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<document id="10751395D40182BC3ACDD204D479E678" ID-CLB-Dataset="4261" ID-DOI="10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0028" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69cf944a-43de-4eeb-bdd7-3dee10cde70c" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512220" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631798300768" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Oliveira, Aline Machado, Powell, Scott &amp; Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado" docDate="2021" docId="038587E5FFEAFFDFFFFDFBB4D1B4FB2D" docLanguage="en" docName="RevBrasilEntomol.65.3.e20210028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65 (3), No. e 20210028" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0028" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864.1:RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864" docStyleName="RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cephalotes grandinosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFBCFF9DFFF4FFC0FF8CFF91D476FFAA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1699449320468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B368822BE6A79996012A2BD53DFDC215">A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="421E79BB3F6ACD5458100BE031F2078F">Oliveira, Aline Machado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE21E9C7B5BF0A952C0316F61A9C4209">Powell, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36D7F12882EF246DA076BB674E67024A">Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="43AAFA4BE1E5461296EB5E5F4966251F">Revista Brasileira de Entomologia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038587E5FFEAFFDFFFFDFBB4D1B4FB2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512305" ID-GBIF-Taxon="187975351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587E5FFEAFFDFFFFDFBB4D1B4FB2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587E5FFEAFFDFFFFDFBB4D1B4FB2D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDEFFFDFBB4D5DBFB92" box="[113,429,1061,1080]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFFFDFBB4D5DBFB92" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" box="[113,429,1061,1080]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFEAFFDEFFFDFBB4D5DBFB92" bold="true" box="[113,429,1061,1080]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFFFDFBB4D5DBFB92" bold="true" box="[113,429,1061,1080]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF10FBB4D56DFB92" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[156,283,1061,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDEFFFDFBD3D603FAAF" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFFFDFBD3D566FBFF" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" box="[113,272,1090,1109]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFFF5FBD3D4B5FBFF" box="[121,195,1090,1109]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFF40FBD3D490FBFF" box="[204,230,1090,1109]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFF63FBD3D571FBFF" box="[239,263,1090,1109]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="32.[113,166,986,1003]" captionTargetBox="[330,1284,158,968]" captionTargetId="figure-452@32.[318,1299,151,970]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 35 Distribution maps of grandinosus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:13, 19, 21, 27, 32, 40, 43, 45, 49, 59, 67, 70, 71, 76)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512325/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">35</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFF1BFBCED603FAAF" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF32FBCED544FBD8" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[190,306,1119,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
groupwas first proposed by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) including five species:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFE6FFBECD61EFB25" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[483,616,1148,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">C. persimplex</taxonomicName>
, described by De
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFEAFFDEFFFEFB0BD48EFB07" box="[114,248,1178,1197]" name="India" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">AndradeinDe</collectingCountry>
Andradeand Baroni Urbani (1999),
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFDDCFB0BD6E1FB07" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[592,663,1178,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">C. klugi</taxonomicName>
, knownonly for the gyne,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF7EFB26D51CFB60" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[242,362,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">C. persimilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEF9FB26D673FB60" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[373,517,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">C. grandinosus</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFDB5FB26D6D1FB60" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[569,679,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliaceus">C. foliaceus</taxonomicName>
. These last three composed the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEBBFB45D5CAFB4D" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[311,444,1236,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">formerpinelii</taxonomicName>
group by Kempf (1952), along with
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFFFCFB60D4AEFAAE" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[112,216,1265,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incertus">C. incertus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF6FFB60D516FAAE" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[227,352,1265,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">C. maculatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEE6FB60D5B7FAAE" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[362,449,1265,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">C. pinelii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFE46FB60D606FAAE" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[458,624,1265,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutulatus">andC. scutulatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDEFF1BFA9FD6E2F8C0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFF1BFA9FD690FA1E" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Grandinosus and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEC4FA9FD5F1FA8B" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[328,391,1294,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">pinelii</taxonomicName>
are sister groups in the morphological phylogeny (De Andrade and Baroni Urbani, 1999, see their
