treatments-xml/data/03/97/1F/03971F35FFEAFFB099422D3FFAE8FDEE.xml

<document id="CD13E20868AB6862F4E3BA6F232AD07A" ID-CLB-Dataset="298344" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2557" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f405d9-04c7-4cfe-9f28-b6edc3416cb0" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11526096" ID-ZooBank="6C66A1E4-7EA4-45B7-B261-5D3ED749568E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1717844083798" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lin, Chien-Hsiang, Steurbaut, Etienne &amp; Nolf, Dirk" docDate="2024" docId="03971F35FFEAFFB099422D3FFAE8FDEE" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.935.203-240.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 935" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2557/11559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ampheristus brevicaudatus Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4ACB919D-6809-44FF-AE33-560D58E9276B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="FFAE674DFFE4FFA09B062942FFADFFE2" masterDocTitle="Early Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="217" updateTime="1718049141783" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5B0159B1BBDD064176E06886192210EF">Early Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF71AD25D475B5134537AF10D36D9A34">Lin, Chien-Hsiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4020EE07427DEC54B23ADE0D6EF0A9C">Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Seca 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB1F647062BD2845635B88BE029652DA" type="email">chlin.otolith@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B598E6D87615DBAA4D5DCDE459E8EB0C">Steurbaut, Etienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D27D0F81A652C25DC6606AA7DB215CB">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E838D8A26622705F715202F9BBF4B59B" type="email">etienne.steurbaut@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="73023A72084326BED69038C2B6233A0C">Nolf, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20B75F496401BA11373086705670223A">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="135BDE49CD992A15F4B62EBFB08A5B49" type="email">dirk.nolf@scarlet.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="15049779FD9D1D19C32DDDB4DE6EAAB6">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03971F35FFEAFFB099422D3FFAE8FDEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11552969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232726635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11552969" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ACB919D-6809-44FF-AE33-560D58E9276B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03971F35FFEAFFB099422D3FFAE8FDEE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEAFFAE99422D3FFC5DFB7A" box="[580,1008,1149,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE99422D3FFC5DFB7A" blockId="14.[367,1220,1149,1248]" box="[580,1008,1149,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEAFFAE99422D3FFC5DFB7A" box="[580,1008,1149,1176]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEAFFAE99422D3FFC20FB7A" authority="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf, 2024" authorityName="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf" authorityYear="2024" box="[580,909,1149,1176]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE99422D3FFC20FB7A" bold="true" box="[580,909,1149,1176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Ampheristus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279CF4AFFEAFFAE98932D3CFC5DFB7A" box="[917,1008,1150,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEAFFAE9A692DE0FCF5FB02" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9A692DE0FB69FB5F" blockId="14.[367,1220,1149,1248]" box="[367,1220,1186,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<uri id="FFAFA221FFEAFFAE9A692DE0FB69FB5F" box="[367,1220,1186,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<uuid id="FF9894F6FFEAFFAE998D2DE0FB69FB5F" box="[651,1220,1186,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">4ACB919D-6809-44FF-AE33-560D58E9276B</uuid>
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<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE99DD2D84FCF5FB02" blockId="14.[367,1220,1149,1248]" box="[731,856,1222,1248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<figureCitation id="1305B2A6FFEAFFAE99DD2D84FCF5FB02" box="[731,856,1222,1248]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-215@15.[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Bauzaia gibbosa sp. nov., Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). B–C. Bauzaia mucronata (Koken, 1891), Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). D–G. Ampheristus brevicaudatus sp. nov., Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). E–G. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6D–G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEAFFAE9BBB2C4AFDB4FA78" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2C4AFE9BFAC0" blockId="14.[189,310,1288,1314]" box="[189,310,1288,1314]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEAFFAE9BBB2C4AFE9BFAC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1288,1314]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BBB2C4AFE9BFAC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1288,1314]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2C7AFDB4FA78" blockId="14.[188,1398,1336,1434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">OL/OH = 1.8–2.1, OsL/CaL = 2.0–3.1. Otoliths with notable pointed or protruding posterior rim. Sulcus straight, elongate, well-divided into ostium and cauda, both filled with colliculum. Cauda short, oblong, ventrally oriented posteriorly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEAFFAE9BBB2C81FB74F9EE" box="[189,1241,1475,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2C81FEE9FA3F" blockId="14.[189,324,1475,1501]" box="[189,324,1475,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEAFFAE9BBB2C81FEE9FA3F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1475,1501]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BBB2C81FEE9FA3F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1475,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2CB1FB74F9EE" blockId="14.[189,1241,1522,1549]" box="[189,1241,1522,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
