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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7234c546-c925-4ddc-8d7c-650f269769db" ID-PMC="PMC8613137" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1071-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="282B20326B5655D8AA635FFF8A33F4CF" ID-PubMed="34887695" ID-ZooBank="25FB0C2DC83247C69BBC7B9A2522D4AF" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1071-83" checkinTime="1637199314359" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chatzimanolis, Stylianos" docDate="2021" docId="2D0E21CA99C25FF09D7FF1DBEAD0D93F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1071: 83-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1071" docPubDate="2021-11-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947" docTitle="Xanthopygus Kraatz 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="282B20326B5655D8AA635FFF8A33F4CF" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="282B20326B5655D8AA635FFF8A33F4CF" masterDocTitle="Out of Xanthopygus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): escape from polyphyly" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668151143088" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Out of Xanthopygus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): escape from polyphyly</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatzimanolis, Stylianos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-0611</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave., Dept. 2653, Chattanooga, TN, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">stylianos-chatzimanolis@utc.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-11-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1071</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>83</mods:start>
<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1071-83</mods:identifier>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="results">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302765" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D0E21CA99C25FF09D7FF1DBEAD0D93F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D0E21CA99C25FF09D7FF1DBEAD0D93F" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName LSID="2D0E21CA-99C2-5FF0-9D7F-F1DBEAD0D93F" authority="Kraatz, 1857 sensu novo" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanthopygus Kraatz, 1857 sensu novo</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus photographs of species of Xanthopygus sensu Herman 2001 A Xanthopygus calidus (Er.) B Xanthopygus chapareanus Scheerpeltz C Xanthopygus dimidiatus Bernhauer. Species A-C are transferred to Photinopygus gen. nov. D Xanthopygus giganteus (Bernhauer) E Xanthopygus xanthopygus (Nordmann) F Xanthopygus skalitzkyi (Bernhauer), transferred to Styngetus. Scale bars: 1.8 mm (A); 1.7 mm (B) 1.8 mm (C); 3.8 mm (D); 3.0 mm (E); 2.0 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612029" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figs 1D-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Staphylinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Staphylinus xanthopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopygus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Staphylinus xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nordmann, 1837, fixed by absolute tautonymy (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" author="Herman, LH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 4218" refId="B28" refString="Herman, LH, 2001. Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Parts I-VII. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 265: 1 - 4218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" title="Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Parts I-VII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" volume="265" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="species included">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Species included.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus cognatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus giganteus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus luctuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus major" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwelder" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus max" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="max">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus max</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus oliveirae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oliveirae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus oliveirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus pexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus pexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="xanthopygus" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus xanthopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopygus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. List of Xanthopygus species sensu Herman and their current name based on this paper. Bold type font on the first column indicates taxa included in the phylogenetic analysis. Taxa not included in this analysis but transferred to Photinopygus have all the diagnostic features of Photinopygus. Similarly, taxa that remained in Xanthopygus but were not included in the analysis have all the diagnostic features of Xanthopygus sensu novo." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/817BF073FC00ACBD32CE01DDA19F045E" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" tableUuid="817BF073FC00ACBD32CE01DDA19F045E">1</tableCitation>
for complete names and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" author="Herman, LH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 4218" refId="B28" refString="Herman, LH, 2001. Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Parts I-VII. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 265: 1 - 4218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" title="Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Parts I-VII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.265.1.1" volume="265" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
for taxonomic history).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
This genus can be distinguished from all other genera in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Xanthopygina">Xanthopygina</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of the following characteristics: head shape rectangular; head wider than pronotum (apomorphy; however, head size can be variable among specimens of the same species but wider than pronotum); antennomeres 7-10 transverse; left mandible with two teeth separated by deep emargination (apomorphy); labial palpomere 3 not securiform; small size eyes (apomorphy); superior marginal line of pronotal hypomeron not continuing to anterior margin; superior and inferior marginal line of hypomeron produce anterolateral angles not parallel to one other (apomorphy); postcoxal process present; elytra coloration black (except with blue metallic overtones in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Xa. xanthopygus" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="xanthopygus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xa. xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); dorsal 1/3 of metepisterstum without punctures (apomorphy; state also present in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. mirabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Ph. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); with more than four spines on the posterior surface of metacoxae (apomorphy; less than four in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Xa. xanthopygus" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="xanthopygus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xa. xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); tergites 3-5 with arch-like carina; and sternite 7 in males with emargination at posterior margin. For a list of characters that distinguish
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatzimanolis" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Photinopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Photinopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Photinopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. List of taxonomic characters that distinguish species of Xanthopygus from Photinopygus. Numbers next to characters refers to the numbers in the data matrix. For a full list of characters and character states see Material and Methods, and for the mapping of the characters on the phylogenetic tree see Suppl. material 3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C02FE6978BC23F3C1313AC3D5A82848" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" tableUuid="4C02FE6978BC23F3C1313AC3D5A82848">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.75947.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612032" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A</emphasis>
abdominal sternites 7-8 of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus skalitzkyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skalitzkyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus skalitzkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bernhauer)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">B</emphasis>
abdominal sternites 7-8 of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus viridipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus viridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp, arrow points to the porose structure
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
abdominal sternites 5-7 of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus giganeus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus giganeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bernhauer), arrow points to the anterior transverse lines
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">D</emphasis>
abdominal tergites 3-8 of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus cognatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp, arrow points to arch-like carina on tergite 3
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E</emphasis>
lateral view of the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus faustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faustus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus faustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Erichson), arrow points to the serrated apical carina
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">F</emphasis>
lateral view of the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xanthopygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopygus dimidiatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xanthopygus dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bernhauer, arrow points to the hook-like carina. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A formal revision of the genus is forthcoming (Chatzimanolis in preparation) where all species belonging to this genus will be treated and illustrated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>