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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280407" ID-GBIF-Dataset="647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124407435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280407" checkinTime="1471630429166" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piotr Naskrecki" docDate="2000" docId="634387D1A348FFAA15F7FE36FEAB3875" docLanguage="en" docName="Naskrecki_KCR_2000.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Philadelphia, PA: The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sphyrometopa Carl 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="9F7AFFA9A32AFFCE167AFFC3FFF13C6E" masterDocTitle="Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato)." pageId="98" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1645797358202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato).</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Piotr Naskrecki</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2000</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Philadelphia, PA</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.270035</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">270035</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280407" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124407435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280407" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:634387D1A348FFAA15F7FE36FEAB3875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/634387D1A348FFAA15F7FE36FEAB3875" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection box="[909,1222,501,523]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="98.[909,1222,501,523]" box="[909,1222,501,523]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<heading box="[909,1222,501,523]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="Carl, 1908" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1908" box="[909,1222,501,523]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[909,1112,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">SPHYROMETOPA</emphasis>
Carl, 1908
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1341,559,611]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
1908 Carl, Revue
<collectingCountry box="[956,1022,559,581]" name="Switzerland" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Suisse</collectingCountry>
de Zool. 16: 135;
<typeStatus box="[1205,1252,560,581]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName authority="Carl, 1908" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1908" box="[829,1169,589,611]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis box="[829,1057,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Sphyrometopa femorata</emphasis>
Carl, 1908
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1360,647,963]" box="[771,882,647,669]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<heading bold="true" box="[771,882,647,669]" fontSize="9" level="13" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" reason="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,882,647,669]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1360,647,963]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
Body robust, size medium for the subfamily; both sexes mesopterous, with tegmina not reaching apex of abdomen (
<figureCitation box="[832,914,735,757]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
A, 37F); tegumen moderately rugose. Fastigium of vertex nearly 4 times broader than scapus, short and blunt, continuous with fastigium of frons; no traces of genal carinae present; frons weakly convex. Fore
<taxonomicName box="[771,846,853,875]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed ventrally, mid and hind
<taxonomicName box="[1210,1285,853,875]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
armed on lower anterior margins with minute spines. Male cercus unique (
<figureCitation box="[902,983,911,933]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
E-F); ovipositor shorter than half of femur, distinctly upcurved, acute apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1361,999,1725]" box="[771,1222,999,1021]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,900,999,1021]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Description</emphasis>
(male except where specified)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1361,999,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis box="[794,875,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Head.—</emphasis>
Fastigium of vertex about 4 times as wide as scapus, blunt and as long as diameter of eye; fastigium of vertex continuous with fastigium of frons (
<figureCitation box="[1260,1333,1087,1109]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
B). Eyes small relative to size of head, weakly protruding. Frons weakly convex, smooth; tegumen of head weakly rugose, without traces of genal carinae; face broad. Mandibles and labrum weakly asymmetrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1361,999,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis box="[794,999,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Thorax and wings.—</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of pronotum moderately rugose, flat; anterior dorsal margin straight, posterior one straight to weakly convex (
<figureCitation box="[1181,1255,1293,1315]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
C); lateral lobes with posterior angle narrowly rounded; humeral sinus weakly developed. Thoracic auditory spiracle large, elliptical, completely hidden under lateral lobe of pronotum. Prosternum armed with two thin, widely separated spines (modified basisternum); mesosternum with lateral lobes of basisterna triangular, oblique; metasternal lobes also triangular and oblique but with their bases wider than those of mesobasisterna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[771,1361,999,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
Tegmina in both sexes shortened, not reaching end of abdomen; tegmina oval to narrowly triangular with rounded apex (
<figureCitation box="[929,1008,1615,1637]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
A-B); hind wings reduced, as long as 1/3 to 3/4 of tegmina. Stridulatory apparatus of male well developed; stridulatory area of left wing thickened, with dense network of secondary veinlets; stridulatory
