[817,1173,337,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Australian (N = 10) (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866D4ACB1EFC57FE34" box="[826,948,368,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866D4ACB1EFC57FE34" box="[826,948,368,390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866DCACB1EFBE8FE37" bold="true" box="[954,1035,368,389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFEBFF866DCACB1EFBE8FE37" box="[954,1035,368,389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
)
</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CB3FFA7FFE34" box="[1234,1436,337,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">t-test</th>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CBF7FA7FFE03" box="[151,1436,409,433]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CBF7FEA5FE03" box="[151,326,409,433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows neck</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCBF7FD15FE03" box="[415,758,409,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.17 (15–17, SD = 0.99, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CBF7FB76FE03" box="[817,1173,409,433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.90 (16–17, SD = 0.32, N = 10 H)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CBF7FA7FFE03" box="[1234,1436,409,433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.03, t = - 2.27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CBABFA7FFE6F" box="[151,1436,453,477]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CBABFEA5FE6F" box="[151,326,453,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows body</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCBABFD15FE6F" box="[415,758,453,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.95 (16–17, SD = 0.24, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CBABFB76FE6F" box="[817,1173,453,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.00 (SD = 0, N = 10 H)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CBABFA7FFE6F" box="[1234,1436,453,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.47, t = - 0.74</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866EEFCB9FFA61FC72" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="9F99C423FFEB00706EE7CB9EFA7FFC6D" box="[151,1436,496,991]" gridcols="4" gridrows="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CB9EFA7FFD97" box="[151,1436,496,549]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CB9EFE67FD97" box="[151,388,496,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows 10 ventrals anterior to vent</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCB9EFCFFFD97" box="[415,796,496,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">15.00 (SD = 0, N = 18)</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CB9EFB58FD97" box="[817,1211,496,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14.80 (13–17, SD = 1.14, N = 10 H)</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CB9EFA7FFD97" box="[1234,1436,496,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.46, t = 0.76</th>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C857FA7FFDFD" box="[151,1436,569,591]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C857FE67FDFD" box="[151,388,569,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows at mid-tail</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC857FCFFFDFD" box="[415,796,569,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.55 (7–10, SD = 1.13, N = 11)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C857FB58FDFD" box="[817,1211,569,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.88 (8–9, SD = 0.35, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C857FA7FFDFD" box="[1234,1436,569,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.44, t = - 0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C80CFA7FFDC8" box="[151,1436,610,634]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C80CFE67FDC8" box="[151,388,610,634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body bands</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC80CFCFFFDC8" box="[415,796,610,634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34.61 (30–42, SD = 3.35, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C80CFB58FDC8" box="[817,1211,610,634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.25 (17–22, SD = 1.67, N = 8 H)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C80CFA7FFDC8" box="[1234,1436,610,634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 12.22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C8E0FA7FFD14" box="[151,1436,654,678]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C8E0FE67FD14" box="[151,388,654,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tail bands</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC8E0FCFFFD14" box="[415,796,654,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.67 (7–11, SD = 0.97, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C8E0FB58FD14" box="[817,1211,654,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.50 (5–7, SD = 0.76, N = 8 H)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C8E0FA7FFD14" box="[1234,1436,654,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 8.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C8D7FA7FFD60" box="[151,1436,697,722]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C8D7FE67FD60" box="[151,388,697,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ventrals</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC8D7FCFFFD60" box="[415,796,697,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">138.17 (127–143, SD = 3.54, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C8D7FB58FD60" box="[817,1211,697,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">144.20 (140–147, SD = 2.28, N = 10 H)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C8D7FA7FFD60" box="[1234,1436,697,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = - 4.89</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C88BFA7FFD4E" box="[151,1436,741,764]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C88BFE67FD4E" box="[151,388,741,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Subcaudals</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC88BFCFFFD4E" box="[415,796,741,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">30.89 (27–34, SD = 1.67, N = 19)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C88BFB58FD4E" box="[817,1211,741,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">33.67 (28–38, SD = 3.35, N = 