‘ 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BC12CB0FEC2F9EE" box="[199,367,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Brevicaudatus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9A782CB1FE20F9EE" box="[382,397,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9A9D2CB1FE12F9EE" box="[411,447,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">um</emphasis>
’ = ‘having a short cauda’. Refers to the very small and short cauda.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEAFFAE9BBB2F77FBFDF80A" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2F77FE41F9AD" blockId="14.[189,492,1589,1615]" box="[189,492,1589,1615]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEAFFAE9BBB2F77FE41F9AD" bold="true" box="[189,492,1589,1615]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BBB2F77FE41F9AD" bold="true" box="[189,492,1589,1615]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BEC2F27FE46F925" blockId="14.[189,1398,1637,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<materialsCitation id="3B56A47EFFEAFFAE9BEC2F27FE46F925" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States of America" county="Left otolith" location="Rappahannock River" municipality="Rappahannock River" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="P 10734" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BEC2F27FEF1F99D" bold="true" box="[234,348,1637,1663]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<typeStatus id="54851081FFEAFFAE9BEC2F27FEF1F99D" box="[234,348,1637,1663]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F329EEB3FFEAFFAE9BBB2FCBFDF1F941" box="[189,604,1673,1699]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E0D6AFFFEAFFAE997D2FCBFCAAF941" box="[635,775,1673,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Left otolith</collectingCounty>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFEAFFAE98112FCBFCD7F941" box="[791,890,1673,1699]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE53459FFEAFFAE988E2FCBFB28F941" box="[904,1157,1673,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Rappahannock River</collectingMunicipality>
, Potapaco Member; 
<figureCitation id="1305B2A6FFEAFFAE9BBB2FEFFEB7F925" box="[189,282,1709,1735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-215@15.[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Bauzaia gibbosa sp. nov., Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). B–C. Bauzaia mucronata (Koken, 1891), Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). D–G. Ampheristus brevicaudatus sp. nov., Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). E–G. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F36E6FFEAFFAE9A202FEFFED1F925" box="[294,380,1709,1735]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB980658FFEAFFAE9A822FECFE4AF925" box="[388,487,1709,1736]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">P 10734</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BEC2FB2FAC4F894" blockId="14.[189,1399,1775,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<materialsCitation id="3B56A47EFFEAFFAE9BEC2FB2FD51F8B0" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States of America" county="Left" location="UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" municipality="Rappahannock River" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="P 10735, P 10737" specimenCount="12" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BEC2FB2FECAF8E8" bold="true" box="[234,359,1776,1802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<typeStatus id="54851081FFEAFFAE9BEC2FB2FECAF8E8" box="[234,359,1776,1802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="4CC603C6FFEAFFAE9A7E2FB2FE18F8EB" box="[376,437,1775,1802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
total) 
<collectingCountry id="F329EEB3FFEAFFAE9BBB2E56FDFEF8CC" box="[189,595,1812,1838]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D3865AAFFEAFFAE996A2E56FD44F8CC" box="[620,745,1812,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">12 otoliths</specimenCount>
of which three are figured: 
<figureCitation id="1305B2A6FFEAFFAE9F352E56FB1FF8CC" box="[1075,1202,1812,1838]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-215@15.[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Bauzaia gibbosa sp. nov., Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). B–C. Bauzaia mucronata (Koken, 1891), Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). D–G. Ampheristus brevicaudatus sp. nov., Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). E–G. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6E–G</figureCitation>
; same collection data as for holotype; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F36E6FFEAFFAE9AB12E7AFDA0F8B0" box="[439,525,1848,1874]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB980658FFEAFFAE99132E7BFDD8F8B1" box="[533,629,1848,1875]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">P 10735</specimenCode>
to 
