177 lines
18 KiB
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177 lines
18 KiB
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<document id="53D2FD1203F6F981933E26E2862069C8" ID-CLB-Dataset="29193" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bf7deb9-6336-4232-aa5f-cf6805630d2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1453233" ID-ZooBank="B87F5447-A747-4D96-8845-0B30B40412A3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539088940530" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seo, Ji-Eun, Chae, Hyun Sook, Winston, Judith E., Zágoršek, Kamil & Gordon, Dennis P." docDate="2018" docId="C15C87DB744EFFFEFF0D80D9BAC1E78A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4486.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4486 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amathia gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="3D65FFA37456FFE6FF9A8367BF4EE12A" masterDocTitle="Korean ctenostome bryozoans-observations on living colonies, new records, five new species, and an updated checklist" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1698570765952" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="32F4CF7532865960EE5C2D98C81DD42A">Korean ctenostome bryozoans-observations on living colonies, new records, five new species, and an updated checklist</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FB23D1BC2084D5F6C7F13D7D14B91BF7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8B547A759043A145FD9F10267E5B1A23">Seo, Ji-Eun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D97CBCF9FB624A6BDD430EAC5ED450E">Chae, Hyun Sook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="086DD53A8BBE9B2D99873417D6405415">Winston, Judith E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3430734346BFDA4C9680D243BCBC67F">Zágoršek, Kamil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1292AA704FD3D5FDBCEB086D3AC1844">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="224115D3ABF6F7D90E1293AE81A8C603">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F0BBD38B4ED79CB6C948CE799C41EF97">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B1FE8D8B3B26357ADD62445ADE1E80A5">
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<mods:date id="F44D5ADCE6119782955115A12D162F0A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="090FCC87A97E2870162416BEDAC27B83">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B7DAE78F5FB62DB254E473ED05390171">4486</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5661B249C68B436FBFE6345A04C15296" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="979BC72E90F0C4DBC0834EBA9665537D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C540132B1513F05608D5259E8517EED0" type="Zenodo-Dep">1453233</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C15C87DB744EFFFEFF0D80D9BAC1E78A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961781" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148663808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15C87DB744EFFFEFF0D80D9BAC1E78A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C15C87DB744EFFFEFF0D80D9BAC1E78A" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF0D80D9BFB7E2D0" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF0D80D9BD61E2F2" blockId="24.[151,559,958,1018]" box="[151,559,958,984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<heading id="120281A1744EFFFEFF0D80D9BD61E2F2" bold="true" box="[151,559,958,984]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E744EFFFEFF0D80D9BD61E2F2" ID-CoL="CJ86" authority="(Leidy, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[151,559,958,984]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF0D80D9BD61E2F2" bold="true" box="[151,559,958,984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF0D80D9BFB1E2F2" bold="true" box="[151,255,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Amathia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFEB680D9BECBE2F2" bold="true" box="[300,389,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">gracilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C744EFFFEFE0E80D9BD69E2F2" box="[404,551,958,984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" refId="ref11179" refString="Leidy, J. (1855) Contributions towards a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia, 3 (2), 135 - 152." type="journal article">Leidy, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF0D8086BFB7E2D0" blockId="24.[151,559,958,1018]" box="[151,249,993,1018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A48744EFFFEFF058086BFBEE2D0" box="[159,240,993,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1411,1433]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amathia cf. gracilis (Leidy, 1855), Seongsan port, Jeju Island (MBRBK1707). A. Two expanded 8-tentacled tentacle crowns and introverts of zooids attached to the sides of a hole bored in an intertidal stone. B. Zooids of another colony, the one inside hole is flicking tentacle crown tentacles to capture food particles. C. Zooids of A. gracilis to lower right of small crisiid in upper left of image." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453269/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF0D874EBDB2E515" box="[151,764,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF0D874EBDB2E515" blockId="24.[151,764,1065,1087]" box="[151,764,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="69E511E3744EFFFEFF0D874EBDB2E515" box="[151,764,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E744EFFFEFF0D874EBD4BE515" ID-CoL="87Q7P" authority=": Seo 2011: 33" authorityName=": Seo" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,517,1065,1087]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Bowerbankia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF0D874EBE3FE515" box="[151,369,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Bowerbankia gracilis</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="C85410DC744EFFFEFEE4874EBD4BE515" author="" box="[382,517,1065,1087]" page="33" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C744EFFFEFEE4874EBEAEE515" box="[382,480,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" refId="ref12052" refString="Seo, J. E. (2011) Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata, Stenolaemata, Gymnolaemata: Ctenostomata, Cheilostomata: Ascophora II. - Bryozoans. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea, 29, 1 - 107." type="journal article">Seo 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 33
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 11 (
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFDFA874DBDFDE515" box="[608,691,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">cum syn</emphasis>
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., part).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF0D870BBF98E582" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF0D870BBF98E582" blockId="24.[151,1436,1132,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<materialsCitation id="F99D3C90744EFFFEFF0D870BBF98E582" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915274005" collectingDate="2017-05-08" collectionCode="MBRBK" latitude="33.469" location="Seongsan" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="126.926" municipality="Material" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" specimenCode="MBRBK 1707" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeju">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF0D870BBECFE5AF" bold="true" box="[151,385,1132,1157]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<collectingMunicipality id="A92EACB7744EFFFEFF0D870BBFB1E5AF" box="[151,255,1132,1157]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Material</collectingMunicipality>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="19539EB6744EFFFEFE12870ABD61E5AE" box="[392,559,1132,1156]" collectionCode="MBRBK" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">MBRBK 1707</specimenCode>
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.