9)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C88BFA7FFD4E" box="[1234,1436,741,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.01, t = - 2.95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C961FA7FFC97" box="[151,1436,783,805]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C961FE67FC97" box="[151,388,783,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Heart position</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC961FCFFFC97" box="[415,796,783,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">51.75 (47–56, SD = 2.62, N = 16)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C961FB58FC97" box="[817,1211,783,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">47.50 (44–51, SD = 2.45, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C961FA7FFC97" box="[1234,1436,783,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 3.82</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C956FA7FFCDF" box="[151,1436,824,877]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C956FE67FCDF" box="[151,388,824,877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Relative heart position (%)</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC956FCFFFCDF" box="[415,796,824,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">37.50 (34.53–40.00, SD = 1.66, N = 16)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C956FB58FCDF" box="[817,1211,824,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">33.02 (30.77–35.21, SD = 1.79, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C956FA7FFCDF" box="[1234,1436,824,877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 6.08</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C9EEFA7FFC25" box="[151,1436,896,919]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C9EEFE67FC25" box="[151,388,896,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Liver position</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC9EEFCFFFC25" box="[415,796,896,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">54.38 (50–58, SD = 2.57, N = 13)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C9EEFB58FC25" box="[817,1211,896,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">49.88 (47–53, SD = 2.17, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C9EEFA7FFC25" box="[1234,1436,896,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 4.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7C9C4FA7FFC6D" box="[151,1436,938,991]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7C9C4FE67FC6D" box="[151,388,938,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Relative liver position (%)</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFC9C4FCFFFC6D" box="[415,796,938,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">39.55 (35.97–42.22, SD = 1.69, N = 13)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41C9C4FB58FC6D" box="[817,1211,938,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34.67 (32.87–36.62, SD = 1.62, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2C9C4FA7FFC6D" box="[1234,1436,938,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 6.53</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866FEFC99CFE26F8C9" blockId="9.[415,499,1010,1032]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,1711,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Females 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866EB9CCC1FE5FF97A" bold="true" box="[201,444,1711,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Generic assignment.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866FB3CCC1FD40F975" box="[451,675,1711,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866FB3CCC1FD40F975" box="[451,675,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a combination of characters (see 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFEBFF866A3DCCDEFB9EF97A" box="[1101,1149,1712,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
description and variation below) that place it in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866C7DCCBAFD9EF95E" box="[525,637,1748,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866C7DCCBAFD9EF95E" box="[525,637,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFEBFF866D56CCBDFC0FF959" author="Smith" box="[806,1004,1747,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith (1926: 13)</bibRefCitation>
: “Maxillary bone as long as or longer than the ectopterygoid, extending forwards beyond the palatine; poison-fangs followed after an interval by from 5 to 11 teeth. Nostrils superior, nasal shields in contact; head-shields regular or broken up; scales imbricate in regular rows, 17–25; ventrals large, one-third to half the breadth of the body, a median keel usually present at least in the posterior part of the body.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF866FEFCE75FA61F9E3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="9F99C423FFEB00706EE7CE75FA7FF9C3" box="[151,1436,1051,1649]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CE75FA7FFB80" box="[151,1436,1051,1074]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCE75FCFFFB80" box="[415,796,1051,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Asian (N = 18) (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866C37CE72FD5BFB83" box="[583,696,1051,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866C37CE72FD5BFB83" box="[583,696,1051,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CE75FB5AFB80" box="[817,1209,1051,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Australian (N = 18) (
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866A77CE72FB62FB83" box="[1031,1153,1052,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866A77CE72FB62FB83" box="[1031,1153,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CE75FA7FFB80" box="[1234,1436,1051,1074]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">t-test</th>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CE2AFA7FFBEF" box="[151,1436,1092,1117]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CE2AFE67FBEF" box="[151,388,1092,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows neck</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCE2AFCFFFBEF" box="[415,796,1092,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.83 (15–17, SD = 0.51, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CE2AFB5AFBEF" box="[817,1209,1092,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.94 (16–17, SD = 0.24, N = 18 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CE2AFA7FFBEF" box="[1234,1436,1092,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.41, t = - 