treatments-xml/data/03/99/87/039987B33739FFFC43D3FBAED2E2FC47.xml

<document id="022CDB435B34AE327A19935FD86CBDB1" ID-CLB-Dataset="21133" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1006285" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bcde625f-2053-405d-9839-d41e50e94927" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3999737" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598292009526" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Chen, Y. Z. &amp; Guo, Y. Q." docDate="2015" docId="039987B33739FFFC43D3FBAED2E2FC47" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.29-30.1777-1788.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (29)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lauratonema dongshanense Chen &amp; Guo 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="1787" masterDocId="FFA0FFCB373CFFF64276FFD3D671FF9A" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Lauratonema (Nematoda: Lauratonematidae) from the intertidal zone of the East China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="1788" masterPageNumber="1777" pageNumber="1782" updateTime="1698845276365" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="73A24F601CBA974EC7B9559D7CB7F4D4">Two new species of Lauratonema (Nematoda: Lauratonematidae) from the intertidal zone of the East China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E52B5830B1053BA69B7838497A43644E">Chen, Y. Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50AAF93C5B2F6266F850418EA0CE6DB4">Guo, Y. Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0CCAD932B6A9A88CFE87FE1F2EBE623C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4C322F30ACC18E7B8D979963F1D7DE6">2015</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32A652E3739FFF343D3FBAED54AFB0E" box="[421,827,1148,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53739FFF343D3FBAED54AFB0E" blockId="5.[344,903,1085,1204]" box="[421,827,1148,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">
<heading id="D0C781C93739FFF343D3FBAED54AFB0E" box="[421,827,1148,1172]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263739FFF343D3FBAED4A9FB0E" ID-CoL="8GBPK" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[421,728,1148,1172]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73739FFF343D3FBAED4A9FB0E" bold="true" box="[421,728,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Lauratonema dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC3739FFF34097FBAED54AFB0E" box="[737,827,1149,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36A53739FFF34386FB4FD481FB2E" blockId="5.[344,903,1085,1204]" box="[496,752,1180,1204]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A203739FFF3438FFB4FD412FB2E" box="[505,611,1180,1204]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[214,1167,169,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1170,168,1067]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male head end, showing amphid and cephalic setae; (B) lateral view of female head end, showing buccal cavity; (C) lateral view of female head end, showing amphid and bacteria; (D) lateral view of female body part, showing eggs; (E, F) lateral view of male body part, showing spicules; (G) lateral view of male tail. Scale bar: A–F = 10 µm; G = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999743/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A203739FFF34005FB4FD4F1FB2E" box="[627,640,1180,1204]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[144,211,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[148,1099,169,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[145,1102,168,1190]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (A) lateral view of female anterior part; (B) lateral view of female tail; (C) lateral view of spicule; (D) lateral view of male tail and spicule; (E) full view of female, showing reproductive system; (F) lateral view of male anterior part. Scale bar: 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">4</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6B2031E3739FFF340E6FB4FD497FB2E" box="[656,742,1180,1204]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[212,270,168,190]" captionText="Table 2. Individual measurements of Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (in µm)." pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652E3739FFF342E6FADAD56AF901" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53739FFF342E6FADAD75DFABB" blockId="5.[144,1104,1289,1512]" box="[144,300,1289,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">
<heading id="D0C781C93739FFF342E6FADAD75DFABB" box="[144,300,1289,1313]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73739FFF342E6FADAD75DFABB" box="[144,300,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53739FFF342E6FAE3D26DFA72" blockId="5.[144,1104,1289,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF83739FFF342E6FAE3D269FA72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2848970303" collectingDate="2012-07" collectionCode="ZZDS" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" location="Types" municipality="Institute of Oceanology" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" specimenCode="ZZDS20120707" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Three males and two females were collected from mid tide level of Station 
<collectionCode id="ED21AE603739FFF34670FAE3D221FAD2" box="[1030,1104,1328,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">ZZDS</collectionCode>
in 
<date id="FF8E10653739FFF342D8FA83D753FAF2" box="[174,290,1360,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" value="2012-07">
<collectingDate id="EFCAE98D3739FFF342D8FA83D753FAF2" box="[174,290,1360,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" value="2012-07">July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="548B88073739FFF34358FA83D7EEFAF2" box="[302,415,1360,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: one male (
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C3739FFF34051FA83D44AFAF2" box="[551,571,1360,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1 on slide number 
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M1U117). 
<typeStatus id="548B88073739FFF342E6FAA2D777FA13" box="[144,262,1393,1417]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: two males and two females (
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C3739FFF340FAFAA3D4D1FA12" box="[652,672,1392,1416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2 on slide number 
<specimenCode id="DB969EDE3739FFF341EEFAA3D221FA12" box="[920,1104,1392,1416]" collectionCode="ZZDS" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">ZZDS20120707</specimenCode>
M1U110, 
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C3739FFF3437BFA43D750FA32" box="[269,289,1424,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3 on slide number 
<specimenCode id="DB969EDE3739FFF34062FA43D4BAFA32" box="[532,715,1424,1448]" collectionCode="ZZDS" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">ZZDS20120707</specimenCode>
M1U126, 
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C3739FFF3412EFA43D51DFA32" box="[856,876,1424,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1 on slide number 
<specimenCode id="DB969EDE3739FFF342E6FA63D737FA52" box="[144,326,1456,1480]" collectionCode="ZZDS" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">ZZDS20120707</specimenCode>
M1U105, 
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C3739FFF343BAFA63D791FA52" box="[460,480,1456,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2 on slide number 
<specimenCode id="DB969EDE3739FFF340B2FA63D50DFA52" box="[708,892,1456,1480]" collectionCode="ZZDS" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">ZZDS20120707</specimenCode>
M1U128). 
