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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.110020" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D9FBA907F2B556C38117620799F5BE07" ID-ZooBank="EF0354EC674D43F9B70ABCB90318DF3C" ModsDocID="1860-0743-100-1-1" checkinTime="1706313376521" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jeong, Kyung-Hoon, Harms, Danilo & Johnson, Jithin" docDate="2024" docId="ACBD183F43995D588FFAD3C0A0C7C159" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 100(1): 1-8" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1)" docPubDate="2024-01-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.110020" docTitle="Ditha Chamberlin 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="D9FBA907F2B556C38117620799F5BE07" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D9FBA907F2B556C38117620799F5BE07" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ditha (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae, Tridenchthoniinae) from the Western Ghats of India, with an identification key for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1706313376521" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="B54CFD0CC3F5B1EEB1257A1F4D806E0A">A new species of Ditha (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae, Tridenchthoniinae) from the Western Ghats of India, with an identification key for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D672F7977EBE67426D3904521411FBF6">Jeong, Kyung-Hoon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9632D1A030089AE2114F4A365C05A325">Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2084AC9ABBEF2B7D2AB9A13108E7A28" type="email">ds16203@snu.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9970126F8BEAEB09BBE8B3D54A515013">Harms, Danilo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10065D1FB48223D1AA5E11B13A9CBCDE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-5345</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B010C63C8F1E8D15465BBB48CB4A999F">Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia; Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia & SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19A0E5022131AEABDE142D9234F72674">Johnson, Jithin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A4DCA13257221F2B30DB4C575D75DD4A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1511-5110</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB926D02EBB523338B4A6A3D57416B31">Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany & Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara, Kerala, 682013, India & St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Kerala, 680121, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="99525A15E58AAB2A0BA4F29170613C0B">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6DC74DD85CC9F4A53D0DE2FD5189BA5D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="881681B7A75F53172FFBA838C23D3571">2024-01-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="89D5428F6B5DAD6B6217481E3DF55930">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F603FA78002086A529A1966A4FB83BF8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.110020</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="F45692B4A57E6A0D33562B08C9866F6E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.110020</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ACBD183F43995D588FFAD3C0A0C7C159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ACBD183F43995D588FFAD3C0A0C7C159" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACBD183F43995D588FFAD3C0A0C7C159" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="1FAA9B072D59D586321FAE1ABB8933CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="99BADCE66AF2552C97E274AEAAFC5745" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="79158C8231A250AB0744E0F2927BEE20" ID-CoL="KG9" LSID="ACBD183F-4399-5D58-8FFA-D3C0A0C7C159" authority="(Balzan, 1892)" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Balzan" baseAuthorityYear="1892" family="Chthoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tridenchthoniinae">Tridenchthoniinae (Balzan, 1892)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05CFFC7ECFC4578DF871A309E1D4F8DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="DCDD99A885CBB3180D287BE88D25422E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1562A03A663EAACFE7EE31306DFD423E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="A75B92F6943E88F339ED7A215A3D71E6" author="Balzan, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="513 - 552" refId="B1" refString="Balzan, L, 1892. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Decembre 1887-Avril 1888). Arachnides. Chernetes (Pseudoscorpiones). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 60: 513 - 552" title="Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Decembre 1887 - Avril 1888). Arachnides. Chernetes (Pseudoscorpiones)." volume="60" year="1892">Balzan (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed the family
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<taxonomicName id="C0BDA5DBC0D93097133A6312FDAD8FB0" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" family="Tridenchthoniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Tridenchthoniidae</taxonomicName>
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to include the species
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<taxonomicName id="DF6BD85B45ABD96FE85AA0E0CD0AA2E1" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1887" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Tridenchthonius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tridenchthonius parvulus" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
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<emphasis id="07802B78235269BFD89D027E18FA16CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tridenchthonius parvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Balzan, 1887 from Paraguay which possessed triple galea in the chelicera. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="47B0737506687D5116CDE03F7DB11D85" author="Hansen, HJ" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B9" refString="Hansen, HJ, 1894. Organs and characters in different orders of arachnids. Entomologiske Meddelelser 4: pl. 2-3." title="Organs and characters in different orders of arachnids. Entomologiske Meddelelser 4: pl. 2 - 3." year="1894">Hansen (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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considered this species to be an unusual
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<taxonomicName id="0361959311A32E29D9B1B6BE8E30916D" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1843" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonius" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BB66E47728F663D31361C8D699BCA791" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chthonius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and reduced the taxon to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="C26B8A81B0294E7825DDD39EED888906" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tridenchthoniinae">Tridenchthoniinae</taxonomicName>
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. Since then, the taxonomic status of the group has undergone several changes.