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BF95664FA349FFAD16D4FF0CFC543C8A" box="[174,933,207,229]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF95664FA349FFAD16D4FF0CFC543C8A" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" targetBox="[174,1335,265,459]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="99">
<paragraph blockId="99.[174,933,207,229]" box="[174,933,207,229]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,290,207,228]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">TABLE 16.</emphasis>
Key for identification of Costa Rican species of
<taxonomicName box="[795,933,207,228]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphyrometopa</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<table box="[174,1335,265,459]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<tr box="[174,1335,265,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,265,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[174,252,265,287]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">Species</heading>
</th>
<th box="[295,607,265,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Tegmina</th>
<th box="[627,1092,265,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Male cerci</th>
<th box="[1119,1335,265,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Stridulatory file</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1335,322,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,322,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[174,258,322,343]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[174,258,322,343]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis box="[174,258,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</th>
<td box="[295,607,322,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
broadly oval, reaching 6th or 7th tergite (
<figureCitation box="[490,561,351,373]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
A)
</td>
<td box="[627,1092,322,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
dorsal lobe of cercus always pointed, same color as remainder of cercus (
<figureCitation box="[999,1070,351,373]" captionStart="FIG. 24" captionStartId="97.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[177,1376,204,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[174,1376,204,1609]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIG. 24. Eppia truncatipennis. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. titillators, everted, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270060/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
E)
</td>
<td box="[1119,1335,322,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
with about 200 teeth (
<figureCitation box="[1126,1197,351,373]" captionStart="FIG. 46" captionStartId="144.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[230,1291,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[230,1292,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIG. 46. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Bucrates capitatus, B. ditto, enlarged fragment, C. Bucrates clausus, enlarged fragment, D. ditto, entire file, E. Pyrgocorypha rogersi, entire file, F. ditto, enlarged fragment, G. Pyrgocorypha hamata, enlarged fragment, H. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270082/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
B)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1335,409,459]" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,409,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[174,259,409,430]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[174,259,409,430]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis box="[174,259,409,430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</th>
<td box="[295,607,409,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
narrowly triangular, reaching 8th or 9th tergite (
<figureCitation box="[484,554,437,459]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
B)
</td>
<td box="[627,1092,409,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
dorsal lobe of cercus usually rounded, darker than remainder of cercus (
<figureCitation box="[981,1052,437,459]" captionStart="FIG. 24" captionStartId="97.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[177,1376,204,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[174,1376,204,1609]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIG. 24. Eppia truncatipennis. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. titillators, everted, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270060/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
F)
</td>
<td box="[1119,1335,409,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[1119,1335,409,431]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">with about 170 teeth</heading>
(
<figureCitation box="[1126,1197,437,459]" captionStart="FIG. 46" captionStartId="144.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[230,1291,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[230,1292,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIG. 46. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Bucrates capitatus, B. ditto, enlarged fragment, C. Bucrates clausus, enlarged fragment, D. ditto, entire file, E. Pyrgocorypha rogersi, entire file, F. ditto, enlarged fragment, G. Pyrgocorypha hamata, enlarged fragment, H. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270082/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
B)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="99.[174,763,529,1313]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
file (vein AA1) weakly curved (
<figureCitation box="[513,597,529,551]" captionStart="FIG. 48" captionStartId="146.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[219,1290,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[219,1290,204,1636]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIG. 48. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Sphyrometopa femorata, C. Sphyrometopa atlantica, C. ditto, enlarged fragment, D. Eppia truncatipennis, enlarged fragment, E. ditto, entire file, F. Caulopsis cuspidata, entire file, G. ditto, enlarged fragment, H. Caulopsis microprora, enlarged fragment, I. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270084/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Figs. 48</figureCitation>