<location id="8EEF607E3739FFF3467CFA63D23EFA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B33739FFFC43D3FBAED2E2FC47:8EEF607E3739FFF3467CFA63D23EFA52" box="[1034,1103,1456,1480]" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" municipality="Institute of Oceanology" name="Types" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Types</location>
are deposited in the 
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, 
<collectingCounty id="62EE4E293739FFF340C5FA03D269FA72" box="[691,1048,1488,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Chinese Academy of Sciences</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B944EAB73739FFF342E6F9EFD7D8F9CE" box="[144,425,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Type locality and habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53739FFF342E6F9B0D56AF901" blockId="5.[144,1104,1596,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF83739FFF342E6F9B0D567F901" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2848970304" collectionCode="ZZDS" county="Station" latitude="23.7081" location="Intertidal" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="117.4836" municipality="Dongshan Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EEF607E3739FFF342E6F9B0D688F9E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B33739FFFC43D3FBAED2E2FC47:8EEF607E3739FFF342E6F9B0D688F9E1" box="[144,249,1635,1659]" county="Station" latitude="23.7081" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="117.4836" municipality="Dongshan Island" name="Intertidal" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Intertidal</location>
sandy sediment on the coast of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACDF3739FFF340D3F9B0D503F9E1" box="[677,882,1635,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Dongshan Island</collectingMunicipality>
, Zhangzhou City. Silt+clay: 3.27%. 
<collectingCounty id="62EE4E293739FFF3432FF950D7DBF901" box="[345,426,1667,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782">Station</collectingCounty>
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: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0450623739FFF3407DF950D4F4F901" box="[523,645,1667,1691]" degrees="23.7081" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" precision="5" value="23.7081">23.7081°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0450623739FFF340E4F950D567F901" box="[658,790,1667,1691]" degrees="117.4836" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="1782" precision="5" value="117.4836">117.4836°E</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4F662D373AFFF042A2FB98D4CFFB4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3999743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999743/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" startId="6.[212,279,1099,1121]" targetBox="[214,1167,169,1066]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF042A2FB98D4CFFB4F" blockId="6.[212,1172,1099,1238]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
Figure 3. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26373AFFF04336FB9FD427FBFA" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[320,598,1099,1121]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF04336FB9FD427FBFA" box="[320,598,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">Lauratonema dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC373AFFF04014FB9FD4C6FBFB" box="[610,695,1100,1121]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) lateral view of male head end, showing amphid and cephalic setae; (B) lateral view of female head end, showing buccal cavity; (C) lateral view of female head end, showing amphid and bacteria; (D) lateral view of female body part, showing eggs; (E, F) lateral view of male body part, showing spicules; (G) lateral view of male tail. Scale bar: A 
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF043CCFB13D7B7FB4C" box="[442,454,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">–</emphasis>
F = 10 µm; G = 25 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32A652E373AFFF042A2FAC0D753FAE8" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF042A2FAC0D73CFAB1" blockId="6.[212,1171,1299,1394]" box="[212,333,1299,1323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF042A2FAC0D73CFAB1" box="[212,333,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF042A2FAE9D753FAE8" blockId="6.[212,1171,1299,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF8373AFFF042A2FAE9D76EFAE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2848970301" location="Dongshan Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" specimenCount="1">
This species is named for the 
<typeStatus id="548B8807373AFFF04020FAE8D4F6FAC9" box="[598,647,1339,1363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">type</typeStatus>
locality, intertidal sediment on 
<location id="8EEF607E373AFFF0466BFAE9D76EFAE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B33739FFFC43D3FBAED2E2FC47:8EEF607E373AFFF0466BFAE9D76EFAE8" name="Dongshan Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">Dongshan Island</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652E373AFFFE42A2FA67D5BAF901" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1785" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="description">
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<heading id="D0C781C9373AFFF042A2FA67D794FA51" box="[212,485,1459,1483]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF042A2FA67D705FA51" box="[212,372,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">Measurements</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6B2031E373AFFF043F3FA60D7AAFA51" box="[389,475,1459,1483]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[212,270,168,190]" captionText="Table 2. Individual measurements of Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (in µm)." pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF043C1FA3ED44FF999" blockId="6.[252,1132,1517,1686]" box="[439,574,1517,1539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF043C1FA3ED7B2F999" box="[439,451,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">–</emphasis>
310 W 1421
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF0428AF9D4D45FF9A2" blockId="6.[252,1132,1517,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
<typeStatus id="548B8807373AFFF0428AF9D4D72AF987" box="[252,347,1543,1565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C373AFFF04315F9DBD704F984" box="[355,373,1544,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1: 
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; a = 61.2, b = 5.0, c = 12.3, Sc = 
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14242524
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF043C1F984D449F9F7" blockId="6.[252,1132,1517,1686]" box="[439,568,1623,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373AFFF043C1F984D7B2F9F7" box="[439,451,1623,1645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">–</emphasis>
323 
<date id="FF8E1065373AFFF04398F984D449F9F7" box="[494,568,1623,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" value="1358-05">V 1358</date>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF0428AF9BFD597F91B" blockId="6.[252,1132,1517,1686]" box="[252,998,1643,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">
<typeStatus id="548B8807373AFFF0428AF9BFD727F91B" box="[252,342,1644,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2C373AFFF04328F9B8D701F91B" box="[350,368,1643,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1: 
<quantity id="4CC89B40373AFFF04018F9B8D4B8F91B" box="[622,713,1643,1665]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4949999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783" unit="mm" value="1495.0">1495 µm</quantity>
; a = 44.7, b = 4.6, c = 10.9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373AFFF043C1F953D45FF90C" blockId="6.[252,1132,1517,1686]" box="[439,558,1664,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1783">14313330</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F662D373BFFF142E6FB15D732FAAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3999746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999746/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" startId="7.[144,211,1222,1244]" targetBox="[148,1099,169,1190]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373BFFF142E6FB15D732FAAE" blockId="7.[144,1104,1222,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26373BFFF1428AFB14D463FB46" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[252,530,1223,1244]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF1428AFB14D463FB46" box="[252,530,1223,1244]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">Lauratonema dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC373BFFF1406BFB14D403FB46" box="[541,626,1223,1244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) lateral view of female anterior part; (B) lateral view of female tail; (C) lateral view of spicule; (D) lateral view of male tail and spicule; (E) full view of female, showing reproductive system; (F) lateral view of male anterior part. Scale bar: 25 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373BFFF142E6FAA1D77EFA13" blockId="7.[144,1104,1394,1680]" box="[144,271,1394,1417]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">
