treatments-xml/data/03/C2/87/03C287B2FFE2FFC6FF214FFCFF54FD3F.xml

<document id="25B4F54444E356A5759B869BECBABA2A" ID-CLB-Dataset="267610" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.613.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73021b01-72f7-435b-9978-6064da2be1bb" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346246" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1694705912193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hernández-Barón, Gerald Matus, Juárez, Diana Isabel Trujillo &amp; Steinmann, Victor W." docDate="2023" docId="03C287B2FFE2FFC6FF214FFCFF54FD3F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.613.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 613 (2)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.613.2.9/51090" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Polystemma stevensii G. M. Hern., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FFFBFFCAFFE3FFC3FFA94B6BFF9BFFB3" masterDocTitle="Polystemma stevensii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Michoacán, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="194" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1695050265907" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8F09441D163445926A2A9FD5735AF3EE">Polystemma stevensii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Michoacán, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58777F3B6ECB2EB528C3A2F4C543AEF3">Hernández-Barón, Gerald Matus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3077403AE32D20F6C92E946AAA1BCC47">Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico &amp; ghernandezbaron @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2004 - 2158</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B348E67700BDA455F81DD6255D80B352">Juárez, Diana Isabel Trujillo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A36BF3CECE1E1C3CF1B2E4006B99063">Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico &amp; dianatrujillo 2311 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8092 - 6505</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B25BC8235B9FF678ED48186660EB663C">Steinmann, Victor W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A54A65E8C10FDF78A784E6BD79DA829">Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas 253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico &amp; steinmav @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0103 - 9575</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE2FFC2FF214FFCFE55FB1E" authority="G. M. Hern." authorityName="G. M. Hern." box="[136,462,1175,1197]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FF214FFCFEC2FB1E" bold="true" box="[136,345,1175,1197]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
G.M. Hern.
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-Barón, Trujillo-Juárez &amp; V.W. Steinm., 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57CDFFE2FFC2FCE74FF3FC0CFB1E" box="[846,919,1176,1197]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<materialsCitation id="3B033CF9FFE2FFC2FC334FF3FB37FB46" collectingDate="2010-09-07" collectionCode="IEB" collectorName="V. W. Steinmann &amp; Y. Ramirez-Amezcua" country="Mexico" elevation="350" latitude="19.033611" location="Nueva Italia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-102.04833" municipality="Mpio. Mugica" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Michoacan" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPE:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="49AFF846FFE2FFC2FBF64FF3FB56FB1D" box="[1119,1229,1176,1198]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
: 
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, 
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al NNE de la salida a 
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, sobre un sendero que va desde la autopista 
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al 
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; 
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, 
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&amp; 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FCB94F8BFB95FB46" box="[784,1038,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Y. Ramírez-Amezcua 7159</emphasis>
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(
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: 
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;
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)
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. 
<figureCitation id="13502A21FFE2FFC2FACA4F8BFA3EFB46" box="[1379,1445,1248,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,2017,2039]" captionTargetBox="[273,1315,501,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-182@2.[271,1317,494,1989]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Polystemma stevensii. A. Flowering branch. B. Frontal view of a flower. C. Detail of gynostegial corona showing appendages and five lobes fused basally to form a flat discontinuous ring. D. Pollinarium. E. Branch with a follicle. Illustration by Ericka B. Cortez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346248/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13502A21FFE2FFC2FF144E6FFF50FAAA" box="[189,203,1284,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-24@3.[151,1436,190,1842]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polystemma stevensii. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D. Frontal view of a flower. E. Frontal view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. F. Lateral view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. Photos by Victor W. Steinmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346250/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE2FFC2FF214E23FF55FA7D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1352,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE2FFC2FEAF4E22FE34FAD1" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[262,431,1352,1379]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FEAF4E22FE8CFAD1" box="[262,279,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FE814E23FE34FAD1" box="[296,431,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that both exhibit filiform corona appendages, but the new taxon differs by having a gynostegial corona with five lobes fused at the base to form a discontinuous flat ring (vs. not forming a discontinuous flat ring), an internal corona with two deltate lobes (vs. with one ligulate lobe), and a globose style head (vs. flat style head).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FF144EB3FE84FA41" bold="true" box="[189,287,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Twining</emphasis>
vines, herbaceous or woody towards the base, with thick yellow cork in the oldest parts, perennial, climbing to 
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tall, with copious white latex. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FD2A4E97FD50F9A5" bold="true" box="[643,715,1532,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Stems</emphasis>
cylindrical, 
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in diameter, sparsely hispidulous to strigulose with mixed indumentum of white eglandular trichomes, 
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long and white bulbous trichomes ca. 