A-C), with narrow, regularly spaced teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="99.[174,763,529,1313]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis box="[196,270,588,609]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Legs.—</emphasis>
Fore coxa with an elongate, forward projecting spine dorsally. All
<taxonomicName box="[364,439,617,639]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed dorsally; fore
<taxonomicName box="[687,762,617,639]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed ventrally, mid and hind
<taxonomicName box="[518,592,646,668]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
armed ventrally on anterior ventral margins with few minute spines; only posterior genicular lobes of mid and hind
<taxonomicName box="[613,688,705,727]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
armed with short spines, remaining lobes obtuse. Fore and mid tibiae unarmed dorsally, both ventral margins with immovable, short spines; hind tibia armed on both dorsal margins but with only 2 small spines on anterior ventral margin; apex of tibia with two pairs of ventral and one pair of dorsal movable spurs. Tympanum on fore tibia bilaterally closed, tympanal slits facing forward, tympanal area only weakly swollen, with pair of small, elongated pits below tympanal slits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="99.[174,763,529,1313]" lastBlockId="99.[794,1383,529,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis box="[196,317,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Abdomen.—</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of abdominal terga smooth, unmodified. Male 10th tergite with deep apical emargination, supraanal plate small, triangular; female 10th tergite with deep, narrowly triangular incision. Male cercus unique (
<figureCitation box="[260,339,1115,1137]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
E-F), its base stout, with two dorsal lobes and long apical projection, curved backwards, overhanging basal part of cercus, its tip serrated ventrally; female cercus, simple, conical, but with apex distinctly attenuated. Subgenital plate of male with pair of styli, its posterior margin straight or with small, triangular emargination; female subgenital plate widely trapezoidal, its apex straight or weakly emarginated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="99.[794,1383,529,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
Male concealed genitalia with inner phallic lobes strongly sclerotized, forming a pair of divergent titillators (titillators not separated from membrane); outer phallic lobes with small, sclerotized patches (
<figureCitation box="[1186,1258,646,668]" captionStart="FIG. 26" captionStartId="104.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[166,1375,209,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[166,1375,204,1624]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIG. 26. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa and Moncheca. A. S. femorata - male left tegmen, B. S. atlantica- male left tegmen, C. S. femorata - titillators, everted, D-F. M. pretiosa: D. female head and pronotum, lateral view, E. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, F. male cerci, dorsal view, G. male cerci, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270062/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
C). Ovipositor short, sickle-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[1068,1144,675,697]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
A), very thick at base (when seen from below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="99.[794,1383,529,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis box="[817,946,734,755]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Coloration.—</emphasis>
General coloration mottled grayish-brown to dark brown (
<figureCitation box="[968,1042,763,786]" captionStart="FIG. 37" captionStartId="135.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[227,1329,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@135.[227,1330,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="FIG. 37. Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Erioloides longipennis - female ovipositing, B. Erioloides longinoi - male, C. Eriolus penicillus - female, D. Conocephalus cinereus - male, macropterous form, E. Neoconocephalus triops - male, brown form, F. Sphyrometopa atlantica - male, inset - nymph." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270073/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
F); face with large, black patch, bordered with thin, diffused, whitish margins (
<figureCitation box="[1285,1355,793,815]" captionStart="FIG. 25" captionStartId="103.[174,218,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[257,1301,204,1635]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIG. 25. Costa Rican species of Sphyrometopa. A-E. S. femorata: A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal view, E. male left cercus, lateral view, F. S. atlantica - male left cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270061/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
B); legs mottled brown, lower half of outer pagina of hind femur black, bordered by diffused, whitish stripe; dorsal portion of abdomen usually lighter; cerci yellowishbrown with dark apical portions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="99.[794,1383,969,1313]" lastBlockId="100.[151,740,207,1051]" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis box="[817,930,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Remarks.—</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName box="[1052,1190,969,990]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1052,1190,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Sphyrometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes two species, both of them originally described from
<collectingCountry box="[1264,1379,998,1020]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and both apparently endemic to this country [although an unidentified species of
<taxonomicName box="[1089,1229,1057,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1089,1229,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Sphyrometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported from