<heading id="D0C781C9373BFFF142E6FAA1D77EFA13" box="[144,271,1394,1417]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF142E6FAA1D77EFA13" box="[144,271,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5373BFFFE42E6FA4AD278FB5B" blockId="7.[144,1104,1394,1680]" lastBlockId="8.[212,1172,1065,1217]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1785" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">
Body elongated and attenuating towards the ends. Cuticle marked with fine and prominent transverse striations from posterior border of amphids to tip of tail and with rod-shaped bacteria more or less adhered. Inner labial sensilla not seen. Six outer labial setae and four cephalic setae in single crown, length 
<quantity id="4CC89B40373BFFF14127FA2BD5C7F98B" box="[849,950,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">
8 
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF14128FA2AD51AF98A" box="[862,875,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">–</emphasis>
10 µm
</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CC89B40373BFFF1418EFA2BD221F98B" box="[1016,1104,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">
5 
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF14673FA2AD263F98A" box="[1029,1042,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">–</emphasis>
7 µm
</quantity>
respectively, situated 
<quantity id="4CC89B40373BFFF143F7F9CBD793F9AB" box="[385,482,1560,1585]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">
8 
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF143F8F9CAD7EAF9AA" box="[398,411,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">–</emphasis>
10 µm
</quantity>
posterior to anterior end. Funnel-shaped buccal cavity with strong cuticularized transverse strip structure, depth almost equal to width. Amphids cup-shaped, situated just posterior to the lateral outer labial setae, with diameter 0.32 
<emphasis id="B944EAB7373BFFF1435AF9AAD748F90A" box="[300,313,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1784">–</emphasis>
0.44 times of corresponding body diameter. Pharynx cylindrical and musсular, with corresponding body diameter 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE40A4FBFAD531FBD8" box="[722,832,1065,1090]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="23.0">
23 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE409BFBF9D48BFBDB" box="[749,762,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
31 µm
</quantity>
at posterior extremity. Сardia large, nearly heart-shaped, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Nerve ring surrounding pharynx situated at 47 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE43A0FBB9D792FB1B" box="[470,483,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
51% of its length. Excretory duct very short, excretory pore situated 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE4342FB5AD7D2FB38" box="[308,419,1161,1186]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="63.5" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="54.0">
54 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE4339FB59D72DFB3B" box="[335,348,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
73 µm
</quantity>
anterior to nerve ring, ventral gland located at 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE41B5FB5AD243FB38" box="[963,1074,1161,1186]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">
40 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE41A8FB59D59AFB3B" box="[990,1003,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
50 µm
</quantity>
anterior to end of pharynx. Caudal glands well developed. Terminal seta absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F662D3734FFFE42A2FF7BD26FFF24" box="[212,1054,168,190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53734FFFE42A2FF7BD26FFF24" blockId="8.[212,1054,168,190]" box="[212,1054,168,190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
Table 2. Individual measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263734FFFE402EFF7AD51AFF27" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[600,875,168,190]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE402EFF7AD51AFF27" box="[600,875,168,190]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Lauratonema dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC3734FFFE4102FF7AD5B4FF24" box="[884,965,169,190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(in µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53734FFFE42A2FF09D2E2FC44" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<table id="F930C4053734000942A2FF09D2E2FC44" box="[212,1171,218,990]" gridcols="6" gridrows="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FF09D2E2FF6A" box="[212,1171,218,240]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FF09D45BFF6A" box="[212,554,218,240]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Characters</th>
<th id="76D15D9B373400094028FF09D4CCFF6A" box="[606,701,218,240]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Holotype</th>
<th id="76D15D9B373400094113FF09D26CFF6A" box="[869,1053,218,240]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FEC2D2E2FEBD" box="[212,1171,273,295]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FEC2D4CCFEBD" box="[606,701,273,295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">♂1</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FEC2D542FEBD" box="[753,819,273,295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">♂2</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FEC2D5D6FEBD" box="[869,935,273,295]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">♂3</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFEC2D26CFEBD" box="[987,1053,273,295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">♀1</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FEC2D2E2FEBD" box="[1105,1171,273,295]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">♀2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FE97D2E2FEC0" box="[212,1171,324,346]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FE97D45BFEC0" box="[212,554,324,346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Total body length</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FE97D4CCFEC0" box="[606,701,324,346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">1547</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FE97D542FEC0" box="[753,819,324,346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">1542</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FE97D5D6FEC0" box="[869,935,324,346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">1372</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFE97D26CFEC0" box="[987,1053,324,346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">1495</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FE97D2E2FEC0" box="[1105,1171,324,346]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">1515</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FEB1D2E2FEE2" box="[212,1171,354,376]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FEB1D45BFEE2" box="[212,554,354,376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Head diameter</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FEB1D4CCFEE2" box="[606,701,354,376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FEB1D542FEE2" box="[753,819,354,376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">13</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FEB1D5D6FEE2" box="[869,935,354,376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFEB1D26CFEE2" box="[987,1053,354,376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FEB1D2E2FEE2" box="[1105,1171,354,376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FEACD2E2FE0F" box="[212,1171,383,405]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FEACD45BFE0F" box="[212,554,383,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Outer labial setae</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FEACD4CCFE0F" box="[606,701,383,405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FEACD542FE0F" box="[753,819,383,405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FEACD5D6FE0F" box="[869,935,383,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">9</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFEACD26CFE0F" box="[987,1053,383,405]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">8</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FEACD2E2FE0F" box="[1105,1171,383,405]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FE4FD2E2FE28" box="[212,1171,412,434]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FE4FD45BFE28" box="[212,554,412,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Cephalic