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFD4FFABDD773FA95" box="[707,773,1324,1343]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="23.[83,136,1695,1712]" captionTargetBox="[93,737,1092,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-711@23.[80,758,1076,1672]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 24 Distribution map of coffeae group in Brazil.Black circle:material examined. Red square: new record." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512293/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
), sharing many characters, as the strongly dorsoventrally flattened body, dorsum of mesosoma continuous, and lamellarexpansions on mesosoma, petiole, postpetioleand gaster. Both groups differ only by the presence of a lamella on hind femora and the lighter color in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFDE5FA31D697FA19" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[617,737,1440,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFF1BFA2FD68BF937" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
In the molecularphylogeny (Price et al., 2016, see their
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFD2FFA2FD696FA7B" box="[675,736,1470,1489]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[113,166,1905,1922]" captionTargetBox="[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3 Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C.pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C.clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512226/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.S3</figureCitation>
), the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFFFCFA4AD495FA44" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[112,227,1499,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF65FA4AD53CFA44" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[233,330,1499,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">andpinelii</taxonomicName>
groups arerecovered asparaphyletic.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFD25FA4AD4BEF9A1" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliaceus">Cephalotes foliaceus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF5BFA69D539F9A1" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[215,335,1528,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group) is sister to C. sp. 2 (here described as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFFFDF984D553F982" authority="Oliveira &amp; Powell &amp; Feitosa, 2021" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Powell &amp; Feitosa" authorityYear="2021" box="[113,293,1557,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariadeandrade" status="sp. nov.">C. mariadeandrade</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFEA5F984D5D6F982" bold="true" box="[297,416,1557,1576]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B579AFFEAFFDEFEA5F984D5D6F982" box="[297,416,1557,1576]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFE4CF984D669F982" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[448,543,1557,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">thepinelii</taxonomicName>
group). The clade formed by the otherspecies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEE3F9A3D591F9EF" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[367,487,1586,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFDBEF9A2D6CBF9EF" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[562,701,1586,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">C. grandinosuş</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFD4AF9A2D77BF9EF" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[710,781,1586,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">C. klugi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFFFDF9C1D481F9C9" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[113,247,1616,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">C. persimplex</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEA5F9C1D5D7F9C9" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[297,417,1616,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">C. persimilis</taxonomicName>
) is the sister group of a clade formed by some of the previously designated species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFD1CF9FCD6A6F92A" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[656,720,1645,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">pinelii</taxonomicName>
group (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFFF5F91BD480F937" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[121,246,1674,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">C. maculatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFE8CF91BD520F937" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[256,342,1674,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liepini">C. liepini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEECF91BD5C0F937" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[352,438,1674,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilpiei">C. nilpiei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFE4CF91BD660F937" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[448,534,1674,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">C. pinelii</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFDC9F91BD6EDF937" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[581,667,1674,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pileini">C. pileini</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFD3CF91BD686F937" box="[688,752,1674,1693]" captionStart="Figure54" captionStartId="45.[82,133,1642,1659]" captionTargetBox="[84,1473,151,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-167@45.[83,1473,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure54 Themaximum cladecredibility treefrom phylogenetic analysesperformed byPriceet al.(2016) basedonmorphologicalandmoleculardata.The tree has beentrimmedtoinclude onlythose species knownfromBrazil.Thelabelsforthespecies groupsfollowour proposals,including thesynonymies,andtheprevious namesforthesynonymized groupsareshown ingrey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512379/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFF1BF936D6E2F8C0" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The morphologicalsimilarities and phylogeneticassociation between speciesof the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFF63F955D55CF97D" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[239,298,1732,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinelii">pinelii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFEA3F955D5B3F97D" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[303,453,1732,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">andgrandinosus</taxonomicName>