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long; internodes 
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long. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FE404D2FFDA0F9ED" bold="true" box="[489,571,1604,1630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, stipular colleters absent, petiole slender, 
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long with mixed indumentum; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 3.4–7.2 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FD4C4D03FCFFF930" box="[741,868,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="2.55" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.6 cm</quantity>
, apex acute to acuminate, base deeply cordate, lobes diverging or converging, sinus 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FE4A4DE7FDFBF914" box="[483,608,1676,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.1 cm</quantity>
deep, margins entire, palmately 5-veined from the base, the midvein with 3 pairs of prominent secondary veins, abaxially and adaxially hispidulous to strigulose with scattered bulbous trichomes, more densely pilose abaxially; colleters 6–8, conical, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FD594DBFFCE2F95C" box="[752,889,1748,1775]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
long, at the junction of the petiole and the blade adaxially. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FF554D93FE3EF8A1" bold="true" box="[252,421,1784,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Inflorescences</emphasis>
extra-axillary, 1 per node, racemiform cymes with 7–11 flowers, mixed indumentum, total length 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FF7C4C77FECAF884" box="[213,337,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="4.75" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="3.4">3.4–6.1 cm</quantity>
long; peduncles 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FDA64C77FD17F884" box="[527,652,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.6 cm</quantity>
long, bracts narrowly lanceolate to subulate, 2–4.5 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FB4A4C77FAF0F884" box="[1251,1387,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.3 mm</quantity>
, apex acuminate; pedicels slender, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FE674C2BFDD7F8E8" box="[462,588,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 cm</quantity>
long in flower, to 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FC884C2BFCF5F8E8" box="[801,878,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
long and thickened in fruit. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FB1B4C2BFB63F8E9" bold="true" box="[1202,1272,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Calyx</emphasis>
lobes 5, almost free to the base, narrowly lanceolate, 5.2–6.3 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FD124C0FFCDCF8CC" box="[699,839,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 mm</quantity>
, apex attenuate, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE2FFC2FF214CE3FF79F811" bold="true" box="[136,226,1928,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Corolla</emphasis>
campanulate, dextrosly imbricate in bud, deeply 5-lobed, variable in color, ranging from greenish to brownish nearly throughout to burgundy red in the center and fading to yellowish green in the lobes; tube 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FB484CC7FAF1F874" box="[1249,1386,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
long, smooth with vilose indumentum; lobes narrowly lanceolate, 5.8–11.8 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE2FFC2FC044CBBFBACF858" box="[941,1079,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–4.2 mm</quantity>
, wide at the base to almost linear to the apex, apex rounded, coiled, abaxially puberulent, adaxially sericeous towards the base, glabrous towards the apex. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FF624BF5FEF1FF0B" bold="true" box="[203,362,158,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Gynostegium</emphasis>
1.6–2 × 
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, sessile. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FD124BF5FC5AFF0B" bold="true" box="[699,961,158,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">External corona lobes</emphasis>
5, opposite the anthers, fused at the base to form a discontinuous flat and crenate ring, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FDDD4BA9FD66FF6E" box="[628,765,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
high, white or yellow, each lobe with two pair of ascending and recurved appendages, the lower pair acicular, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FD6C4B8DFCD5FEB2" box="[709,846,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, the upper pair with filiform lateral appendages 1.8–2.5 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FF504A61FE19FE96" box="[249,386,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
, purple, with central inconspicuous lobes or small papilla. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FBB94A61FAB2FE97" bold="true" box="[1040,1321,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Internal corona lobes 5,</emphasis>
a bicornate ligule, with two incurved deltate lobes, 0.4–0.7 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FD1A4A45FCA0FEFA" box="[691,827,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
, white to yellow. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FBA94A45FBFBFEFB" bold="true" box="[1024,1120,302,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Anthers</emphasis>
horizontal, 0.6–0.7 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FAFE4A45FF2DFEDE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