<collectingRegion box="[853,972,1086,1108]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<collectingCountry box="[853,938,1087,1108]" name="Panama" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Panama</collectingCountry>
by
</collectingRegion>
<bibRefCitation author="Nickle, D. A." box="[978,1123,1085,1108]" editor="Quintero, D." journalOrPublisher="Oxford. University Press. London, Tokyo, New York" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="142 - 184" refString="Nickle, D. A. 1992. Chapter 10. Katydids of Panama (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). In: Quintero, D. and Aiello, A. (eds.) Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica, Selected Studies, pp. 142 - 184. Oxford. University Press. London, Tokyo, New York." title="Chapter 10. Katydids of Panama (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica" year="1992">Nickle (1992)</bibRefCitation>
]. The closest relatives of the genus seem to be genera
<taxonomicName authority="Caudell" authorityName="Caudell" box="[1095,1317,1115,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dectinomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1095,1226,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Dectinomima</emphasis>
Caudell
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1326,1382,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Eppia</emphasis>
Stål
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Caudell. The" authorityName="Caudell. The" box="[892,1107,1145,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Uchuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[892,966,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Uchuca</emphasis>
Caudell. The
</taxonomicName>
unique appearance of the members of the genus, with shortened wings, characteristic coloration, and the shape of male cerci, makes them some of the easiest to identify species of Costa Rican
<taxonomicName box="[794,936,1262,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
. They are also the only species of the family that can be found almost exclusively on the forest floor, among fallen leaves or on low, herbaceous vegetation.
<bibRefCitation author="Rentz, D. C. F." box="[151,286,237,259]" journalOrPublisher="Ent. News" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="189 - 202" part="87" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. 1976. Systematics, behavior and bionomics of Costa Rican katydids of the genus Sphyrometopa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Agraeciinae). Ent. News 87: 189 - 202." title="Systematics, behavior and bionomics of Costa Rican katydids of the genus Sphyrometopa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Agraeciinae)" type="journal article" year="1976">Rentz (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, who reviewed the genus, noted that they inhabit primary growth forests and only secondarily move to clearings and forest openings of early secondary growth.At La Selva Biological Station,
<taxonomicName box="[591,699,325,346]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis box="[591,699,325,346]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">S. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found along primary forest trails among low vegetation, especially if the habitat is vegetated by
<taxonomicName authority="A. Braun, Diffenbachia" authorityName="A. Braun, Diffenbachia" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Selaginellales" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eurynota">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Selaginella eurynota</emphasis>
A. Braun,
<emphasis box="[359,563,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Diffenbachia seguine</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Schott, and
<taxonomicName authority="H.A. Wendl. I" authorityName="H.A. Wendl. I" box="[151,498,442,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malortieanus">
<emphasis box="[151,350,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Costus malortieanus</emphasis>
H.A. Wendl. I
</taxonomicName>
also observed this species deep within the primary forest, in places with sparse vegetation at the ground level and the canopy permitting at least a small amount of light to reach the ground.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BF95664FA349FFAD16D4FAA3FD0839FD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF95664FA349FFAD16D4FAA3FD0839FD" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" targetBox="[174,1368,1462,1715]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="99">
<paragraph blockId="99.[174,792,1376,1427]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,290,1376,1397]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">TABLE 17.</emphasis>
Body measurements of species of
<taxonomicName box="[654,792,1376,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[654,792,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Sphyrometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all measurements are lengths in mm: range, mean±SD)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<table box="[174,1368,1462,1715]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<tr box="[174,1368,1462,1484]" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,1462,1484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Species</th>
<th box="[294,484,1462,1484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Body</th>
<th box="[506,707,1462,1484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Tegmen</th>
<th box="[739,893,1462,1484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Pronotum</th>
<th box="[929,1119,1462,1484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Hind femur</th>
<th box="[1179,1368,1462,1484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ovipositor</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1520,1541]" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th box="[174,259,1520,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[174,258,1520,1541]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[174,258,1520,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis box="[174,258,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1549,1571]" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,1549,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">male</th>
<td box="[294,484,1549,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">19.9-27.6, 23.8±5.4</td>