groupssuggest theylikely represent asingle evolutionarylineage (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFE1BF973D5A1F95E" box="[407,471,1761,1781]" captionStart="Figure54" captionStartId="45.[82,133,1642,1659]" captionTargetBox="[84,1473,151,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-167@45.[83,1473,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure54 Themaximum cladecredibility treefrom phylogenetic analysesperformed byPriceet al.(2016) basedonmorphologicalandmoleculardata.The tree has beentrimmedtoinclude onlythose species knownfromBrazil.Thelabelsforthespecies groupsfollowour proposals,including thesynonymies,andtheprevious namesforthesynonymized groupsareshown ingrey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512379/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
). Evenbeing paraphyletic, these groups are morphologically diagnosable, thus we kept it separate here, since we have not examined the species occurring outside
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFEAFFDEFD16F88DD6A7F885" box="[666,721,1820,1839]" name="Brazil" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in this study, what would help to better understand the relationships and limits between these species and redefine these groups.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDEFF1BF8E2D0BAFB07" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFF1BF8E2D16AFBF2" blockId="30.[112,787,1061,1985]" lastBlockId="30.[830,1504,1061,1112]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFF1BF8E2D575F82C" bold="true" box="[151,259,1907,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
In workers, body strongly flattened dorsoventrally. In dorsal view, dorsum of mesosoma continuous, with lamellar lateral expansions. In workers and soldiers, hindfemora with a ventral and/or dorsal lamellar crest, usually crenulate and narrow (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFAA3FBB4D11BFB92" box="[1327,1389,1061,1080]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[83,136,1881,1898]" captionTargetBox="[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-152@5.[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2 Workers of Cephalotes. A: C. atratus (atratus group) [CASENT0178627]. B: C. depressus (depressus group) [CASENT0173671]. C and F: C. pusillus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173703].D and I:C.pellans (pallens group) [CASENT0173697].E:C.solidus (solidus group).G:C.cordatus (depressus group) [CASENT0922596].H:C.frigidus (angustus group) [UFV-LABECOL-004442]. J: C. basalis (basalis group). K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group) [CASENT0922544]. L: C. maculatus (pinelii group) [CASENT0909295]. M: C. trichophorus (coffeae group). N and R: C. conspersus (angustus group) [R: CASENT0922530]. O: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]. P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. Q: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). fle: femoral lamellar expansions. ge: gastral expansions. pd: posterodorsal spine. ple: propodeal lamellar expansions. ps: propodeal spine. pv: posteroventral spine.vle: vertexal lamellar expansions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512224/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.2k</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFAF9FBB4D1FBFB92" box="[1397,1421,1061,1080]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[113,166,1905,1922]" captionTargetBox="[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3 Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C.pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C.clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512226/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3k</figureCitation>
). Petiole and postpetiole with lamellar lateral expansions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3FB0BD0BAFB07" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" box="[831,1228,1178,1197]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFEAFFDEFCB3FB0BD0BAFB07" bold="true" box="[831,1228,1178,1197]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCB3FB0BD0BAFB07" bold="true" box="[831,1228,1178,1197]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Brazilian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFB86FB0BD0FFFB07" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1034,1161,1178,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDEFCE9FB2BD170FA05" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCE9FB2BD09EFB67" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" box="[869,1256,1210,1229]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFEAFFDEFCE9FB2BD09EFB67" bold="true" box="[869,1256,1210,1229]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFCE9FB2BD09EFB67" authority="(Smith, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[869,1256,1210,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCE9FB2BD09EFB67" bold="true" box="[869,1256,1210,1229]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cephalotes grandinosus (Smith, 1860)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFC13FB4BD1A9FA87" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFB73FB4BD101FB47" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1279,1399,1242,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFC3DFB6BD0EFFAA7" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[945,1177,1274,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">Cephalotes grandinosus</taxonomicName>
nevadensis (Forel, 1912) Obsolete combination:Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFB74FA8BD119FA87" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1272,1391,1306,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
nevadensis
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCE9FAABD146FAC4" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFCE9FAABD783FAC4" authority="(Emery, 1894) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCE9FAABD0D4FAE7" bold="true" box="[869,1186,1338,1357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cephalotes klugi (Emery, 1894)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFB73FACAD146FAC4" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1279,1328,1371,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">klugi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCE9FAEAD08FFA24" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" box="[869,1273,1403,1422]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFCE9FAEAD08FFA24" authority="De Andrade, 1999" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[869,1273,1403,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCE9FAEAD08FFA24" bold="true" box="[869,1273,1403,1422]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Cephalotes persimilis De