0.83</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CE1EFA7FFB3B" box="[151,1436,1136,1161]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CE1EFE67FB3B" box="[151,388,1136,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows body</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCE1EFCFFFB3B" box="[415,796,1136,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.00 (SD = 0, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CE1EFB5AFB3B" box="[817,1209,1136,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.00 (SD = 0, N = 18 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CE1EFA7FFB3B" box="[1234,1436,1136,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CEF2FA7FFB06" box="[151,1436,1180,1204]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CEF2FE67FB06" box="[151,388,1180,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows vent</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCEF2FCFFFB06" box="[415,796,1180,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14.9 (13–15, SD = 0.47, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CEF2FB5AFB06" box="[817,1209,1180,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14.89 (13–17, SD = 1.02, N = 18 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CEF2FA7FFB06" box="[1234,1436,1180,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 1.00, t = 0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CEA6FA7FFB6C" box="[151,1436,1224,1246]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CEA6FE67FB6C" box="[151,388,1224,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scale rows tail</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCEA6FCFFFB6C" box="[415,796,1224,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.62 (7–10, SD = 1.06, N = 8)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CEA6FB5AFB6C" box="[817,1209,1224,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.00 (SD = 0, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CEA6FA7FFB6C" box="[1234,1436,1224,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P = 0.19, t = - 1.86</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CE9FFA7FFAB8" box="[151,1436,1265,1290]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CE9FFE67FAB8" box="[151,388,1265,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body bands</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCE9FFCFFFAB8" box="[415,796,1265,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">36.12 (29–45, SD = 3.72, N = 17)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CE9FFB5AFAB8" box="[817,1209,1265,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18.25 (15–21, SD = 1.88, N = 16 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CE9FFA7FFAB8" box="[1234,1436,1265,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 17.55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CF73FA7FFA87" box="[151,1436,1309,1333]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CF73FE67FA87" box="[151,388,1309,1333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tail bands</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCF73FCFFFA87" box="[415,796,1309,1333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.00 (4–10, SD = 1.24, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CF73FB5AFA87" box="[817,1209,1309,1333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.83 (4–6, SD = 0.72, N = 12 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CF73FA7FFA87" box="[1234,1436,1309,1333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 6.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CF27FA7FFAD0" box="[151,1436,1353,1378]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CF27FE67FAD0" box="[151,388,1353,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ventrals</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCF27FCFFFAD0" box="[415,796,1353,1378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">142.17 (136–149, SD = 3.26, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CF27FB5AFAD0" box="[817,1209,1353,1378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">147.50 (140–154, SD = 4.32, N = 18 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CF27FA7FFAD0" box="[1234,1436,1353,1378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = - 4.18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CF1BFA7FFA3F" box="[151,1436,1397,1421]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CF1BFE67FA3F" box="[151,388,1397,1421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Subcaudals</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCF1BFCFFFA3F" box="[415,796,1397,1421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">25.00 (21–27, SD = 1.64, N = 18)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CF1BFB5AFA3F" box="[817,1209,1397,1421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28.88 (25–33, SD = 2.20, N = 17 P)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CF1BFA7FFA3F" box="[1234,1436,1397,1421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = - 5.88</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CFCFFA7FFA05" box="[151,1436,1441,1463]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CFCFFE67FA05" box="[151,388,1441,1463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Heart position</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCFCFFCFFFA05" box="[415,796,1441,1463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">51.31 (47–55, SD = 2.72, N = 16)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CFCFFB5AFA05" box="[817,1209,1441,1463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">48.21 (45–52, SD = 2.29, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CFCFFA7FFA05" box="[1234,1436,1441,1463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.005, t = 3.38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CFA4FA7FFA4D" box="[151,1436,1482,1535]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CFA4FE67FA4D" box="[151,388,1482,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Relative heart position (%)</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCFA4FCFFFA4D" box="[415,796,1482,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">36.10 (33.10–39.42, SD = 1.94, N = 16)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CFA4FB5AFA4D" box="[817,1209,1482,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">32.67 (30.00–35.71, SD = 1.60, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CFA4FA7FFA4D" box="[1234,1436,1482,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 