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<bibRefCitation id="C3B2B7FCAD6DDB8EEA1608D0BBEC0163" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932908673028" author="Chamberlin, JC" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="50 - 80" refId="B5" refString="Chamberlin, JC, 1929. A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part 1. The Heterosphyronida (Chthoniidae) (Arachnida -Chelonetida). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (10): 50 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932908673028" title="A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part 1. The Heterosphyronida (Chthoniidae) (Arachnida - Chelonetida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932908673028" volume="4" year="1929">Chamberlin (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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in his revised classification scheme for pseudoscorpions, proposed a new subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="A1C519AA13CA7C8D25BDF987165FBB9A" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dithinae">Dithinae</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1929 to include the new genus
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<taxonomicName id="F176C7D953AA990D1DC3BA3F230FDFA3" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Ditha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditha" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4D797D3CA72FC06D10A8286E4E439E6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ditha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1929.
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<taxonomicName id="45F8AAA4D15D773EBC47547702F27FA6" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dithinae">Dithinae</taxonomicName>
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chthoniids closely resemble
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<taxonomicName id="3957D0323EDAE6491F9DBA0535247BF2" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tridenchthoniinae">Tridenchthoniinae</taxonomicName>
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, except that they include non-galeate forms, but they differ from members of
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<taxonomicName id="2C6ED95FFE30EA38C5FF261EA183E153" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1888" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chthoniinae">Chthoniinae</taxonomicName>
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proper in the characters such as the presence of coxal spines (of single simple type) on coxa I and II and the patella of leg IV being distinctly longer in relation to the femur.
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<bibRefCitation id="3AE865FEC3619169AF87CEDB6C0CA0C3" author="Chamberlin, J" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 284" refId="B6" refString="Chamberlin, J, 1931. The arachnid order Chelonethida. Stanford University Publications, University Series, (Biological. Sciences.) 7: 1 - 284" title="The arachnid order Chelonethida. Stanford University Publications, University Series, (Biological. Sciences." volume="7" year="1931">Chamberlin (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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later raised this group to the family status. However, without providing proper justification,
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<bibRefCitation id="1FEB2AF2D30498CD81F75B7B542D45E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111435107.1" author="Beier, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Beier, M, 1932. Pseudoscorpionidea I. Subord. Chthoniinea et Neobisiinea. Das Tierreich 57: i-xx, 1-258. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111435107.1" title="Pseudoscorpionidea I. Subord. Chthoniinea et Neobisiinea. Das Tierreich 57: i-xx, 1 - 258." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111435107.1" year="1932">Beier (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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reduced the family to the subfamily status and later to
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<taxonomicName id="DB178F058F71A236B9F7B7901C737CD4" family="Dithiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Dithiidae</taxonomicName>
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again. However, recognizing
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<normalizedToken id="F69CFB8162ED4E440CDAED0F0C5F2EA1" originalValue="Balzan’s">Balzan's</normalizedToken>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="9A677BFD4F56CD99278A8C6586ADE07E" lsidName="T. parvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parvulus">
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<emphasis id="62CF7B68C20C4471ADB4152322A55C27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. parvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a
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<taxonomicName id="C600A01D838FC79D36F8B9D56665CDCE" family="Dithiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Dithiidae</taxonomicName>
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member,
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<bibRefCitation id="509F81E31B499E8FCD7888BC9DD29315" author="Chamberlin, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Utah, Biological Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B7" refString="Chamberlin, JC, Chamberlin, RV, 1945. The genera and species of the Tridenchthoniidae (Dithidae): A family of the arachnid order Chelonethida. Bulletin of the University of Utah, Biological Series 9: 1 - 67" title="The genera and species of the Tridenchthoniidae (Dithidae): A family of the arachnid order Chelonethida." volume="9" year="1945">Chamberlin and Chamberlin (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed the family
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<taxonomicName id="3BF06E33E96050837322D08310708A60" family="Dithiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Dithiidae</taxonomicName>
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as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="DD434BBE580F665E574FE97E9169E8CE" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" family="Tridenchthoniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Tridenchthoniidae</taxonomicName>
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. Finally, in a recent study on pseudoscorpion transcriptomics (
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<bibRefCitation id="499468958F6F7FE8FD62639D63EB1046" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023" author="Benavides, LR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 14" refId="B4" refString="Benavides, LR, Cosgrove, JG, Harvey, MS, Giribet, G, 2019. Phylogenomic interrogation resolves the backbone of the Pseudoscorpiones Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139 (106509): 1 - 14, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023" title="Phylogenomic interrogation resolves the backbone of the Pseudoscorpiones Tree of Life." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023" volume="139" year="2019">Benavides et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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), the group was again reduced to a subfamily within
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<taxonomicName id="05A4E6557D927780AE3031AA0110A193" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chthoniidae</taxonomicName>
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that now includes
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<taxonomicName id="61981DD13E7697C2C0070A5ABF9E248B" authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tridenchthoniinae">Tridenchthoniinae</taxonomicName>
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as a subfamily, alongside the
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<taxonomicName id="182D734EC49D06EFF1D999D8ECA61EE9" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1888" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chthoniinae">Chthoniinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="77FE876C761407B56D98D29E3A55242B" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1929" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lechytiinae">Lechytiinae</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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