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B02FFEAFFDEFBEBFAEAD08FFA24" author="Andrade, M. L. &amp; Baroni-Urbani, C." box="[1127,1273,1403,1422]" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 889" part="271" refId="ref42003" refString="13. Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1 - 889. [Geologie und Palaontologie]" title="Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present" type="journal article" year="1999">Andrade, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCE9FA0DD170FA05" blockId="30.[831,1503,1178,1455]" box="[869,1286,1436,1455]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFCE9FA0DD170FA05" authority="De Andrade, 1999" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[869,1286,1436,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCE9FA0DD170FA05" bold="true" box="[869,1286,1436,1455]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Cephalotes persimplex De
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B02FFEAFFDEFBF8FA0DD170FA05" author="Andrade, M. L. &amp; Baroni-Urbani, C." box="[1140,1286,1436,1455]" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 889" part="271" refId="ref42003" refString="13. Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1 - 889. [Geologie und Palaontologie]" title="Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present" type="journal article" year="1999">Andrade, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEAFFDFFCB3FA67D5AEFBAE" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3FA67D0B1F987" blockId="30.[831,1482,1525,1618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCB3FA67D0B1F987" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFAC7FA64D1BCF9A2" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1355,1482,1525,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFC11F98BD07BF987" ID-CoL="3KHW" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[925,1037,1562,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
based on workers
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F9AED7CFF9F8" blockId="30.[831,1482,1525,1618]" box="[831,953,1599,1618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFCCBF9AED7E6F9F8" box="[839,912,1599,1618]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
a-d)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F9E7D158F923" blockId="30.[831,1326,1654,1673]" box="[831,1326,1654,1673]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFCB3F9E7D719F923" bold="true" box="[831,879,1654,1673]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Note</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFCF0F9E7D068F923" ID-CoL="69JR9" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[892,1054,1654,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">Cephalotes klugi</taxonomicName>
is known only for the gyne.
</paragraph>
<key id="FFBD61C2FFEAFFDEFCB3F93CD197F86B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFEAFFDEFCB3F93CD197F88A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F93CD197F975" blockId="30.[830,1505,1708,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEAFFDEFCB3F93CD197F975" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
1 In dorsalview, anterior portion of thelamellar expansions of the gaster flat, continuouswiththegastraltergite (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFB13F95CD097F94A" box="[1183,1249,1741,1760]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.33c</figureCitation>
).........................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFAD4F95DD197F975" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1368,1505,1740,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFAD4F95DD197F975" bold="true" box="[1368,1505,1740,1759]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. grandinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F97CD197F88A" blockId="30.[830,1505,1708,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEAFFDEFCB3F97CD197F88A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
1’ Indorsal view, anteriorportion of thelamellar expansionsof thegaster bentdorsally, notcontinuous withthegastral tergite (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFA93F89CD112F88A" box="[1311,1380,1805,1824]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.33d</figureCitation>
).......................2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFEAFFDEFCB3F8BCD197F86B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F8BCD197F8CA" blockId="30.[830,1505,1708,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEAFFDEFCB3F8BCD197F8CA" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
2 Body hairs appressed, relatively broad and uniform, without a submedian constriction (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFBA6F8DCD007F8CB" box="[1066,1137,1869,1889]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.33a</figureCitation>
)...............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFAD7F8DCD197F8CA" ID-CoL="69JSD" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[1371,1505,1869,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFAD7F8DCD197F8CA" bold="true" box="[1371,1505,1869,1888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. persimplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEAFFDEFCB3F8FFD197F86B" blockId="30.[830,1505,1708,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEAFFDEFCB3F8FFD197F86B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
2’ Body hairsrelatively narrow, with a submedian constriction, which is not appressed to the body likethe remain partof the hair (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEAFFDEFAD3F81FD1DEF80B" box="[1375,1448,1934,1953]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="31.[83,136,880,897]" captionTargetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[310,1247,151,863]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 33 Workers of grandinosus group. A: C.persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.33b</figureCitation>
).......... ....................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEAFFDEFAE4F83FD197F86B" ID-CoL="5XK4D" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[1384,1505,1966,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEAFFDEFAE4F83FD197F86B" bold="true" box="[1384,1505,1966,1985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. persimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
<caption id="DF53667BFFEBFFDFFFDFFCE1D0DFFC2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512319" box="[83,1193,880,897]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512319/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[83,136,880,897]" targetBox="[310,1247,151,863]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFFDFFCE1D0DFFC2B" blockId="31.[83,1193,880,897]" box="[83,1193,880,897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFFDFFCE1D4D6FC2B" bold="true" box="[83,160,880,897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 33</emphasis>
Workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFE8DFCE1D514FC2B" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[257,354,880,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFE38FCE1D669FC2B" ID-CoL="69JSD" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[436,543,880,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">C.persimplex</taxonomicName>
[CASENT0922544]. Band D:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFC8BFCE1D71FFC2B" ID-CoL="5XK4D" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[775,873,880,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">C. persimilis</taxonomicName>
[B: CASENT0922542]. C:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFBBDFCE1D0D3FC2B" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1073,1189,880,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">C. grandinosus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFFDFFC45D5AEFBAE" blockId="31.[83,733,980,1057]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFFDFFC45D5AEFBAE" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFDD2FC45D6ABFC4D" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[606,733,980,999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">grandinosus</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFF3CFC60D556FBAE" ID-CoL="3KHW" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[176,288,1009,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
based on soldiers
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEBFFDFFFDFFB9FD4B1FB8B" box="[83,199,1038,1057]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFFDFFB9FD4B1FB8B" blockId="31.[83,733,980,1057]" box="[83,199,1038,1057]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFFD7FB9FD4D5FB8B" box="[91,163,1038,1057]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 34</figureCitation>
a-f)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEBFFDFFFDFFBD0D637FBFE" box="[83,577,1089,1108]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFFDFFBD0D637FBFE" blockId="31.[83,577,1089,1108]" box="[83,577,1089,1108]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFFDFFBD0D4F5FBFE" bold="true" box="[83,131,1089,1108]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Note</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFF1CFBD0D544FBFE" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[144,306,1089,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">Cephalotes klugi</taxonomicName>
is known only for the gyne.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFEBFFDFFFDFFBE4D1B4FB2D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="key">
<key id="FFBD61C2FFEBFFDFFFDFFBE4D1B4FB2D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFEBFFDFFFDFFBE4D1CBFBAD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFFDFFBE4D682FB2D" blockId="31.[83,756,1140,1160]" box="[83,756,1140,1160]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEBFFDFFFDFFBE4D682FB2D" box="[83,756,1140,1160]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
1 In frontal view, cephalic disc areolate (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFE50FBE4D651FB22" box="[476,551,1141,1160]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 34a</figureCitation>
)..........
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFDECFBE5D682FB2D" ID-CoL="5XK33" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[608,756,1140,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFDECFBE5D682FB2D" bold="true" box="[608,756,1140,1159]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. grandinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFCADFC45D1CBFBAD" blockId="31.[800,1475,980,1160]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEBFFDFFCADFC45D1CBFBAD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
1’ Infrontal view, cephalic disc foveate, space between foveae microalveolate (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFC4CFC65D07DFBAD" box="[960,1035,1012,1031]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 34b</figureCitation>
).....................................................................................2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFEBFFDFFCADFB85D1B4FB2D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFCADFB85D1B4FBED" blockId="31.[800,1475,980,1160]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEBFFDFFCADFB85D1B4FBED" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
2 Inlateral view, hairs oflateral faceofhead abundant, most hairstouching eachother (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFC05FBA5D7BDFBED" box="[905,971,1076,1095]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.34c</figureCitation>
). Hairsof headsubspatulate (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFB5CFBA5D163FBED" box="[1232,1301,1076,1095]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.34d</figureCitation>
).........
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFAC8FBA5D1B4FBED" ID-CoL="69JSD" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[1348,1474,1076,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimplex">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFAC8FBA5D1B4FBED" bold="true" box="[1348,1474,1076,1095]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. persimplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFEBFFDFFCADFBC4D1B4FB2D" blockId="31.[800,1475,980,1160]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFEBFFDFFCADFBC4D1B4FB2D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
2’ Inlateral view, hairsoflateral faceofheadsparse,hairs nevertouching each other (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFCD3FBE4D7D7FB22" box="[863,929,1141,1160]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.34f</figureCitation>
). Hairsof headsubrectangular (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFEBFFDFFB49FBE4D17CFB22" box="[1221,1290,1141,1160]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="31.[83,136,1937,1954]" captionTargetBox="[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-180@31.[105,1453,1207,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 34 Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699].B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543].E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512323/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.34e</figureCitation>
)............
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFEBFFDFFAC7FBE5D1B4FB2D" ID-CoL="5XK4D" authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="1999" box="[1355,1474,1140,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFEBFFDFFAC7FBE5D1B4FB2D" bold="true" box="[1355,1474,1140,1159]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. persimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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