<td box="[506,707,1549,1571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">11.8-12.2, 12±0.3</td>
<td box="[739,893,1549,1571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">8.4-9.3, 8.9±0.6</td>
<td box="[929,1119,1549,1571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">18.7-22.2, 20.5±2.5</td>
<td box="[1179,1368,1549,1571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">na</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1577,1599]" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,1577,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">female</th>
<td box="[294,484,1577,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">26-30.9, 27.4±2.4</td>
<td box="[506,707,1577,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">9.4-10.8, 10±0.6</td>
<td box="[739,893,1577,1599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">8.6-9.5, 8.9±0.4</td>
<td box="[929,1119,1577,1599]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">21.4-23.8, 22.4±1</td>
<td box="[1179,1368,1577,1599]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">10.2-10.7, 10.5±0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1635,1656]" gridrow="4" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th box="[174,259,1635,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<heading box="[174,259,1635,1656]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[174,259,1635,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis box="[174,259,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1664,1686]" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,1664,1686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">male</th>
<td box="[294,484,1664,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">24.1-28.3, 26.1±1.7</td>
<td box="[506,707,1664,1686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">14.4-15.6, 14.9±0.4</td>
<td box="[739,893,1664,1686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">8.6-9.3, 8.9±0.3</td>
<td box="[929,1119,1664,1686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">21.4-23.5, 22.5±0.9</td>
<td box="[1179,1368,1664,1686]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">na</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1368,1693,1715]" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
<th box="[174,259,1693,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">female</th>
<td box="[294,484,1693,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">21.9-27.7, 24.5±2.5</td>
<td box="[506,707,1693,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">12.3-14.8, 13.9±1.15</td>
<td box="[739,893,1693,1715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">8.4-9.2, 8.7±0.4</td>
<td box="[929,1119,1693,1715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">22.9-23.8, 23.3±0.5</td>
<td box="[1179,1368,1693,1715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">9.3-10.2, 9.8±0.4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="100.[151,740,207,1051]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
Unlike adult individuals, nymphs of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Sphyrometopa atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are light green, with small, dark, irregular patches (
<figureCitation box="[245,318,618,640]" captionStart="FIG. 36" captionStartId="134.[151,196,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[239,1270,204,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@134.[239,1270,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIG. 36. Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Conocephalus angustifrons - male, B. Caulopsis cuspidata - female, C. Acantheremus colwelli - male, D. Vestria punctata - male and female, in copula, E. Copiphora hastata - male, F. Podacanthophorus vargasi - female, G. Copiphora rhinoceros - male eating a snail, H. Subria sylvestris - male, brown form." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270072/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
F). They undergo at least 5 nymphal instars before reaching maturity. The 5th nymphal instar loses its green coloration and turns dark brown. Nymphs of
<taxonomicName box="[176,283,706,728]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis box="[176,283,706,728]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">S. femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
turn brown much earlier or are never green. Nymphs of both species are diurnal. They occur in green vegetation and rarely descend to the ground. Adults are strictly nocturnal and spend most of their time on the ground, with the exception of singing males that have been observed singing from underneath large leaves at least
<quantity box="[208,249,882,904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
above the ground. Little is known about the diet of
<taxonomicName box="[220,354,911,932]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[220,354,911,932]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Sphyrometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<bibRefCitation author="Rentz, D. C. F." box="[406,533,911,933]" journalOrPublisher="Ent. News" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="189 - 202" part="87" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. 1976. Systematics, behavior and bionomics of Costa Rican katydids of the genus Sphyrometopa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Agraeciinae). Ent. News 87: 189 - 202." title="Systematics, behavior and bionomics of Costa Rican katydids of the genus Sphyrometopa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Agraeciinae)" type="journal article" year="1976">Rentz (1976)</bibRefCitation>
reported that adults of
<taxonomicName box="[177,285,941,962]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis box="[177,285,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">S. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been seen feeding on flowers of ginger
<emphasis box="[151,329,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
(
<taxonomicName box="[159,318,970,992]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malortieanus">C. malortieanus</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
In captivity individuals of this species thrived for several months on the diet of corn, carrots, lettuce, and apple.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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