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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe3035b3-171d-4eed-b174-52215d61cf0a" ID-PMC="PMC3833731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-1-23" ID-PubMed="24260617" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1993-078X-1-23" ModsDocOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 5 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" checkinTime="1552150672783" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wuelker, Wolfgang F., Kiknadze, I. I. &amp; Istomina, A. G." docDate="2011" docId="3764C71869A3460EA5312D90600E9ABF" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 5 (1): 23-46" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" docTitle="Chironomus transvaalensis Kieffer 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFB7FFCAFFB9D06EBA09FF9AFFAFFFAF" masterDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668127503573" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wuelker, Wolfgang F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kiknadze, I. I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Istomina, A. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
<mods:end>46</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-1-23</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154365656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3764C71869A3460EA5312D90600E9ABF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3764C71869A3460EA5312D90600E9ABF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Chironomus_transvaalensis" authority="Kieffer, 1923" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis Kieffer, 1923</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="previous reports">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Previous reports:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Socie ́ te ́ scientifique de Bruxelles" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="382 - 388" title="Chironomidae de l'Afrique de sud." volume="42" year="1923">Kieffer 1923</bibRefCitation>
, imago.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Mc Lachlan 1969, 1971: larva and pupa.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
, imago.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Martin 1979</bibRefCitation>
, banding sequence of chromosome arm F.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<bibRefCitation author="Wuelker, W" journalOrPublisher="Acta biologica debrecina, supplement oecologica Hungarica" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="373 - 387" title="Computer-assisted studies of chromosome evolution in the genus Chironomus (Dipt.). Comparative and integrated analysis of chromosome arms A, E and F." volume="2" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
, banding sequences of arms A, E, and F, phylogenetic position of species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="karyotype">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Karyotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
(Fig. 2a). Haploid number n=4, arm combination AE CD BF G (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pseudothummi”">&quot;pseudothummi&quot;</normalizedToken>
cytocomplex), centromeric bands not heterochromatinized, nucleolus in arm C, inversion polymorphism in arms C and G.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Banding sequences (Fig. 2b-f).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
Figure 2b-f. Homozygous banding sequences of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
in arms A, E, C, D and F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Arm A (Fig. 2b) has the sequence trvA1, differing by only one inversion step from the basic sequence holA1.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
Arm E (Fig. 2c) has the banding sequence trvE1, differing only by one step from basic sequence aciE1 (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus acidophilus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">Chironomus acidophilus</taxonomicName>
Keyl, 1960 etc.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
Arm C (Fig. 2d, j) has two banding sequences, trvC1 and trvC2, differing by one simple inversion (Fig. 2j). The sequence trvC1 is formed by four inversion steps from a basic sequence, (lonC1), found in several
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus longistylus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longistylus">Chironomus longistylus</taxonomicName>
Goetghebuer, 1921,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus anthracinus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Chironomus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt, 1860 etc.).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
Figure 2g-j. Homozygous and heterozygous banding sequences of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
in arm G (
<normalizedToken originalValue="g–i">g-i</normalizedToken>
) and heterozygous inversion in arm C (j). Brackets above arms indicate the localization of inversions. The designations are the same as in Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Arm D (Fig. 2e) has the sequence trvD1 differing from pigST by four inversion steps.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Arm B (Fig. 2a) not mapped, monomorphic. BR is well developed.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Arm F (Fig. 2f) has the banding sequence trvF1 differing from cosmopolitan basic pigST by three inversion steps.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="28" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
G (Fig. 2g-i) has three banding sequences, trvG1, trvG2, and trvG3. The sequence trvG2 differs from trvG1 by a short inversion in the region BR1 (Fig. 2h); the sequence trvG3 - by long inversion of central part of arm G (Fig. 2i). Both last sequences were found as heterozygotes. There are four Balbiani rings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
In total, the banding sequence pool of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
contains 10 sequences, all of them are Ethiopian endemic sequences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="larva">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Larva:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">tubuli laterales at abdominal segment VII. Other characters - Mc Lachlan, 1969.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Distribution:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
various places in Africa,
<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman (1957)</bibRefCitation>
; Blantyre Malawi (Mc Lachlan),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
, 1957: pool east Lake Victoria, Kikuwi-river, Tanzania (J. Grunewald), Pretoria South Africa, Israel (Martin, personal communication).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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