5.34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CC7CFA7FF99B" box="[151,1436,1554,1577]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CC7CFE67F99B" box="[151,388,1554,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Liver position</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCC7CFCFFF99B" box="[415,796,1554,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">54.50 (49–60, SD = 2.93, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CC7CFB5AF99B" box="[817,1209,1554,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">50.64 (47–54, SD = 2.47, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CC7CFA7FF99B" box="[1234,1436,1554,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.005, t = 3.77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53A934C1FFEB00706EE7CC55FA7FF9C3" box="[151,1436,1595,1649]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="10785DBDFFEB00706EE7CC55FE67F9C3" box="[151,388,1595,1649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Relative liver position (%)</th>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706FEFCC55FCFFF9C3" box="[415,796,1595,1649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">38.23 (34.51–41.67, SD = 2.08, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706D41CC55FB5AF9C3" box="[817,1209,1595,1649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34.31 (32.00–36.73, SD = 1.68, N = 14)</td>
<td id="10785DBDFFEB00706AA2CC55FA7FF9C3" box="[1234,1436,1595,1649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P&lt;0.001, t = 5.45</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="A5836508FFEBFF856EB9CDE9FEDDFE46" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFEBFF856EB9CDE9FB72FF45" blockId="9.[151,1437,1711,2023]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866EB9CDE9FEA0F812" bold="true" box="[201,323,1927,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866F3CCDE9FDCEF82D" box="[332,557,1927,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866F3CCDE9FDCEF82D" box="[332,557,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from seven of the eight species (except 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866A09CDE9FB1AF82D" box="[1145,1273,1927,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866A09CDE9FB1AF82D" box="[1145,1273,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866B5CCDE9FA7FF82D" box="[1324,1436,1927,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866B5CCDE9FA7FF82D" box="[1324,1436,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using external characters. 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866FCCCDC2FD30F876" box="[444,723,1964,1988]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apraefrontalis">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866FCCCDC2FD30F876" box="[444,723,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus apraefrontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866D7ACDC2FC57F876" box="[778,948,1964,1988]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foliosquama">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866D7ACDC2FC57F876" box="[778,948,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. foliosquama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have ventrals with a deep median notch on the posterior edge, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866F1FCDA1FE14F855" box="[367,503,1999,2023]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866F1FCDA1FE14F855" box="[367,503,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ventrals lacking a median notch. 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFEBFF866DD2CDA1FBBFF855" box="[930,1116,1999,2023]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFEBFF866DD2CDA1FBBFF855" box="[930,1116,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aipysurus tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more than 170 ventrals, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856EE7CAF6FEFDFF02" box="[151,286,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EE7CAF6FEFDFF02" box="[151,286,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 140–154. 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856FB1CAF6FC99FF02" box="[449,890,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856FB1CAF6FD76FF02" box="[449,661,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duboisii">Aipysurus duboisii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856CD0CAF6FCEBFF02" box="[672,776,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">A. fuscus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856D63CAF6FC95FF02" box="[787,886,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">A. laevis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856DC1CAF6FBAAFF02" box="[945,1097,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pooleorum">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856DC1CAF6FBAAFF02" box="[945,1097,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. pooleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have more than 17 scale rows around midbody and at least some of the head shields are usually broken up into smaller plates, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856AB6CAD2FAADFF66" box="[1222,1358,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856AB6CAD2FAADFF66" box="[1222,1358,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 17 scale rows around body and head shields that are normally symmetrical and not broken up.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9CB6AFEDDFE46" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856EB9CB6AFE44FEAE" box="[201,423,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EB9CB6AFE44FEAE" box="[201,423,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856CDFCB6AFCCEFEAE" box="[687,813,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856CDFCB6AFCCEFEAE" box="[687,813,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a number of external and internal characters. 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856B36CB6AFEC2FEF2" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856B36CB6AFEC2FEF2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aipysurus eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 29 or more bands on body, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856CF9CB46FCF1FEF2" box="[649,786,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856CF9CB46FCF1FEF2" box="[649,786,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 22 body bands or fewer. In our sample, the following characters differ significantly between 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856C3CCB22FD29FED6" box="[588,714,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856C3CCB22FD29FED6" box="[588,714,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856D71CB22FC6BFED6" box="[769,904,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856D71CB22FC6BFED6" box="[769,904,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when compared intrasexually: number of body bands, tail bands, ventrals, subcaudals, as well as heart and liver positions (absolute and relative) (Table 2). Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856E8ACBFAFE9AFE1E" box="[250,377,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856E8ACBFAFE9AFE1E" box="[250,377,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856FF7CBFAFDECFE1E" box="[391,527,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856FF7CBFAFDECFE1E" box="[391,527,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a larger premaxilla, a smaller maxilla, a cresent-shaped (rather than triangular) nasal, an anteriorly concave (rather than straight) frontoparietal suture, and dorsally-expanded caudal neural spines (
<figureCitation id="75A22A06FFE8FF856E9CCBB2FED3FE46" box="[236,304,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,849,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,843,1854]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micro-CT images of Aipysurus mosaicus sp. nov. from (A) left lateral and (B) dorsal view of skull, and (C) left lateral view of mid-caudal vertebrae; and Aipysurus eydouxii from (D) left lateral and (E) dorsal view of skull, and (F) left lateral view of mid-caudal vertebrae. Note the differences in the morphology of the premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, frontoparietal suture, and neural spine; see text for fuller discussion. Specimens illustrated are as follows: (A, B) SAMA R 65222 holotype, (C) SAMA R 23493 paratype, (D, E) MZB Ophi 4184, (F) SAMA R 22569." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211497/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5836508FFE8FF846EB9CB91FC73FF66" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9CB91FCD7FCEE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EB9CB91FE04FDAA" bold="true" box="[201,487,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE8FF856F09C86EFE01FDAA" box="[377,482,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male. Snout-vent length 46.3 cm, tail 8.6 cm. One pre- and two postoculars on both sides. Six supralabials and six infralabials on both sides. First and second supralabials in contact with nasal. Second and third supralabials in contact with preocular on right side, second, third and fourth on left side. Fourth and fifth supralabial in contact with eye. Two anterior temporals on both sides. Sublinguals are well-developed and in contact with one another. First, second, third and fourth infralabials in contact with anterior pair of sublinguals. Fourth infralabial touching posterior pair of sublinguals. Seventeen scale rows on neck, 17 scale rows on body, 15 scale rows ten ventrals before vent. Ventrals 144, distinct throughout, about three to four times as broad as adjacent scales. Preanals enlarged and divided into paired scales. Subcaudals cannot be counted reliably due to a tail biopsy but probably number between 29 and 32. Head dark brown above and below. Body dark brown above, paler below. Twenty-one irregular brown bands on body and five on tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9C909FB10FB12" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EB9C909FDBDFC32" bold="true" box="[201,606,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE8FF856F08C906FE07FC32" box="[376,484,872,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(R23493).
</emphasis>
Female. Snout-vent length 73.0 cm, tail 11.5 cm. One pre- and two postoculars on both sides. Six supralabials and six infralabials on both sides. First and second supralabials in contact with nasal. Second, third and fourth supralabials in contact with preocular on both sides. Fourth and fifth supralabial in contact with eye. Two anterior temporals on both sides. Sublinguals are well-developed and in contact with one another. First, second and third infralabial in contact with anterior pair of sublinguals. Third and fourth infralabial touching posterior pair of sublinguals. Seventeen scale rows on neck, 17 scale rows on body, 13 scale rows ten ventrals before vent. Ventrals 154, distinct throughout, about three to four times as broad as adjacent scales. Preanals enlarged and split up into two scales. Twenty-nine subcaudals. Head dark brown above and below. Body dark brown above, lighter below. Seventeen white/cream irregular brown bands on body and five on tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9CEC5FA95FB5A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EB9CEC5FD4DFB76" bold="true" box="[201,686,1195,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Variation in 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856F12CEC5FDA9FB76" box="[354,586,1195,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856F12CEC5FDA9FB76" bold="true" box="[354,586,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4DE57EAFFE8FF856C23CEC2FD4DFB76" box="[595,686,1196,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The following description refers to all 28 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE8FF856AE6CEC2FAFDFB76" box="[1174,1310,1196,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856AE6CEC2FAFDFB76" box="[1174,1310,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens examined (
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856F63CEBEFE8CFB5A" box="[275,367,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">10 adult</specimenCount>
males, 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856FB5CEBEFDC3FB5A" box="[453,544,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">18 adult</specimenCount>
females), including the 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE8FF856D40CEBEFC71FB5A" box="[816,914,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="32228821FFE8FF856DB8CEBFFBCEFB5B" box="[968,1069,1233,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: see Table 2 and Appendix 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9CE9AFCF6F8B6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
External morphological characters. One pre- and two postoculars on both sides in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856A29CE9AFB10FABE" box="[1113,1267,1268,1292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