<specimenCode id="DB980658FFEAFFAE999A2E7BFD51F8B0" box="[668,764,1848,1875]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">P 10737</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B56A47EFFEAFFAE98112E7AFEB9F894" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States of America" location="Cave Branch" municipality="Cave Branch" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D3865AAFFEAFFAE98112E7AFCD0F8B0" box="[791,893,1848,1874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">1 otolith</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFEAFFAE988E2E7AFC58F8B0" box="[904,1013,1848,1874]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE53459FFEAFFAE9F072E7AFB30F8B0" box="[1025,1181,1848,1874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Cave Branch</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geologicalTimeScale id="F91E2E88FFEAFFAE9FAF2E7AFADFF8B0" box="[1193,1394,1848,1874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Bashi Formation</geologicalTimeScale>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F36E6FFEAFFAE9BB82E1EFEB9F894" box="[190,276,1884,1910]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">IRSNB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B56A47EFFEAFFAE9A2B2E1EFAC8F894" box="[301,1381,1884,1911]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States of America" county="Loyola Retreat House" location="Loyola Retreat House" municipality="Popes Creek" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maryland" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D3865AAFFEAFFAE9A2B2E1EFE3EF894" box="[301,403,1884,1910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">1 otolith</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFEAFFAE9A992E1EFDB9F894" box="[415,532,1884,1910]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Maryland</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E0D6AFFFEAFFAE99262E1EFC89F895" box="[544,804,1884,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Loyola Retreat House</collectingCounty>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A33B701FFEAFFAE98362E1FFBAFF894" box="[816,1026,1884,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">N of Popes Creek</locationDeviation>
, Woodstock Member; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F36E6FFEAFFAE9E0D2E1EFAC8F894" box="[1291,1381,1884,1910]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">IRSNB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2EDDFE56F85A" blockId="14.[189,507,1950,1977]" box="[189,507,1950,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEAFFAE9BBB2EDDFE56F85A" bold="true" box="[189,507,1950,1977]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEAFFAE9BBB2EDDFE56F85A" bold="true" box="[189,507,1950,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Type locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEAFFAE9BBB2E8CFBFDF80A" blockId="14.[189,1104,1998,2025]" box="[189,1104,1998,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="F329EEB3FFEAFFAE9BBB2E8CFE45F80A" box="[189,488,1998,2024]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">United States of America</collectingCountry>
, Rappahannock River (
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFEAFFAE99FC2E8CFCCDF80A" box="[762,864,1998,2024]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Virginia</collectingRegion>
), Potapaco Member.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEBFFAF9BBB284AFD1BFD39" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB284AFDBDFEC1" blockId="15.[189,528,264,291]" box="[189,528,264,291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEBFFAF9BBB284AFDBDFEC1" bold="true" box="[189,528,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9BBB284AFDBDFEC1" bold="true" box="[189,528,264,291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Dimensions of the 
<typeStatus id="54851081FFEBFFAF9AA2284BFDBDFEC1" box="[420,528,265,291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB2875FC29FEB0" blockId="15.[189,900,311,338]" box="[189,900,311,338]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Length = 
<quantity id="4CC603C6FFEBFFAF9A292875FE36FEB0" box="[303,411,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="3.85">3.85 mm</quantity>
; height = 
<quantity id="4CC603C6FFEBFFAF99162875FDD6FEB0" box="[528,635,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.84" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.84">1.84 mm</quantity>
; thickness = 
<quantity id="4CC603C6FFEBFFAF98122875FCD2FEB0" box="[788,895,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.79">0.79 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB283AFEE3FE70" blockId="15.[189,334,376,402]" box="[189,334,376,402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEBFFAF9BBB283AFEE3FE70" bold="true" box="[189,334,376,402]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9BBB283AFEE3FE70" bold="true" box="[189,334,376,402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB28E5FD1BFD39" blockId="15.[188,1400,423,731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
This species has fusiform otoliths with a postero-ventral angle that is extended. While the 
<typeStatus id="54851081FFEBFFAF9FE728E5FAE5FE23" box="[1249,1352,423,449]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a pointed angle (
<figureCitation id="1305B2A6FFEBFFAF9A832888FE48FE06" box="[389,485,458,484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-215@15.[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Bauzaia gibbosa sp. nov., Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). B–C. Bauzaia mucronata (Koken, 1891), Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). D–G. Ampheristus brevicaudatus sp. nov., Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). E–G. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), it is typically blunt in other specimens (probably a result of abrasion). The margins are smooth, but may be slightly lobated in some specimens along the anterior and postero-dorsal rims (