, terminal appendages of anthers hyaline, widely ovate, 0.7–0.8 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FC234A39FB88FEDE" box="[906,1043,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FBB54A39FB0CFEDF" bold="true" box="[1052,1175,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Style head</emphasis>
prominent globose, dark purple or black when dried, 0.5–1.0 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FD9F4A1DFD26FE22" box="[566,701,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
with a globose apex ca. 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FC784A1DFBBCFE22" box="[977,1063,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FBDB4A1DFB55FE23" bold="true" box="[1138,1230,374,400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Pollinia</emphasis>
falciform, ca. 0.6 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FF214AF1FF7AFE06" box="[136,225,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; corpuscle brown, rhombic, ca. 0.2 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FD2A4AF1FD47FE06" box="[643,732,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FD4F4AF1FCD3FE07" bold="true" box="[742,840,410,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Follicles</emphasis>
narrowly fusiform, slightly wider in the proximal half, 16–19 × 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE1FFC1FF454AD5FEF7FE6A" box="[236,364,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 cm</quantity>
, smooth, glabrous, mottled bluish green; mature seeds not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF14662CFFE1FFC1FF214C8AFA39F7A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346248/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" startId="2.[136,229,2017,2039]" targetBox="[273,1315,501,1975]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE1FFC1FF214C8AFA39F7A9" blockId="2.[136,1451,2017,2075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FF214C8AFF66F845" bold="true" box="[136,253,2017,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE1FFC1FEAB4C8AFE4BF844" box="[258,464,2017,2039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE1FFC1FEAB4C8AFE4BF844" box="[258,464,2017,2039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Flowering branch. B. Frontal view of a flower. C. Detail of gynostegial corona showing appendages and five lobes fused basally to form a flat discontinuous ring. D. Pollinarium. E. Branch with a follicle. Illustration by Ericka B. Cortez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14662CFFE0FFC0FF214C20FE26F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" startId="3.[136,229,1867,1889]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1842]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE0FFC0FF214C20FE26F81A" blockId="3.[136,1453,1867,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE0FFC0FF214C20FF62F8D3" bold="true" box="[136,249,1867,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE0FFC0FEAE4C20FE4CF8D3" box="[263,471,1867,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE0FFC0FEAE4C20FE4CF8D3" box="[263,471,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D. Frontal view of a flower. E. Frontal view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. F. Lateral view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. Photos by Victor W. Steinmann.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE7FFC7FF144BF5FA88FF0B" box="[189,1299,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC7FF144BF5FA88FF0B" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,328]" box="[189,1299,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF144BF5FEC4FF0B" bold="true" box="[189,351,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering occurs from June to September, with immature fruits found in September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE7FFC7FF144BAAFD31FEFB" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC7FF144BAAFD31FEFB" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF144BAAFD9EFF68" bold="true" box="[189,517,193,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
Endemic to the Balsas Depression of central 
<collectingRegion id="49AFF846FFE7FFC7FC544BA9FBE7FF6F" box="[1021,1148,194,220]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE7FFC7FB2E4BA9FB46FF6F" box="[1159,1245,194,220]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Mexico</collectingCountry>
where it is known from four localities at elevations of 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE7FFC7FD8A4B8DFD27FEB3" box="[547,700,230,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="350.0">350 to 750 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13502A21FFE7FFC7FD644B8DFC88FEB3" box="[717,787,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1286,1308]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,353,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-92@4.[151,1436,353,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maps showing the occurrence of Polystemma stevensii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346254/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Three of the localities are within the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve. The vegetation at these localities is tropical deciduous forest (following 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B55FFE7FFC7FB234A61FAD2FE97" author="Rzedowski, J." box="[1162,1353,266,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" refId="ref3958" refString="Rzedowski, J. (1978) La vegetacion de Mexico. Limusa, Ciudad de Mexico, 505 pp." type="book" year="1978">Rzedowski 1978</bibRefCitation>