setae</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FE4FD4CCFE28" box="[606,701,412,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">7</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FE4FD542FE28" box="[753,819,412,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FE4FD5D6FE28" box="[869,935,412,434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFE4FD26CFE28" box="[987,1053,412,434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FE4FD2E2FE28" box="[1105,1171,412,434]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FE6AD2E2FE55" box="[212,1171,441,463]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FE6AD45BFE55" box="[212,554,441,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Buccal cavity length</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FE6AD4CCFE55" box="[606,701,441,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">7</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FE6AD542FE55" box="[753,819,441,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FE6AD5D6FE55" box="[869,935,441,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFE6AD26CFE55" box="[987,1053,441,463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FE6AD2E2FE55" box="[1105,1171,441,463]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FE04D2E2FE77" box="[212,1171,471,493]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FE04D45BFE77" box="[212,554,471,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Buccal cavity diameter</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FE04D4CCFE77" box="[606,701,471,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FE04D542FE77" box="[753,819,471,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FE04D5D6FE77" box="[869,935,471,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFE04D26CFE77" box="[987,1053,471,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FE04D2E2FE77" box="[1105,1171,471,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FE27D2E2FD90" box="[212,1171,500,522]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FE27D45BFD90" box="[212,554,500,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Amphid from anterior end</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FE27D4CCFD90" box="[606,701,500,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">9</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FE27D542FD90" box="[753,819,500,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE417FFE27D550FD90" box="[777,801,500,522]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FE27D5D6FD90" box="[869,935,500,522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">8</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFE27D26CFD90" box="[987,1053,500,522]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">9</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FE27D2E2FD90" box="[1105,1171,500,522]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FDC2D2E2FDBD" box="[212,1171,529,551]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FDC2D45BFDBD" box="[212,554,529,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Amphid diameter</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FDC2D4CCFDBD" box="[606,701,529,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FDC2D542FDBD" box="[753,819,529,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE417FFDC2D550FDBD" box="[777,801,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FDC2D5D6FDBD" box="[869,935,529,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFDC2D26CFDBD" box="[987,1053,529,551]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FDC2D2E2FDBD" box="[1105,1171,529,551]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FDFDD2E2FDDE" box="[212,1171,558,580]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FDFDD45BFDDE" box="[212,554,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Amphid c.b.d.</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FDFDD4CCFDDE" box="[606,701,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">15</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FDFDD542FDDE" box="[753,819,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE417FFDFDD550FDDE" box="[777,801,558,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FDFDD5D6FDDE" box="[869,935,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFDFDD26CFDDE" box="[987,1053,558,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">15</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FDFDD2E2FDDE" box="[1105,1171,558,580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD9FD2E2FDF8" box="[212,1171,588,610]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD9FD45BFDF8" box="[212,554,588,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Excretory pore from anterior end</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD9FD4CCFDF8" box="[606,701,588,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">83</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD9FD542FDF8" box="[753,819,588,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">88</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD9FD5D6FDF8" box="[869,935,588,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">87</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD9FD26CFDF8" box="[987,1053,588,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">92</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD9FD2E2FDF8" box="[1105,1171,588,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">99</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FDBAD2E2FDE5" box="[212,1171,617,639]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FDBAD45BFDE5" box="[212,554,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Excretory pore c.b.d.</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FDBAD4CCFDE5" box="[606,701,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">23</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FDBAD542FDE5" box="[753,819,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">21</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FDBAD5D6FDE5" box="[869,935,617,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">23</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFDBAD26CFDE5" box="[987,1053,617,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FDBAD2E2FDE5" box="[1105,1171,617,639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD55D2E2FD06" box="[212,1171,646,668]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD55D45BFD06" box="[212,554,646,668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Nerve ring from anterior end</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD55D4CCFD06" box="[606,701,646,668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">146</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD55D542FD06" box="[753,819,646,668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE417FFD55D550FD06" box="[777,801,646,668]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD55D5D6FD06" box="[869,935,646,668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">148</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD55D26CFD06" box="[987,1053,646,668]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">166</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD55D2E2FD06" box="[1105,1171,646,668]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">153</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD70D2E2FD23" box="[212,1171,675,697]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD70D45BFD23" box="[212,554,675,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Nerve ring c.b.d.</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD70D4CCFD23" box="[606,701,675,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD70D542FD23" box="[753,819,675,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE417FFD70D550FD23" box="[777,801,675,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD70D5D6FD23" box="[869,935,675,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD70D26CFD23" box="[987,1053,675,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">27</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD70D2E2FD23" box="[1105,1171,675,697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD12D2E2FD4D" box="[212,1171,705,727]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD12D45BFD4D" box="[212,554,705,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD12D4CCFD4D" box="[606,701,705,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">310</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD12D542FD4D" box="[753,819,705,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">314</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD12D5D6FD4D" box="[869,935,705,727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">310</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD12D26CFD4D" box="[987,1053,705,727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">323</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD12D2E2FD4D" box="[1105,1171,705,727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">316</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD0DD2E2FD6E" box="[212,1171,734,756]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD0DD45BFD6E" box="[212,554,734,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Pharynx c.b.d.