, 1-2/1- 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856B34CE9AFA8FFABE" box="[1348,1388,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
two specimens, and 1-3/ 
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one specimen. Six/six supralabials in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856D14CF79FC1DFA9D" box="[868,1022,1303,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
, 7/ 
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two specimens. First and second supralabials in contact with nasal in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856C12CF52FD1EFAE6" box="[610,765,1340,1364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
, first, second and third in two specimens. Second, third and fourth supralabial in contact with preocular in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856CD0CF31FCDFFAC5" box="[672,828,1375,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
, second and third in six specimens. Fourth supralabial in contact with eye in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856FFDCFEAFDCBFA2E" box="[397,552,1412,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
, third and fourth in one specimen, fourth and fifth in four specimens, and third, fourth and fifth in one specimen. Two anterior temporals on both sides in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856DBACFC9FB86FA0D" box="[970,1125,1447,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
, 1/ 
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one specimen, 1/ 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856B00CFC9FA7FFA0D" box="[1392,1436,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
one specimen, 2/ 
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three specimens and 3/ 
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one specimen. Six infralabials on both sides in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856AA1CFA2FA8EFA56" box="[1233,1389,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
, 7/ 
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two specimens. Sublinguals well-developed and in contact with one another in all specimens. First, second and third infralabial in contact with anterior pair of sublinguals in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856D3BCC7AFC06F99E" box="[843,997,1556,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">24 specimens</specimenCount>
, first through fourth in four specimens. Third and fourth infralabials touching posterior pair of sublinguals in 
<specimenCount id="FB9FFD0AFFE8FF856DC5CC59FBB1F9FD" box="[949,1106,1591,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
, only the fourth in six specimens. Sixteen to seventeen scale rows on neck in males, 
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females, 17 scale rows on body in males, 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856B13CC32FA7FF9C6" box="[1379,1436,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
females. Thirteen to seventeen scale rows ten ventrals before vent in males, 
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females. Ventrals 
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males, 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856E9ACCCAFE8FF90E" box="[234,364,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7338" metricValueMax="3.9116" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="147.0" valueMax="154.0" valueMin="140.0">140–154 in</quantity>
females, distinct throughout, about three to four times as broad as adjacent scales. Preanals enlarged and split up into two scales. Subcaudals 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856CBFCCA6FCD0F952" box="[719,819,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="33.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="28.0">28–38 in</quantity>
males, 
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females. Snout-vent length of largest male 
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, tail 
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; largest female 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856C3BCC82FD70F8B6" box="[587,659,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="95.0">95 cm</quantity>
, tail 
<quantity id="2A619B66FFE8FF856CB9CC82FCF1F8B6" box="[713,786,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF856EB9CD7EFCAEF826" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Internal morphological characters. Tip of heart extending to ventral scale number 
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males, 
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females. %VS-heart 30.8–35.2% in males, 30.0–35.7% in females. Anterior end of liver situated at ventral scale number 
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males, 
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females. %VS-liver 32.9–36.6% in males, 32.0–36.7% in females. Heart and liver separated by 1–4 ventral scales in males, 
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females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE8FF846EB9CDF1FC73FF66" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,791]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE8FF856EB9CDF1FE82F80A" bold="true" box="[201,353,1951,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colouration.</emphasis>
Head dark brown above and below. Body usually cream, salmon or yellowish with brown to olive green irregular cross-bands. Bands are often incomplete with some forming staggered half-bands on either side of the body. Number of bands on body 
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males and 
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females (when distinct enough to be counted). Number of bands on tail 
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males and 
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females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5836508FFE9FF846EB9CAB1FAEBFE1D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE9FF846EB9CAB1FAEBFE1D" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846EB9CAB1FE81FF4A" bold="true" box="[201,354,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is found along the coasts of northern 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE9FF846DA3CAB1FBDAFF45" box="[979,1081,223,247]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