), and for more details of the region see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B55FFE7FFC7FE734A45FD3DFEFB" author="Steinmann, V. W." box="[474,678,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="661 - 707" refId="ref4072" refString="Steinmann, V. W. (2021) Flora y vegetacion de la Reserva de la Biosfera Zicuiran-Infiernillo, Michoacan, Mexico. Botanical Sciences 99 (6): 661 - 707." type="journal article" year="2021">Steinmann (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF14662CFFE7FFC7FF214E6DFC83FAAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346254" box="[136,792,1286,1308]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346254/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" startId="4.[136,229,1286,1308]" targetBox="[153,1432,353,1261]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC7FF214E6DFC83FAAF" blockId="4.[136,792,1286,1308]" box="[136,792,1286,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF214E6DFF6CFAA8" bold="true" box="[136,247,1286,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Maps showing the occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FDEA4E6DFC8FFAAF" box="[579,788,1286,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">Polystemma stevensii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE7FFC7FF144E20FBA9FA3A" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC7FF144E20FBA9FA3A" blockId="4.[136,1452,1354,2065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF144E20FEFFFAD6" bold="true" box="[189,356,1355,1381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet honors Dr. Warren Douglas Stevens. His contributions have been essential for advancing our knowledge of American Asclepiadoideae and the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FC0B4E05FBB0FA3B" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[930,1067,1390,1416]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FC0B4E05FBB0FA3B" box="[930,1067,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Polystemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE7FFC7FF144EF9FE8CF8EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC7FF144EF9FE8CF8EF" blockId="4.[136,1452,1354,2065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF144EF9FDD4FA1E" bold="true" box="[189,591,1426,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">IUCN conservation assessment:—</emphasis>
Little is known about the biology and population demographics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FA8B4EF9FF73FA63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FA8B4EF9FF73FA63" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The locality north of Nueva 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE7FFC7FDEA4EDDFDE6FA63" box="[579,637,1462,1488]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Italia</collectingCountry>
was severely impacted by the construction of the Francisco J. Múgica Dam in 2013, and some plants were lost. Two other localities are adjacent to the highway from Arteaga to Nueva 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE7FFC7FF214E95FF5EF9AB" box="[136,197,1534,1560]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Italia</collectingCountry>
. The remaining site is on a pristine ridgetop approximately two kilometers from the nearest roads and town. The known extent of occurrence (EOO) is 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE7FFC7FD9D4D49FD12F98F" box="[564,649,1570,1597]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="285.0">285 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C1E9BECFFE7FFC7FD204D49FD0AF983" attach="left" box="[649,657,1570,1584]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">2</superScript>
and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE7FFC7FB9A4D49FBE1F98F" box="[1075,1146,1570,1596]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C1E9BECFFE7FFC7FBD34D49FB19F983" attach="left" box="[1146,1154,1570,1584]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">2</superScript>
, but both values are likely underestimates because the region is still relatively unexplored. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FC664D2CFBD7F9D3" box="[975,1100,1607,1632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FC664D2CFBD7F9D3" box="[975,1100,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P. stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in forest margins along roadsides, it does not appear to be favored by disturbance. Three localities are within the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, but the area is subject to anthropogenic pressures such as agriculture and livestock grazing. It is uncertain how these factors will affect the survival of the species, but we anticipate some future loss of habitat area, extent, and quality as well as a decrease in AOO and EOO.Although the EOO and AOO are almost certainly underestimates, more than 15-fold increases in both would be required for the endangered category to be changed to vulnerable. Therefore, following the IUCN Red List criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B55FFE7FFC7FD9B4C74FD5AF88A" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[562,705,1823,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" refId="ref3775" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https: // nc. iucnredlist. org / redlist / content / attachment _ files / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed: August 2023)" type="url" year="2022">IUCN, 2022</bibRefCitation>
