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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako &amp; Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="07DA9195C1BF585ABE8F3D4C5B91BD08" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) maewongense Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="232C34A2-71F4-4F44-B1C9-E0E8D405219F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169112888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>950</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>152</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843379" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:232C34A2-71F4-4F44-B1C9-E0E8D405219F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07DA9195C1BF585ABE8F3D4C5B91BD08" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName LSID="07DA9195-C1BF-585A-BE8F-3D4C5B91BD08" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) maewongense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maewongense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) maewongense Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Saeung</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 25M</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as &quot;Holotype:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium maewongense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maewongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium maewongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, QSBG col. no. 80, Thailand, 12-VII-2018, by W. Srisuka&quot;, collected from a small stream (width 20 cm, depth 2 cm bed sandy, slow flow, 19.5 °C, partially shaded, elevation 1,322 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="02.9" value="16.100805">16°06'02.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.8" value="99.10661">99°06'23.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 98°30'53.0&quot;E), at Chon Yen, Mae Wong National Park, Klong Lan District, Kham Phaeng Phet Province, Thailand, 12-VII-2018, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 80).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Three females, four males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and 14 mature larvae (two mature larvae for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype; one female (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon). (in 80% ethanol), collected from a stream of Klong Nam Lai (width 1.4 m, depth 13 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 6.23, 25.8 °C, exposed to the sun, elevation 196 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.3" value="16.20786">16°12'28.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.8" value="99.263275">99°15'47.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), at Klong Lan District, Kham Phaeng Phet Province, Thailand, 27-VI-2013, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 144).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Female: mandible lacking teeth on the outer margin. Male: upper-eye (large) facets in eleven vertical columns and 13 or 14 horizontal rows. Pupa: thorax bare except the anterior two-fifths or half and small area of the dorsal surface near the posterior margin moderately covered with tubercles, and cocoon with a short anterodorsal projection or bulge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7G</figureCitation>
). Larva: abdominal segments 1 and 2 greyish (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25M</figureCitation>
), and the postgenal cleft medium-long, 0.9-1.2 times as long as the postgenal bridge.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Male and pupa of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maewongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="maewongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. maewongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A-D</emphasis>
male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E-G</emphasis>
pupa.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
ventral plate (caudal view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
gill filaments (right side; lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
terminal hooks (caudal view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, E</emphasis>
); 0.02 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B-D</emphasis>
); 0.01 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
= 4). Body length 2.1-2.2 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
Frontal ratio 1.8-2.0:1.0:2.3-3.3. Frons: head ratio 1.0:4.3-5.4. Labrum 0.68 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional length of third, fourth and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.0-1.1:2.2-2.3; sensory vesicle medium-long, 0.36 times as long as third palpal segment. Lacinia with 8-11 inner and 12 or 13 outer teeth. Mandible with 21-23 teeth on inner margin and lacking teeth on outer margin (though outer margin undulated).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
Fore basitarsus 6.3-6.5 times as long as its greatest width. Hind basitarsus 5.9-6.1 times as long as its greatest width and 0.7 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest width of hind tibia and femur, respectively. Calcipala nearly as long as wide and 0.56 times as wide as greatest width of hind basitarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
Length 2.2-2.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Terminalia.</emphasis>
Sternite 8 with 17-22 medium to long stout hairs and three to five short slender hairs. Ovipositor valve with one to four short hairs. Paraproct 0.5 times as long as wide, and with 22-25 short to medium-long hairs on outer surface. Cercus 0.4 times as long as wide. Spermatheca ellipsoidal, 1.4 times as long as its greatest width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
= 5). Body length 2.6 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
Upper eye dark brown, consisting of large facets in eleven vertical columns and 13 or 14 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna: first flagellomere 1.6 times as long as second. Maxillary palpus: proportional length of third, fourth and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.2:2.8; sensory vesicle small, globular or ellipsoidal, 0.19-0.21 times as long as palpal segment 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
Foreleg: basitarsus 7.7 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: basitarsus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7A</figureCitation>
) dark brown except little less than basal half yellowish white, and enlarged, 3.5 times as long as its greatest width, and 1.0 and 1.2-1.3 times as wide as greatest width of hind tibia and femur, respectively. Calcipala (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7A</figureCitation>
) as long as wide and 0.3 times as wide as greatest width of hind basitarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
Length 2.2 mm. Subcosta haired except near apex bare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7B</figureCitation>