</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD0DD4CCFD6E" box="[606,701,734,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD0DD542FD6E" box="[753,819,734,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">23</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD0DD5D6FD6E" box="[869,935,734,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD0DD26CFD6E" box="[987,1053,734,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">31</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD0DD2E2FD6E" box="[1105,1171,734,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FD28D2E2FC8B" box="[212,1171,763,785]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FD28D45BFC8B" box="[212,554,763,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Maximum body diameter</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FD28D4CCFC8B" box="[606,701,763,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">25</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FD28D542FC8B" box="[753,819,763,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">25</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FD28D5D6FC8B" box="[869,935,763,785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">25</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFD28D26CFC8B" box="[987,1053,763,785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">33</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FD28D2E2FC8B" box="[1105,1171,763,785]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FCCBD2E2FCB4" box="[212,1171,792,814]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FCCBD45BFCB4" box="[212,554,792,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">a.b.d.</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FCCBD4CCFCB4" box="[606,701,792,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FCCBD542FCB4" box="[753,819,792,814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">22</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FCCBD5D6FCB4" box="[869,935,792,814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">23</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFCCBD26CFCB4" box="[987,1053,792,814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">30</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FCCBD2E2FCB4" box="[1105,1171,792,814]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FCE5D2E2FCD6" box="[212,1171,822,844]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FCE5D45BFCD6" box="[212,554,822,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Tail length</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FCE5D4CCFCD6" box="[606,701,822,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">126</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FCE5D542FCD6" box="[753,819,822,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">123</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FCE5D5D6FCD6" box="[869,935,822,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">125</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFCE5D26CFCD6" box="[987,1053,822,844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">137</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FCE5D2E2FCD6" box="[1105,1171,822,844]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">141</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FC80D2E2FCF3" box="[212,1171,851,873]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FC80D45BFCF3" box="[212,554,851,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
c 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE42A8FC80D692FCF3" bold="true" box="[222,227,851,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">′</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FC80D4CCFCF3" box="[606,701,851,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5.3</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FC80D542FCF3" box="[753,819,851,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5.6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FC80D5D6FCF3" box="[869,935,851,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5.3</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFC80D26CFCF3" box="[987,1053,851,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4.6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FC80D2E2FCF3" box="[1105,1171,851,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FCA3D2E2FC1C" box="[212,1171,880,902]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FCA3D45BFC1C" box="[212,554,880,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Spicule length as arc</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FCA3D4CCFC1C" box="[606,701,880,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FCA3D542FC1C" box="[753,819,880,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">15</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FCA3D5D6FC1C" box="[869,935,880,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">14</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFCA3D26CFC1C" box="[987,1053,880,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE4185FCA3D27AFC1C" box="[1011,1035,880,902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FCA3D2E2FC1C" box="[1105,1171,880,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE461FFCA3D2F0FC1C" box="[1129,1153,880,902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">—</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FC5ED2E2FC39" box="[212,1171,909,931]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FC5ED45BFC39" box="[212,554,909,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">a</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FC5ED4CCFC39" box="[606,701,909,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">61.2</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FC5ED542FC39" box="[753,819,909,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">61.3</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FC5ED5D6FC39" box="[869,935,909,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">54.4</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFC5ED26CFC39" box="[987,1053,909,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">44.7</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FC5ED2E2FC39" box="[1105,1171,909,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">56.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FC78D2E2FC5B" box="[212,1171,939,961]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FC78D45BFC5B" box="[212,554,939,961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">b</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FC78D4CCFC5B" box="[606,701,939,961]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">5.0</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FC78D542FC5B" box="[753,819,939,961]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4.9</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FC78D5D6FC5B" box="[869,935,939,961]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4.4</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFC78D26CFC5B" box="[987,1053,939,961]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4.6</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FC78D2E2FC5B" box="[1105,1171,939,961]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">4.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350034E73734000942A2FC1BD2E2FC44" box="[212,1171,968,990]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<th id="76D15D9B3734000942A2FC1BD45BFC44" box="[212,554,968,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">c</th>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094028FC1BD4CCFC44" box="[606,701,968,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">12.3</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094087FC1BD542FC44" box="[753,819,968,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">12.5</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094113FC1BD5D6FC44" box="[869,935,968,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">11.0</td>
<td id="76D15D9B3734000941ADFC1BD26CFC44" box="[987,1053,968,990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10.9</td>
<td id="76D15D9B373400094627FC1BD2E2FC44" box="[1105,1171,968,990]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">10.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53734FFFE42A2FB24D59BFA54" blockId="8.[212,1172,1270,1486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE42A2FB24D767FA95" box="[212,278,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Male.</emphasis>
Tail elongate conoid, length 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE4005FB25D573FA95" box="[627,770,1270,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMax="1.26" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="124.5" valueMax="126.0" valueMin="123.0">