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<location id="4C2A6016744EFFFEFDA1870BBDE8E5AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15C87DB744EFFFEFF0D80D9BAC1E78A:4C2A6016744EFFFEFDA1870BBDE8E5AE" box="[571,678,1132,1156]" latitude="33.469" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="126.926" municipality="Material" name="Seongsan" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="Jeju">Seongsan</location>
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port,
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<collectingRegion id="8B31F82F744EFFFEFD73870BBC58E5AF" box="[745,790,1132,1157]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Jeju</collectingRegion>
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Island.
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A744EFFFEFCEA870BBCBBE5AE" box="[880,1013,1132,1157]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" precision="5" value="33.469">33.4690° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A744EFFFEFB9B870BBBC1E5AE" box="[1025,1167,1132,1157]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" precision="5" value="126.926">126.9260° E</geoCoordinate>
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, intertidal rocks,
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<collectingDate id="2D0FE9E5744EFFFEFAC9870BBF9DE582" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" value="2017-05-08">
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<date id="3D4B100D744EFFFEFAC9870BBF9DE582" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" value="2017-05-08">8 May 2017</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF5D87D3BE6BE4E2" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF5D87D3BE6BE4E2" blockId="24.[151,1436,1132,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF5D87D3BE17E5E7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1204,1229]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Description.</emphasis>
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Colonies in this species group consist of a network of stolons with erect, tubular and distally and proximally tapering zooids budded from them at intervals (
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A48744EFFFEFCB687B0BCFBE5DA" box="[812,949,1239,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1411,1433]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amathia cf. gracilis (Leidy, 1855), Seongsan port, Jeju Island (MBRBK1707). A. Two expanded 8-tentacled tentacle crowns and introverts of zooids attached to the sides of a hole bored in an intertidal stone. B. Zooids of another colony, the one inside hole is flicking tentacle crown tentacles to capture food particles. C. Zooids of A. gracilis to lower right of small crisiid in upper left of image." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453269/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Fig. 17A, C</figureCitation>
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). Thriving colonies often grow into tangled masses, clumps and tufts. Zooids elongate-oval sacs, rounded at base and distally, with squared to puckered round orifice when polypide retracted. Retracted and preserved zooids c. 0.400 mm long,
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<quantity id="8E0D9B28744EFFFEFBA28678BBE7E41D" box="[1080,1193,1311,1336]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.060 mm</quantity>
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wide, attached singly or in clusters on narrow creeping stolon. Internal organs and musculature seen through transparent walls of freshly budded zooids, but older zooids often fouled by algae or sediment particles. Polypide with conspicuous rounded gizzard and tentacle crown of 8 evenly spaced tentacles (
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A48744EFFFEFC8F86EBBCD2E48E" box="[789,924,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1411,1433]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amathia cf. gracilis (Leidy, 1855), Seongsan port, Jeju Island (MBRBK1707). A. Two expanded 8-tentacled tentacle crowns and introverts of zooids attached to the sides of a hole bored in an intertidal stone. B. Zooids of another colony, the one inside hole is flicking tentacle crown tentacles to capture food particles. C. Zooids of A. gracilis to lower right of small crisiid in upper left of image." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453269/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
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). No reproduction noted in colonies collected in this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF5D86B3BEDAE756" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF5D86B3BEDAE756" blockId="24.[151,1436,1132,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF5D86B3BE75E4C7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1492,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E744EFFFEFEDB86B3BD7CE4C6" authorityName=": Seo" authorityYear="2011" box="[321,562,1492,1516]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Bowerbankia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFEDB86B3BD7CE4C6" box="[321,562,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Bowerbankia gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described by Joseph
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C744EFFFEFC5E86B3BB18E4C7" box="[964,1110,1492,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" refId="ref11179" refString="Leidy, J. (1855) Contributions towards a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia, 3 (2), 135 - 152." type="journal article">Leidy (1855)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="8B31F82F744EFFFEFB0386B3BA7EE4C7" box="[1177,1328,1492,1517]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="31E2765D744EFFFEFAA186B3BA38E4C6" box="[1339,1398,1492,1516]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">USA</collectingCountry>
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, on the Western Atlantic seaboard where it is tolerant of reduced salinities and variations in temperature, occurring in estuaries and harbors and among fouling communities. It has been reported from many localities around the world, but some records may refer to other similar species. It has been reported from
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<collectingCountry id="31E2765D744EFFFEFB8B8558BB1AE772" box="[1041,1108,1599,1624]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
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(e.g.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C744EFFFEFB0F8558BA0FE772" box="[1173,1345,1599,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" refId="ref11267" refString="Liu, X., Yin & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing, 860 pp., 82 pls." type="book">
|
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Liu
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFB5E8526BBB8E772" box="[1220,1270,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">et al</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
. 2001
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
),
|
||
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|
<collectingCountry id="31E2765D744EFFFEFACF8527BAD6E77D" box="[1365,1432,1600,1623]" name="Japan" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
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, and
|
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<collectingCountry id="31E2765D744EFFFEFF5C8502BE44E756" box="[198,266,1637,1660]" name="South Korea" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C744EFFFEFE808503BEC6E756" box="[282,392,1636,1660]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" refId="ref12052" refString="Seo, J. E. (2011) Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata, Stenolaemata, Gymnolaemata: Ctenostomata, Cheilostomata: Ascophora II. - Bryozoans. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea, 29, 1 - 107." type="journal article">Seo 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
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|
<subSubSection id="01EF6546744EFFFEFF5D85E0BAC1E78A" box="[199,1423,1671,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="494A36CD744EFFFEFF5D85E0BAC1E78A" blockId="24.[151,1436,1132,1696]" box="[199,1423,1671,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="7B81EADF744EFFFEFF5D85E0BE2EE78A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1671,1696]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
Members of species group found almost worldwide in fouling and shallow water communities.
|
||
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|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
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</document>
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