<documentID-CLB-Dataset="2683"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814"ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f0f9876-276d-4641-b607-dc76bb7f15d3"ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-71-517"ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5"ID-ZooBank="D5FDD6A77D8E471FB1D2425C56DF597B"ModsDocID="2625-8498-71-517"checkinTime="1641857311922"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Kumkar, Pradeep, Pise, Manoj, Gorule, Pankaj A., Verma, Chandani R. & Kalous, Lukas"docDate="2021"docId="B86A33AAE7F353538AE260801CCE8E23"docLanguage="en"docName="VertZool 71: 517-533"docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 71"docPubDate="2021-08-16"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814"docTitle="Indoreonectes neeleshi Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous 2021, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="8C331B78-D079-43D4-8243-60CBC2A4F314"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="6"id="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5"lastPageNumber="517"masterDocId="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5"masterDocTitle="Two new species of the hillstream loach genus Indoreonectes from the northern Western Ghats of India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)"masterLastPageNumber="533"masterPageNumber="517"pageNumber="517"updateTime="1732827271052"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="D57EFA22BB155B5093D69C4D0FC31621">Two new species of the hillstream loach genus Indoreonectes from the northern Western Ghats of India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="F22A14813BA7C30EE9C1C71C361204ED">Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="8AAA6AF4DAEC69175AFAE5DD724744B6">Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D06709110CEF9AA13AA22320533C9542">Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="178F01FDDFB238C125F7E9395D90EDA9">Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D1EC046752FE1C62D7A3D4FAAB22758F">Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="115BA3F2BAF4084B52C70268F0DF2378"LSID="http://zoobank.org/8C331B78-D079-43D4-8243-60CBC2A4F314"authority="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous, 2021"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi"status="sp. nov.">Indoreonectes neeleshi</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="C25E19AEDCB859B5EC772EDEDDAC5C69"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Mouth of Indoreonectes species, in ventral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1070, 33.5 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071, 38.5 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.8 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 2 mm. Red arrows in C points to conspicuous black markings on lower lip in I. rajeevi."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578100"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D2CFD87AFD77FD47C4C98956C9F40CFF"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Cleared and stained specimens of Indoreonectes showing vertebral column and insertion of dorsal fin, in lateral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017.11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 5 mm. Note that vertebral column of I. neeleshi is malformed in caudal region."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578101"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="042F87024F1D6432BE1878CA6478A9CE"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Cleared and stained fifth ceratobranchials showing dentition pattern, in dorsal view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578102"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C811920DE8F349FFA639FBCC5DE373D2"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Indoreonectes neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071, 38.54 mm SL) (A) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578103"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">
<paragraphid="CEA53D13A464104AB5F3D7D5431C075A"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">BNHS FWF 1072-1080, 9 ex., 28.2-36.3 mm SL, same data as holotype. Paratypes BNHS FWF 1074 (36.26 mm SL), and BNHS FWF 1075 (32.43 mm SL) used for clearing and staining.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="B55C97DE219CDAA842EE5DBBF6E665E2"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
<taxonomicNameid="F51DB3A363CBC7B3E3C5AC906B561846"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
by having long nasal barbel reaching middle of eye (vs. short nasal barbel barely reaching anterior margin of eye); inner rostral barbel reaching middle of nostril (vs. reaching further posteriorly to anterior margin of eye); presence of dorsal hump behind nape (vs. absence); presence of a dark brown to black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of head (vs. absence); caudal peduncle as deep as long (vs. longer than deep); spots on cheek below eye absent (vs. present).
<taxonomicNameid="15015A78174BDF831C21363B7B3E5145"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
<taxonomicNameid="CF618A44F5B27EF4D5FAF3741F0AF9F4"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
by having inner rostral barbel reaching middle of nostril (vs. reaching further posteriorly to anterior margin of eye); spots on cheek below eye absent (vs. present).
<taxonomicNameid="C701A28D4EBBBE9AD8F71FB2459F30E5"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
by having inner rostral barbel reaching middle of nostril (vs. reaching further posteriorly to anterior margin of eye); maxillary barbel not reaching posterior border of operculum (vs. reaching to posterior border of operculum); absence of conspicuous black marking on lower lip (vs. presence); presence of dorsal hump behind nape (vs. absence); dorsal-fin insertion between neural spines of 13th and 14th abdominal vertebrae (vs. between 12th and 13th abdominal vertebrae); caudal peduncle as deep as long (vs. slightly longer than deep); total vertebrae 35 (vs. 36).