123 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE40EDFB24D4D9FA94" box="[667,680,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
126 µm
</quantity>
, 5.3 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE4142FB24D530FA94" box="[820,833,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
5.6 a.b.d. long. Two rows of setae just located at ventrosublateral of tail. Reproductive system diorchic with two testes arranged in tandem; anterior testis situated to right, posterior testis to left of intestine. Spicules blade-like, short and straight, 0.58 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE415CFA84D546FAF4" box="[810,823,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
0.67 times a.b.d. long. In three measured specimens, one with spicules with proximal end unclosed (
<figureCitation id="130B2A203734FFFE467BFAA5D2F4FA14" box="[1037,1157,1398,1422]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[214,1167,169,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1170,168,1067]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male head end, showing amphid and cephalic setae; (B) lateral view of female head end, showing buccal cavity; (C) lateral view of female head end, showing amphid and bacteria; (D) lateral view of female body part, showing eggs; (E, F) lateral view of male body part, showing spicules; (G) lateral view of male tail. Scale bar: A–F = 10 µm; G = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
), others with slightly cephalated proximal end (
<figureCitation id="130B2A203734FFFE416AFA45D5EDFA34" box="[796,924,1430,1454]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[214,1167,169,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1170,168,1067]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male head end, showing amphid and cephalic setae; (B) lateral view of female head end, showing buccal cavity; (C) lateral view of female head end, showing amphid and bacteria; (D) lateral view of female body part, showing eggs; (E, F) lateral view of male body part, showing spicules; (G) lateral view of male tail. Scale bar: A–F = 10 µm; G = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3999743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3999743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
). No gubernaculum observed. A small papilla situated at about 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE40BFFA65D561FA54" box="[713,784,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
anterior to cloaca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53734FFFE42A2F9D7D5BAF901" blockId="8.[212,1172,1539,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE42A2F9D7D75DF986" box="[212,300,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">Female.</emphasis>
Similar to male in general characteristics, but tail a little longer, length 
<quantity id="4CC89B403734FFFE42A2F9F0D72FF9A6" box="[212,350,1571,1596]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="1.3699999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785" unit="mm" value="139.0" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="137.0">
137 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73734FFFE428AF9F7D778F9A1" box="[252,265,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1785">–</emphasis>
141 µm
</quantity>
, without ventrosublateral seta. Reproductive system monodelphic, single ovary reflexed, situatеd entirely to right of intestine. Gеnital zonе of oogonia arrangеd in onе or two rows; growth zonе with a singlе row of gradually enlarging ooсytеs. Female genital duct united with rectum forming a cloaca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652E3735FFFF42E6FF7AD4ECFA1D" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FF7AD7D3FF5A" blockId="9.[144,1104,168,742]" box="[144,418,168,192]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<heading id="D0C781C93735FFFF42E6FF7AD7D3FF5A" box="[144,418,168,192]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6FF7AD7D3FF5A" box="[144,418,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Diagnosis and discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FF02D575FD7C" blockId="9.[144,1104,168,742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF42E6FF02D7BBFF72" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[144,458,208,232]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6FF02D7BBFF72" box="[144,458,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonema dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC3735FFFF43ACFF02D44DFF72" box="[474,572,209,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF41D3FF02D752FE92" authority="Wieser, 1959" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1959" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugiunculus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF41D3FF02D23EFF72" box="[933,1103,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. pugiunculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF42E6FF23D752FE92" author="Wieser W" box="[144,291,240,264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="179" refId="ref5029" refString="Wieser W. 1959. Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound Beaches. Washington (DC): University of Washington Press; p. 179." type="book chapter" year="1959">Wieser, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4342FF22D419FE92" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[308,616,240,264]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="reductum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4342FF22D7CCFE92" box="[308,445,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. reductum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF43BEFF23D419FE92" author="Gerlach SA" box="[456,616,240,264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF40D1FF22D5A9FE92" authority="Gerlach, 1954" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[679,984,240,264]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hospitum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40D1FF22D55CFE92" box="[679,813,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. hospitum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF414EFF23D5A9FE92" author="Gerlach SA" box="[824,984,240,264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4624" refString="Gerlach SA. 1954. Brasilianische Meeres-nematoden 1: (ergebnisse eines studienaufenthaltes an der Universitat Sao Paulo). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico. 5: 03 - 69." type="journal volume" year="1954">
Gerlach, 
<quantity id="4CC89B403735FFFF41D5FF23D5A9FE92" box="[931,984,240,264]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96316" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" unit="in" value="1954.0">1954</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in several characteristics, such as their small buccal cavities, which are as short as or shorter than wide; outer labial setae and cephalic setae of unequal length; gubernaculum absent. However, the new species can be easily distinguished by the shape of buccal cavity (funnel-shaped with strong cuticularized transverse strip structure, depth almost equal to width versus small and conical) and spicules (blade-like, short and straight versus slender, more or less straight but with an S-like bend), the number and arrangement of male caudal papillae (one small precloacal ventral papilla versus three to four postcloacal ventral papillae), the tail length (c 10.7 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF410DFE23D5F9FD9D" box="[891,904,496,519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
12.5 versus 18; c 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF463CFE3CD221FD9D" bold="true" box="[1098,1104,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">′</emphasis>
4.6 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42C7FDC3D6CFFDBD" box="[177,190,528,551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
6.0 versus 6.8), etc. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4001FDC3D574FDBD" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[631,773,527,551]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="reductum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4001FDC3D574FDBD" box="[631,773,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. reductum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the length of the body (
<date id="FF8E10653735FFFF42E1FDFCD761FDDD" box="[151,272,559,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" value="1372" valueMax="1547">
1372 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42BBFDE3D6ABFDDD" box="[205,218,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
1547
</date>
μm versus 
<date id="FF8E10653735FFFF43EFFDFCD461FDDD" box="[409,528,559,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" value="1601" valueMax="1977">
1601 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF43B8FDE3D7AAFDDD" box="[462,475,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