), we assign a preliminary category of endangered, EN B1ab(i,ii,iii) +2ab(i,ii,iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE7FFC6FF144C0CFE62FF6F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE7FFC6FF144C0CFE62FF6F" blockId="4.[136,1452,1354,2065]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,652]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF144C0CFEBDF832" bold="true" box="[189,294,1895,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FE8F4C0DFD8FF833" box="[294,532,1894,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FE8F4C0DFD8FF833" box="[294,532,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FD374C0CFCD8F833" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[670,835,1894,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FD374C0CFD34F833" box="[670,687,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FD154C0DFCD8F833" box="[700,835,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that both have filiform corona appendages. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FF214CE0FEB6F817" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[136,301,1930,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF214CE0FF02F817" box="[136,153,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF0F4CE1FEB6F817" box="[166,301,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a corolla with ovate lobes and a glabrous, purple corolla tube lacking obvious venation. In contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FF214CC4FE97F87B" box="[136,268,1967,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF214CC4FF02F87B" box="[136,153,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF054CC4FE97F87B" box="[172,268,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a corolla with lanceolate lobes and a sericeous, green to yellowish corolla tube with reticulated venation. Furthermore, the apex of the style head in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FD634CB8FCD3F85F" box="[714,840,2003,2029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FD634CB8FD40F85F" box="[714,731,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FD414CB8FCD3F85F" box="[744,840,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspicuously globose, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FB594CB8FA0EF85F" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[1264,1429,2002,2029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FB594CB8FA9AF85F" box="[1264,1281,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FAA74CB9FA0EF85F" box="[1294,1429,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is flat. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FF7F4C9DFE5DF7A3" box="[214,454,2038,2064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevensii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FF7F4C9DFE5DF7A3" box="[214,454,2038,2064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Polystemma stevensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the Balsas Depression (
<figureCitation id="13502A21FFE7FFC7FC104C9DFC66F7A2" box="[953,1021,2038,2065]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1286,1308]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,353,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-92@4.[151,1436,353,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maps showing the occurrence of Polystemma stevensii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346254/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE7FFC7FBDE4C9CFA86F7A3" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[1143,1309,2038,2065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FBDE4C9CFB13F7A3" box="[1143,1160,2039,2064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE7FFC7FB3F4C9DFA86F7A3" box="[1174,1309,2038,2064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from Michoacán to 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE6FFC6FE854BF5FE38FF0B" box="[300,419,158,184]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D27FFE6FFC6FE074BF5FDACFF0B" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[430,567,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FE074BF5FDACFF0B" box="[430,567,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Polystemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now includes eight species, of which five are endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE6FFC6FB7B4BF5FAB3FF0B" box="[1234,1320,158,184]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and two of these are endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="49AFF846FFE6FFC6FEDD4BA9FE6FFF6F" box="[372,500,194,220]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371652FFFE6FFC6FF144B8DFF54FD3F" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436A4FFE6FFC6FF144B8DFF54FD3F" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FF144B8DFD55FEB3" bold="true" box="[189,718,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="54D08806FFE6FFC6FDED4B8DFD5AFEB3" box="[580,705,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
—Michoacán: mpio. Múgica, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FBB64B8DFBF7FEB3" box="[1055,1132,230,257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
al NNE de la salida a Nueva 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE6FFC6FF214A61FF5FFE97" box="[136,196,266,292]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Italia</collectingCountry>
, sobre un sendero que va de la autopista Morelia-Lázaro Cárdenas al Río 
<collectingRegion id="49AFF846FFE6FFC6FBAB4A61FBFCFE97" box="[1026,1127,266,292]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Marqués</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FBDB4A61FB65FE97" box="[1138,1278,266,292]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="01" value="19.033611">19°02’01”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FAA04A61FA3CFE96" box="[1289,1447,266,293]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-102.04833">102°02’54”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FF214A45FF4FFEFA" box="[136,212,302,329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FF4A4A45FEE5FEFB" box="[227,382,302,329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2009-06-23">23 June 2009</date>