<figureCitation id="1305B2A6FFEBFFAF9A552B53FE00FDC8" box="[339,429,528,555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-215@15.[189,1398,957,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Bauzaia gibbosa sp. nov., Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). B–C. Bauzaia mucronata (Koken, 1891), Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). D–G. Ampheristus brevicaudatus sp. nov., Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). E–G. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). The antero-dorsal rim is slightly elevated, but not protruding dorsally, while the anterior rim forms a large, obtuse rostrum. The inner face is slightly convex; the outer face is concave posteriorly, but may be slightly convex anteriorly. The sulcus is well-divided into an elongate ostium and a very short, much narrower cauda that points downwards. Both the ostium and cauda are filled with a colliculum each. The ventral area is of similar size to the dorsal area. There is a shallow, elongate dorsal depression above the crista superior.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324FDA8FFEBFFB09BBB2A40FAE8FDEE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB2A40FE82FCFE" blockId="15.[189,303,770,796]" box="[189,303,770,796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFEBFFAF9BBB2A40FE82FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,303,770,796]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9BBB2A40FE82FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,303,770,796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFB09BBB2A72FCC6FE41" blockId="15.[189,1401,816,914]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,265,419]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Otoliths of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEBFFAF9A4F2A72FE71FCA8" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[329,476,816,842]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9A4F2A72FE71FCA8" box="[329,476,816,842]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Ampheristus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mainly known from Paleogene European deposits (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFD3D2FFEBFFAF9F702A72FB5BFCA9" author="Nolf D." box="[1142,1270,816,843]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" refId="ref14026" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf 2013</bibRefCitation>
), with two species from the Lutetian of 
<collectingCountry id="F329EEB3FFEBFFAF99122A16FD1FFC8C" box="[532,690,852,878]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFD3D2FFEBFFAF99C52A16FC05FC8C" author="Schwarzhans W." box="[707,936,852,878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="3 - 326" refId="ref14336" refString="Schwarzhans W. 2019. Reconstruction of the fossil marine bony fish fauna (Teleostei) from the Eocene to Pleistocene of New Zealand by means of otoliths. Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo di Storia naturale di Milano 46: 3 - 326." type="journal article" year="2019">Schwarzhans 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The first record of the genus from the New World region is 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEBFFAF9ACC2A35FBD9FC73" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer, 2020" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2020" box="[458,1140,887,913]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9ACC2A35FD5CFC73" box="[458,753,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Ampheristus americanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFD3D2FFEBFFAF99FA2A35FBD9FC73" author="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Stringer G. L." box="[764,1140,887,913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref14386" refString="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Stringer G. L. 2020. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 126: 395 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.13130 / 2039 - 4942 / 13425" type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a recently described Maastrichtian–Danian species from the southern 
<collectingCountry id="F329EEB3FFF4FFB0981D284BFCF9FEC1" box="[795,852,265,291]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFD3D2FFF4FFB0986F284BFB4FFEC1" author="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Stringer G. L." box="[873,1250,265,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref14386" refString="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Stringer G. L. 2020. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 126: 395 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.13130 / 2039 - 4942 / 13425" type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFD3D2FFF4FFB09FF2284BFE33FEA1" author="Stringer G. L. &amp; Schwarzhans W." pageId="16" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref14997" refString="Stringer G. L. &amp; Schwarzhans W. 2021. Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation (Maastrichtian) of Maryland, USA, with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes. Cretaceous Research 125 (104867): 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104867" type="journal article" year="2021">Stringer &amp; Schwarzhans 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The cauda of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB09957286BFCBBFEA1" authority="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf, 2024" authorityName="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf" authorityYear="2024" box="[593,790,297,323]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09957286BFCBBFEA1" box="[593,790,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">A. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279CF4AFFF4FFB09818286BFCD5FEA1" box="[798,888,297,323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is much shorter than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB09FC0286BFAC2FEA1" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2020" box="[1222,1391,297,323]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09FC0286BFAC2FEA1" box="[1222,1391,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The posterior rim of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB09AB9280BFD25FE81" authorityName="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf" authorityYear="2024" box="[447,648,329,355]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09AB9280BFD25FE81" box="[447,648,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">A. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appears to be more pointed than the truncated rim of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB09E5B280BFEEBFE61" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2020" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09E5B280BFEEBFE61" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The occurrences of the new species and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB09832282BFC72FE61" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2020" box="[820,991,361,387]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09832282BFC72FE61" box="[820,991,361,387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicate a much wider geographic distribution and longer stratigraphic range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFF4FFB099D428CBFCC8FE41" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[722,869,393,419]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB099D428CBFCC8FE41" box="[722,869,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">Ampheristus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF41FEABFFEBFFAF9BBB2E5CFD86F80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11526108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526108/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" startId="15.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[189,1398,957,1796]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFEBFFAF9BBB2E5CFD86F80B" blockId="15.[189,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9BBB2E5CFEBCF8DA" bold="true" box="[189,273,1822,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF98B62E5CFC68F8DA" bold="true" box="[944,965,1822,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">A</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEBFFAF98DF2E5DFB0EF8DA" authority="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf, 2024" authorityName="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf" authorityYear="2024" box="[985,1187,1822,1848]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Bauzaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF98DF2E5DFB0EF8DA" box="[985,1187,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Bauzaia gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279CF4AFFEBFFAF9FB62E5DFABFF8DB" box="[1200,1298,1823,1849]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Loyola Retreat House, N of Popes Creek, Woodstock M., Maryland (IRSNB P 10731). 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9FCE2E03FB52F8B9" bold="true" box="[1224,1279,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">B–C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEBFFAF9E102E00FE5FF89D" authority="(Koken, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Koken" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Bauzaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucronata">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9E102E00FE96F89D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Bauzaia mucronata</emphasis>
(Koken, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
, Taylor’s Branch of Two Mile Creek, Reklaw Fm., Texas (IRSNB P 10732, P 10733). 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9A322ECAFEC3F840" bold="true" box="[308,366,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">D–G</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3ED5A0FFEBFFAF9A7B2ECAFD11F840" authority="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf, 2024" authorityName="Lin &amp; Steurbaut &amp; Nolf" authorityYear="2024" box="[381,700,1928,1954]" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ampheristus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9A7B2ECAFD11F840" box="[381,700,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Ampheristus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279CF4AFFEBFFAF99C42ECAFCB2F840" box="[706,799,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia. 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF9BBB2EE9FF7FF827" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">D</emphasis>
. Holotype (IRSNB P 10734). 
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFEBFFAF99442EE9FDD5F827" bold="true" box="[578,632,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">E–G</emphasis>
. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10735 to P 10737). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFF4FFB09BBB2885FD64FE03" blockId="16.[189,713,455,481]" box="[189,713,455,481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">
<heading id="D0C9194FFFF4FFB09BBB2885FD64FE03" bold="true" box="[189,713,455,481]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="219" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94A7231FFF4FFB09BBB2885FD64FE03" bold="true" box="[189,713,455,481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">Stratigraphic and geographic distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81AE23FFF4FFB09BBB28B0FAE8FDEE" blockId="16.[189,1349,498,525]" box="[189,1349,498,525]" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">
Ypresian: Bashi Formation, 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFF4FFB0990328B0FDDEFDEE" box="[517,627,498,524]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">Alabama</collectingRegion>
; Potapaco Member, 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFF4FFB0986428B0FC68FDEE" box="[866,965,498,524]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">Virginia</collectingRegion>
; Woodstock Member, 
<collectingRegion id="49FA60C1FFF4FFB09FCD28B0FAECFDEE" box="[1227,1345,498,524]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="16" pageNumber="219">Maryland</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>