1977
</date>
μm), pharynx (b 4.4 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4172FDE3D560FDDD" box="[772,785,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
5.0 versus 5.3 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF41C6FDE3D5CCFDDD" box="[944,957,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
7.6), spicules (14 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42C5FD9CD6B1FDFC" box="[179,192,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
15 μm versus 21 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4302FD9CD7F0FDFC" box="[372,385,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
24 μm) and adult tail (c 10.7 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40B6FD9CD4BCFDFC" box="[704,717,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
12.5 versus 8.8 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4105FD9CD5F1FDFC" box="[883,896,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
10.4), the presence of precloacal papilla, etc. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF43C1FDBCD43FFD1D" author="Gerlach SA" box="[439,590,623,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach 1953</bibRefCitation>
). From 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF40DAFDA3D55EFD1D" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[684,815,623,647]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hospitum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40DAFDA3D55EFD1D" box="[684,815,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. hospitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new species differs by having small precloacal papilla, shorter spicules (14 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF408EFD5CD574FD3C" box="[760,773,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
15 μm and 0.58 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF41B0FD5CD5A2FD3C" box="[966,979,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
0.67 a.b.d. versus 21 μm and about one a.b.d.) and tail (c 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40E9FD7DD4D4FD5C" bold="true" box="[671,677,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">′</emphasis>
4.6 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40A6FD7CD4ACFD5C" box="[720,733,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
6.0 versus 6.5 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4101FD7CD5F5FD5C" box="[887,900,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
7.5), and plumper body form (a 44.7 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4328FD1CD71AFD7C" box="[350,363,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
61.3 versus 68 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF407AFD1CD468FD7C" box="[524,537,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
118) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF402CFD1DD482FD7C" author="Gerlach SA" box="[602,755,718,742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4624" refString="Gerlach SA. 1954. Brasilianische Meeres-nematoden 1: (ergebnisse eines studienaufenthaltes an der Universitat Sao Paulo). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico. 5: 03 - 69." type="journal volume" year="1954">Gerlach 1954</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FCFAD40BFCDA" blockId="9.[144,1104,809,1415]" box="[144,634,809,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<heading id="D0C781C93735FFFF42E6FCFAD40BFCDA" box="[144,634,809,833]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6FCFAD40BFCDA" bold="true" box="[144,634,809,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
General discussion and key to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4390FCFAD40BFCDA" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[486,634,809,832]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4390FCFAD40BFCDA" bold="true" box="[486,634,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FC82D4ECFA1D" blockId="9.[144,1104,809,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
So far, a total of eight valid species in genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF40E4FC81D5BFFCF3" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[658,974,849,873]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF40E4FC81D557FCF3" box="[658,806,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4159FC82D5BFFCF3" author="Gerlach SA" box="[815,974,849,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are known (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF42E1FCA2D790FC13" author="Gerlach SA &amp; Riemann F" box="[151,481,881,905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="477" refId="ref4685" refString="Gerlach SA, Riemann F. 1974. The Bremerhaven Checklist of Aquatic Nematodes: A Catalogue of Nenmatoda Adenophorea Excluding the Dorylaimida. Veroff Inst Meeresforsch Bremerh Suppl. 4: 477." type="journal article" year="1974">Gerlach and Riemann 1974</bibRefCitation>
; http://nemys.ugent.be; http://www.marinespecies.org/ index.php; http://entomology.tamu.edu/; http://pipedev.tamu.edu/Biocat/Search/ SearchTaxa.aspx). A dichotomous key including eight species in this genus was provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4369FC02D7B4FC72" author="Hopper BE" box="[287,453,976,1000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="183 - 199" refId="ref4800" refString="Hopper BE. 1961. Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. Can J Zool. 39: 183 - 199." type="journal article" year="1961">Hopper (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, and three new species were described later: 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF41C8FC02D455FB92" authority="Murphy and Jensen, 1961" authorityName="Murphy and Jensen" authorityYear="1961" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obtusicaudatum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF41C8FC02D6A4FB92" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. obtusicaudatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4293FC23D455FB92" author="Murphy DG &amp; Jensen H" box="[229,548,1008,1032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="167 - 168" refId="ref4928" refString="Murphy DG, Jensen H. 1961. Lauratonema obtusicaudatum n. sp. (NEMATA- ENOPLOIDEA), a marine nematode from coast of Oregon. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash. 28: 167 - 168." type="journal article" year="1961">Murphy and Jensen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF404AFC22D5E6FB92" authority="Platonova, 1971" authorityName="Platonova" authorityYear="1971" box="[572,919,1008,1032]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF404AFC22D4B7FB92" box="[572,710,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. minutum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF40A1FC23D5E6FB92" author="Platonova TA" box="[727,919,1008,1032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="72 - 108" refId="ref4966" refString="Platonova TA. 1971. Free-living marine nematodes from the Possjet Bay of the Sea of Japan. Isledovanija fauni morjei. 8: 72 - 108. Russian." type="journal article" year="1971">Platonova, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4195FC22D74CFBB2" authority="Fadeeva, 1989" authorityName="Fadeeva" authorityYear="1989" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="juncta">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4195FC22D23EFB92" box="[995,1103,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. juncta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF42E6FBC3D74CFBB2" author="Fadeeva NP" box="[144,317,1040,1064]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4563" refString="Fadeeva NP. 1989. Free-living nematode family Lauratonematidae (Nematoda Enoplida) from the sea of Japan. Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow). 33 - 39. Russian." type="book" year="1989">Fadeeva, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF43A2FBC2D42FFBB2" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[468,606,1040,1064]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="originale">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF43A2FBC2D42FFBB2" box="[468,606,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. originale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was moved to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4147FBC3D59EFBB2" authorityName=", Tchesunov" authorityYear="1984" box="[817,1007,1040,1064]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonemoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4147FBC3D59EFBB2" box="[817,1007,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4658FBC2D73FFBD2" author="De Coninck LAP" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="1 - 731" refId="ref4543" refString="De Coninck LAP. 1965. Systematique des nematodes. Traite de Zoologie. 4: 1 - 731." type="journal article" year="1965">De Coninck (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF431EFBE3D44FFBD2" author="Tchesunov AV" box="[360,574,1072,1096]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="79 - 96" refId="ref4996" refString="Tchesunov AV. 1984. Materials for the revision of marine free-living nematodes of the family Lauratonematidae. Proc Zoolog Inst Usser Acad Sci. 126: 79 - 96. Russian." type="journal article" year="1984">Tchesunov (1984)</bibRefCitation>