and southern New 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE9FF846B67CAB1FA8FFF45" box="[1303,1388,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. We have examined specimens (Appendix 2) belonging to this species from the following localities in northern and north-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE9FF846F43CB49FE7DFE8D" box="[307,414,295,319]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Coburg Peninsula (Arafura Sea), the Gulf of Carpentaria (southeast and northeast areas), Thursday Island (Torres Strait), Townsville (northeast Queensland), and Swain Reefs and Shoal Water Bay (southeast Queensland). A single specimen was examined from Kaap Valsch (= Tanjung Vals) on the south coast of West 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE9FF846EE7CBF6FF3CFE1D" box="[151,223,408,431]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Papua</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846E99CBF9FE73FE1D" author="Limpus" box="[233,400,407,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Limpus, C. J. (1975) In Dunson, W. A. (Ed), Coastal sea snakes of subtropical Queensland waters (230 to 280 south latitude). The Biology of Sea Snakes. University Park Press, London &amp; Tokyo, 174 - 182." type="journal article" year="1975">Limpus (1975)</bibRefCitation>
reports this species as breeding as far south as 26o S in subtropical Queensland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5836508FFE9FF846EB9CBD5FEE0FCA5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE9FF846EB9CBD5FA91FE45" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846EB9CBD5FEB3FE61" bold="true" box="[201,336,443,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named from the Latin 
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<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846C11CBD2FD2AFE61" box="[609,713,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in reference to the mosaic-like pattern of dark and light scales arranged in irregularly staggered cross-bands. We suggest the common name mosaic sea snake for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED263683FFE9FF846EB9C86DFEE0FCA5" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846EB9C86DFE6AFDA9" bold="true" box="[201,393,514,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natural history.</emphasis>
All collection records suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE9FF846D6FC86DFBE3FDA9" box="[799,1024,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846D6FC86DFBE3FDA9" box="[799,1024,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aipysurus mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mentioned as 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE9FF846AC1C86DFAD2FDA9" box="[1201,1329,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846AC1C86DFAD2FDA9" box="[1201,1329,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) inhabits offshore waters, estuaries and tidal rivers, where it is associated with soft sand and mud bottom substrates. Most records are from depths between 
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(
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) and 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846D15C824FBA6FDD0" author="Redfield" box="[869,1093,586,611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Redfield, J. A., Holmes, J. C. &amp; Holms, R. D. (1978) Sea snakes of the eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 29, 325 - 334." type="journal article" year="1978">
Redfield 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846DBEC822FBE5FDD1" box="[974,1030,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
) and there are no records from waters exceeding 
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.
</specimenCount>
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846FD5C801FDADFD35" author="Limpus" box="[421,590,623,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Limpus, C. J. (1975) In Dunson, W. A. (Ed), Coastal sea snakes of subtropical Queensland waters (230 to 280 south latitude). The Biology of Sea Snakes. University Park Press, London &amp; Tokyo, 174 - 182." type="journal article" year="1975">Limpus (1975)</bibRefCitation>
examined the guts of&gt;100 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE9FF846DE2C801FBF9FD35" box="[914,1050,623,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846DE2C801FBF9FD35" box="[914,1050,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from southern Queensland; 38% contained diet items, all of which were clumps of benthic fish eggs. A similarly specialist diet of fish eggs (and occasionally squid and cuttlefish) was reported for 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE9FF846D39C8D9FC24FD7D" box="[841,967,695,719]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eydouxii">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846D39C8D9FC24FD7D" box="[841,967,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. eydouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846A10C8D9FB3CFD7D" author="Voris" box="[1120,1247,695,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Voris, H. K. (1966) Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft). Ecology, 47, 152 - 154." type="journal article" year="1966">Voris 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846A9AC8D9FF30FD40" author="Glodek" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Glodek, G. S. &amp; Voris, H. K. (1982) Marine Snake Diets: Prey Composition, Diversity and Overlap. Copeia, 1982, 661 - 666." type="journal article" year="1982">Glodek &amp; Voris 1982</bibRefCitation>
). In northern 
<collectingCountry id="958E7613FFE9FF846F19C8B4FE30FD40" box="[361,467,730,754]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
, females of 
<taxonomicName id="2A994D00FFE9FF846C28C8B5FD3CFD41" box="[600,735,731,755]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aipysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846C28C8B5FD3CFD41" box="[600,735,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. mosaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are gravid between May and August but not in October (
<bibRefCitation id="89084B72FFE9FF846B29C8B4FF14FCA5" author="Fry" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Fry, G. C., Milton, D. A. &amp; Wassenberg, T. J. (2001) The reproductive biology and diet of sea snake bycatch of prawn trawling in northern Australia: characteristics important for assessing the impacts on populations. Pacific conservation biology, 7, 55 - 73." type="journal article" year="2001">
Fry 
<emphasis id="DFEDEA91FFE9FF846BF8C8B2FF57FCA5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>