) somewhat emarginated on each lateral margin; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7D</figureCitation>
) rounded ventrally. Cercus with 15-17 hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
= 9). Body length 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
Integument almost bare except anterior two-fifths to half moderately covered with round tubercles and small dorsal area near posterior margin sparsely covered with tubercles. Gill (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7E</figureCitation>
) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2or [(2+1)+(1+2)]+2 or [(2+1)+3]+2 from dorsal to ventral, with medium-long common basal stalk having somewhat swollen transparent basal fenestra; common basal stalk 0.6-0.7 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level, middle triplet mostly composed of one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments, 0.9-1.3 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.6-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk, and 0.9 times as thick as common stalk of middle and dorsal triplets; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 60-90° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length (1.8-2.2 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (2.8-3.2 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.6 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dorsally, segments 1 and 2 bare. Terminal hooks (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7F</figureCitation>
) with outer margin 2.0 times as long as inner margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7G</figureCitation>
). Slipper-shaped, moderately woven, widely extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin thickly woven medially, with bulge or short projection; 3.0-4.0 mm long by 2.5-2.8 mm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
= 12). Body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Body creamy white to light ochreous with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with ochreous or reddish brown band (though disconnected ventromedially), thoracic segments 2 and 3 ochreous on ventral surface; abdominal segments 1 and 2 entirely grey, dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segment 4 with faint reddish brown band or spot (though completely faded in some larvae), abdominal segments 5 and 6 each with reddish brown, W-shaped, transverse band near posterior margin of dorsal and dorsolateral surface, which is always distinct on abdominal segment 5 but is faded to varying extent on abdominal segment 6 leaving one small round dorsomedial spot and two distinct lateral areas, abdominal segments 7 and 8 distinctly covered with reddish brown pigment on each dorsolateral surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25M</figureCitation>
), and ventral surface of abdominal segments 6 and 7 each with two light reddish brown spots (though absent in some larvae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
Head spots faintly (or rarely moderately) positive or indistinct. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.8:0.7-0.8. Labral fan with 27-29 primary rays. Hypostoma: median tooth little longer than each corner tooth. Postgenal cleft small, rounded, 0.9-1.2 times length of postgenal bridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with 6-8 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite with anterior arms 1.1-1.2 times as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 91-96 rows of hooklets with up to 14 or 15 hooklets per row.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The species name,
<taxonomicName lsidName="maewongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="maewongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">maewongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, refers to the name of the national park, Mae Wong, where this species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Kham Phaeng Phet).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Among 36 species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. asakoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="asakoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. asakoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gyorkosae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="gyorkosae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. gyorkosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Takaoka &amp; Davies from Indonesia (
<bibRefCitation author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Medical Entomology and Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B18" refString="Takaoka, H, Davies, DM, 1996. The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Java, Indonesia. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology 6, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, viii + 81 pp." title="The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Java, Indonesia. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology 6, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, viii + 81 pp." year="1996">Takaoka and Davies 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. jianfengense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="jianfengense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. jianfengense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Long et al. from Hainan Island, China (
<bibRefCitation author="Long, ZM" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="405 - 409" publicationUrl="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3838.3.6" refId="B8" refString="Long, ZM, An, JY, Hao, BS, Yan, G, Yuan, WH, 1994. Two new blackflies of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) from Hainan Island, China (Diptera, Simuliidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control 5: 405 - 409, https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3838.3.6" title="Two new blackflies of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) from Hainan Island, China (Diptera, Simuliidae)." url="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3838.3.6" volume="5" year="1994">Long et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. myanmarense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="myanmarense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. myanmarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.024" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Acta Tropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="39 - 50" refId="B27" refString="Takaoka, H, Srisuka, W, Low, VL, Saeung, A, 2017b. Two new species of the Simulium asakoae species-group of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Myanmar and their phylogenetic relationships within the S. asakoae species-group. Acta Tropica 176: 39 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.024" title="Two new species of the Simulium asakoae species-group of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Myanmar and their phylogenetic relationships within the S. asakoae species-group." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.024" volume="176" year="2017 b">Takaoka et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. yunnanense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="yunnanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. yunnanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chen &amp; Zhang from Yunnan, China (