<tableCitationid="2D2E4AB95860DF754180E03703293F96"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Indoreonectes evezardi topotypes (BNHS FWF 299 - 300, 1068 - 1070, BNHS FWF, WILD- 17 - PIS- 350 - 359), I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071), paratypes (BNHS FWF 1072 - 1080) and I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081) and paratypes (BNHS FWF 1082 - 1092). Mean, standard deviation (sd) and range of new species include holotype."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B5732FB6C0DEF5BD7D03FE1D812DDF9"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"tableUuid="2B5732FB6C0DEF5BD7D03FE1D812DDF9">1</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="94FAE33B31584589D7FA4C471CFB9A56"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
<paragraphid="2B8C2BE017D5DD827B7963D91AE5E321"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">Body sub-cylindrical, elongate; head and anterior part of body almost cylindrical; body laterally compressed posteriorly; predorsal outline convex, gradually rising up to dorsal-fin origin, a distinct hump behind nape; postdorsal outline straight up to base of caudal fin; ventral profile almost straight. Caudal peduncle as deep as long. Lateral line present, incomplete, short, ending above middle of adpressed pectoral fin. Scales minute.</paragraph>
Head small, less than a quarter of SL. Snout round, its length more than one-third of head length. Eye dorso-laterally positioned, closer to tip of snout than to posterior margin of operculum, its diameter about 15% HL. Mouth semi-circular, with thick fleshy lips, lower lip interrupted medially by a deep groove (Fig.
<figureCitationid="A404070F42E4C7E334BC0B596F923D18"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Mouth of Indoreonectes species, in ventral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1070, 33.5 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071, 38.5 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.8 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 2 mm. Red arrows in C points to conspicuous black markings on lower lip in I. rajeevi."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578100"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">4B</figureCitation>
). Barbels four pairs. Two pairs of rostral barbels, inner rostral barbel extending to middle of nostril, outer rostral barbel reaching anterior margin of eye; Maxillary barbel longest, originating at vertical from nostril, reaching midway between eye and posterior border of operculum. Nasal barbel well developed, reaching middle of eye.
<paragraphid="E410A979C6E5BB523C3EB34F47FE3D55"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">Dorsal-fin origin at vertical from ventral-fin origin; slightly closer to caudal-fin base than tip of snout, its posterior margin rounded, with 4 (10) simple and 7 (10) branched rays. Pectoral fin slightly shorter than head length; with 1 (10) simple and 9 (10) branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 (10) simple and 7 (10) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 (10) simple and 5 (9) or 6 (1) branched rays. Caudal fin rounded, 8+9 (1) or 9+9 (9) principal caudal-fin rays. Dorsal procurrent rays 10(8) or 11(2) and ventral procurrent rays 6(6) or 7(4).</paragraph>
<figureCitationid="F5E156D0A085F3C96311E3ED62F6D258"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Cleared and stained specimens of Indoreonectes showing vertebral column and insertion of dorsal fin, in lateral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017.11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 5 mm. Note that vertebral column of I. neeleshi is malformed in caudal region."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578101"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">5B</figureCitation>
) with 17 (2) abdominal and 18 (2) caudal vertebrae, but vertebral column malformed in both cleared and stained specimens. Dorsal-fin insertion between 13th and 14th abdominal vertebrae. Fifth ceratobranchial (Fig.
<figureCitationid="D61124979B7CD5FBA1CCC3AD2A06F025"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Cleared and stained fifth ceratobranchials showing dentition pattern, in dorsal view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578102"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">6B</figureCitation>
), background colour yellow ochre slightly darker on dorsal profile of anterior side; with grey irregular bars on lateral and dorsal side of body, lateral and dorsal bars separated from each other; lateral bars wider than inter-bar spaces; lateral complete bars 12 (4), 13 (2), 14 (3) or 16 (1); lateral incomplete bars 4 (2), 5 (5) or 6 (3). Head dorsally studded with dark brown spots; cheek spots below eye absent. Caudal peduncle bar continuous but sometimes faint in the middle. Dorsal fin anterior spot dark brown to black in colour; dorsal fin membrane hyaline with three rows of black spots on rays. Pectoral, ventral and anal fins hyaline, lacking spots; caudal fin with membrane hyaline, and three to four rows of dark-brown spots on rays. Ventral surface without any markings. In preservative (Fig.
<paragraphid="32CF9832B6A5C8C641E9352D54A83B22"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">The species name honours Neelesh Dahanukar researcher from Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India, for his remarkable contributions to the understanding of the systematics and evolution of Indian freshwater fishes.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="173E5329110246319A7BB62098A7757B"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
<taxonomicNameid="31D14C91DC86CEBA7AAE69984C579EDF"baseAuthorityName="Baird & Girard"baseAuthorityYear="1853"class="Actinopterygii"family="Poeciliidae"genus="Gambusia"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Gambusia affinis"order="Cyprinodontiformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="affinis">
<taxonomicNameid="DAF7106B68674790E1B3338FDF7B589A"authorityName="Kumkar & Pise & Gorule & Verma & Kalous"authorityYear="2021"family="Nemacheilidae"genus="Indoreonectes"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Indoreonectes neeleshi"order="Cypriniformes"pageId="0"pageNumber="517"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="neeleshi">
<figureCitationid="D38CAC6F52BAC050C460FBAF6FD7EA93"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Type localities of species of the genus Indoreonectes in southern Peninsular India."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578096"pageId="0"pageNumber="517">1</figureCitation>