(fls), 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FE6E4A44FC50FEFB" box="[455,971,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Y. Ramírez-Amezcua &amp; V.W. Steinmann 1716</emphasis>
(IEB); ibid., 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FBC34A45FAD1FEFB" box="[1130,1354,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2010-09-07">07 September 2010</date>
(fls and immature fts), 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FE844A38FCBBFEDF" box="[301,800,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">V.W. Steinmann &amp; Y. Ramírez-Amezcua 7159</emphasis>
(IEB); mpio. Múgica, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FBB74A39FBF0FEDF" box="[1054,1131,338,365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
al NNE de la salida a Nueva 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE6FFC6FF214A1DFF5FFE23" box="[136,196,374,400]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Italia</collectingCountry>
, sobre un sendero que va de la autopista Morelia-Lázaro Cárdenas al Río 
<collectingRegion id="49AFF846FFE6FFC6FBAB4A1DFBFCFE23" box="[1026,1127,374,400]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Marqués</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FBDB4A1DFB66FE23" box="[1138,1277,374,400]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="03" value="19.034166">19°02’03”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FAA04A1DFA3CFE23" box="[1289,1447,374,400]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-102.05056">102°03’02”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FF214AF1FF49FE06" box="[136,210,410,437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FF764AF1FEE9FE07" box="[223,370,410,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2009-07-11">11 July 2009</date>
(fls), 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FE114AF0FC2FFE07" box="[440,948,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Y. Ramírez-Amezcua &amp; V.W. Steinmann 1727</emphasis>
(IEB); mpio. La Huacana, ca. 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FABD4AF1FAD4FE07" box="[1300,1359,410,436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
(by air) ENE of Los Ranchos, along the ridge top of Cerro El Barril, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FC854AD5FC2CFE6A" box="[812,951,446,473]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="35" value="18.709723">18°42’35”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FC6A4AD5FBC4FE6B" box="[963,1119,446,472]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-102.0">102°00’00”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FBC24AD5FB28FE6A" box="[1131,1203,446,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FB164AD5FAF4FE6B" box="[1215,1391,446,472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2003-08-30">30 August 2003</date>
(fls), 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FF214A88FDEAFE4F" box="[136,625,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">V.W. Steinmann &amp; M. Lara-Camacho 3456</emphasis>
(IEB); mpio. Arteaga, sobre la carretera de Nueva 
<collectingCountry id="F37C7634FFE6FFC6FB154A89FB6DFE4F" box="[1212,1270,482,508]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">Italia</collectingCountry>
a Arteaga, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FAD34A89FF37FD93" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="19.6">19.6 km</quantity>
al SO de la desviación al Infiernillo, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FDE0496DFD63FD92" box="[585,760,518,545]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="1" seconds="57.57" value="18.449324">18°26’57.57”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FCAB496DFC20FD92" box="[770,955,518,545]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="1" seconds="25.83" value="-102.07384">102° 4’25.83”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FC6F496DFB95FD92" box="[966,1038,518,545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="595.0">595 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FBB0496DFB6FFD93" box="[1049,1268,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2020-09-06">06 September 2020</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FB56496CFE56FDF7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">V.W. Steinmann &amp; Y. Ramírez-Amezcua 8387</emphasis>
(IEB); mpio. Arteaga, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FD7D4941FCBFFDF7" box="[724,804,554,580]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="9.2">9.2 km</quantity>
al SO de la desviación al Infiernillo y 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FB494941FAB4FDF7" box="[1248,1327,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
al N de El Guayabito; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FEA24925FE37FDDB" box="[267,428,590,616]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="1" seconds="2.64" value="18.484066">18°29’2.64”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5063FFE6FFC6FE1E4925FDEBFDDB" box="[439,624,590,616]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="-102.02667">102° 1’36.00”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C939B41FFE6FFC6FDD24925FD5FFDDA" box="[635,708,590,617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFD51064FFE6FFC6FD794925FC37FDDB" box="[720,940,590,616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" value="2020-09-06">06 September 2020</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B91FEAB6FFE6FFC6FC1E4924FA30FDDB" box="[951,1451,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">V.W. Steinmann &amp; Y. Ramírez-Amezcua 8399</emphasis>
(IEB).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>