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, HB" journalOrPublisher="Acta Parasitology et Medica Entomologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="87 - 90" refId="B3" refString="Chen, HB, Zhang, CL, 2004. A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) from Yunnan Province, China (Diptera: Simuliidae). Acta Parasitology et Medica Entomologica Sinica 11: 87 - 90" title="A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) from Yunnan Province, China (Diptera: Simuliidae)." volume="11" year="2004">Chen and Zhang 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phulocense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="phulocense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. phulocense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Takaoka &amp; Chen and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. unii" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="unii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. unii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Takaoka &amp; Pham, both from Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B24" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Pham, XD, 2015. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam. Zootaxa 3961: 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" volume="3961" year="2015">Takaoka et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">2017a</bibRefCitation>
), have a similar cocoon with a short anterodorsal projection. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maewongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="maewongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. maewongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is distinguished from these six known species by the following characters (those of each related species in parentheses): from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gyorkosae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="gyorkosae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. gyorkosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the female mandible lacking outer teeth (four or five outer teeth); from
<taxonomicName lsidName="myanmarense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="myanmarense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">myanmarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of male upper-eye facets in eleven vertical columns (15 or rarely 14 vertical columns); from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. jianfengense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="jianfengense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. jianfengense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the ventral plate produced anteromedially when viewed ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7B</figureCitation>
) (not produced), and with its ventral margin rounded when viewed posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7D</figureCitation>
) (pointed ventrally); from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. yunnanense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="yunnanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. yunnanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the yellow hair tuft of the base of the radial vein (black hair tuft); from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phulocense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="phulocense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. phulocense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the relative length of the female sensory vesicle against the third palpal segment 0.36 (0.26-0.27) and male upper-eye facets in eleven vertical columns (12 or 13 vertical columns); from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. unii" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="unii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. unii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by upper-eye facets in eleven vertical columns (13 or 14 vertical columns), and the ventral plate with its lateral margins emarginated medially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male and pupa of S. maewongense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433871" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7B</figureCitation>
) (ventral plate narrowed posteriorly).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The larval body color pattern (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25M</figureCitation>
) of this new species is similar to that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tuenense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tuenense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tuenense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Takaoka from Taiwan (
<bibRefCitation author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="365 - 403" publicationUrl="http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/20%284%29-365.pdf" refId="B12" refString="Takaoka, H, 1979. The black flies of Taiwan (Diptera: Simuliidae). Pacific Insects 20: 365 - 403, http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/20%284%29-365.pdf" title="The black flies of Taiwan (Diptera: Simuliidae)." url="http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/20%284%29-365.pdf" volume="20" year="1979">Takaoka 1979</bibRefCitation>
), although
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tuenense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tuenense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tuenense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from this new species by the number of male upper-eye facets in 15 vertical columns and 15 or 16 horizontal rows and cocoon without an anterodorsal projection (
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, YT" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Biomedicine" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="577 - 588" publicationUrl="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22433887" refId="B5" refString="Huang, YT, Takaoka, H, Otsuka, Y, Aoki, C, 2011. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) taitungense, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan, with description of the male of S. (G.) tuenense Takaoka. Tropical Biomedicine 28: 577 - 588, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22433887" title="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) taitungense, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan, with description of the male of S. (G.) tuenense Takaoka." url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22433887" volume="28" year="2011">Huang et. al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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