gave a dichotomous key to the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF42E6FB83D712FBF2" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[144,355,1104,1128]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Lauratonematidae</taxonomicName>
, transferred 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF438CFB82D48AFBF2" authorityName="Platonova" authorityYear="1971" box="[506,763,1105,1128]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF438CFB82D48AFBF2" box="[506,763,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonema minutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the gonad of which is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4377FBA2D7F6FB12" box="[257,391,1136,1160]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="originalis">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4377FBA2D7F6FB12" box="[257,391,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. originalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF43C4FBA3D401FB12" authorityName=", Tchesunov" authorityYear="1984" box="[434,624,1136,1160]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonemoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF43C4FBA3D401FB12" box="[434,624,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and established the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF41D7FBA3D23EFB12" authorityName="Tchesunov" authorityYear="1984" box="[929,1103,1136,1160]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonemella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF41D7FBA3D23EFB12" box="[929,1103,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonemella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
solely for 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4376FB42D45DFB3D" authority="Gerlach, 1959" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1959" box="[256,556,1167,1192]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spiculifer">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4376FB42D7F4FB32" box="[256,389,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. spiculifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF43F8FB5CD45DFB3D" author="Gerlach SA" box="[398,556,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="360 - 364" refId="ref4655" refString="Gerlach SA. 1959. Drei neue Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser der Insel Abd el-Kuri (Golf von Aden). Zool Anz. 163: 360 - 364." type="journal article" year="1959">Gerlach, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF404AFB5CD572FB3D" author="De Coninck LAP" box="[572,771,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="1 - 731" refId="ref4543" refString="De Coninck LAP. 1965. Systematique des nematodes. Traite de Zoologie. 4: 1 - 731." type="journal article" year="1965">De Coninck 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4164FB5CD5B8FB3D" author="Tchesunov AV" box="[786,969,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="79 - 96" refId="ref4996" refString="Tchesunov AV. 1984. Materials for the revision of marine free-living nematodes of the family Lauratonematidae. Proc Zoolog Inst Usser Acad Sci. 126: 79 - 96. Russian." type="journal article" year="1984">Tchesunov 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF41AFFB5CD74FFB5D" author="Gourbault N &amp; Vincx M" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="789 - 801" refId="ref4719" refString="Gourbault N, Vincx M. 1986. Nematodes marins de Guadeloupe. V: Lauratonema spiculifer Gerlach, 1959; description du systeme reproducteur des Lauratonematidae. Bulletin du Museum national d ' histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et ecologie animales. 8: 789 - 801." type="journal article" year="1986">Gourbault and Vincx 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF433AFB7CD796FB5D" author="Fadeeva NP" box="[332,487,1199,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4563" refString="Fadeeva NP. 1989. Free-living nematode family Lauratonematidae (Nematoda Enoplida) from the sea of Japan. Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow). 33 - 39. Russian." type="book" year="1989">Fadeeva 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, this genus contains eight valid species. We revise the key base on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF43FFFB03D45FFB7D" author="Hopper BE" box="[393,558,1231,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="183 - 199" refId="ref4800" refString="Hopper BE. 1961. Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. Can J Zool. 39: 183 - 199." type="journal article" year="1961">Hopper (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4013FB1CD55CFB7D" author="Tchesunov AV" box="[613,813,1231,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="79 - 96" refId="ref4996" refString="Tchesunov AV. 1984. Materials for the revision of marine free-living nematodes of the family Lauratonematidae. Proc Zoolog Inst Usser Acad Sci. 126: 79 - 96. Russian." type="journal article" year="1984">Tchesunov (1984)</bibRefCitation>
including all known eight valid species in this genus as well as the two newly described species, according to the size of buccal cavity, the shape and situation of the amphids, the length of the cephalic setae, the length and shape of spicules, the existence of ventral papillae, etc., as follows (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF432AFA9CD78DFAFD" author="Gerlach SA" box="[348,508,1359,1383]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach 1953</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4065FA9CD439FAFD" author="Gerlach SA" box="[531,584,1359,1383]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4624" refString="Gerlach SA. 1954. Brasilianische Meeres-nematoden 1: (ergebnisse eines studienaufenthaltes an der Universitat Sao Paulo). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico. 5: 03 - 69." type="journal volume" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4029FA9CD481FAFD" author="Wieser W" box="[607,752,1359,1383]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="179" refId="ref5029" refString="Wieser W. 1959. Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound Beaches. Washington (DC): University of Washington Press; p. 179." type="book chapter" year="1959">Wieser 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4171FA83D5D3FAFD" author="Hopper BE" box="[775,930,1359,1383]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="183 - 199" refId="ref4800" refString="Hopper BE. 1961. Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. Can J Zool. 39: 183 - 199." type="journal article" year="1961">Hopper 1961</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF41CFFA9CD766FA1D" author="Murphy DG &amp; Jensen H" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="167 - 168" refId="ref4928" refString="Murphy DG, Jensen H. 1961. Lauratonema obtusicaudatum n. sp. (NEMATA- ENOPLOIDEA), a marine nematode from coast of Oregon. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash. 28: 167 - 168." type="journal article" year="1961">Murphy and Jensen 1961</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4351FABCD7AEFA1D" author="Tchesunov AV" box="[295,479,1391,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="79 - 96" refId="ref4996" refString="Tchesunov AV. 1984. Materials for the revision of marine free-living nematodes of the family Lauratonematidae. Proc Zoolog Inst Usser Acad Sci. 126: 79 - 96. Russian." type="journal article" year="1984">Tchesunov 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF4399FABCD4FDFA1D" author="Fadeeva NP" box="[495,652,1391,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" refId="ref4563" refString="Fadeeva NP. 1989. Free-living nematode family Lauratonematidae (Nematoda Enoplida) from the sea of Japan. Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow). 33 - 39. Russian." type="book" year="1989">Fadeeva 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652E3735FFFC42E6FA17D2E2FC47" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1787" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FA17D42AFA41" blockId="9.[144,603,1476,1500]" box="[144,603,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<heading id="D0C781C93735FFFF42E6FA17D42AFA41" box="[144,603,1476,1500]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6FA17D42AFA41" bold="true" box="[144,603,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
Key to species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF43B1FA17D42AFA41" ID-CoL="87GRK" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[455,603,1476,1499]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF43B1FA17D42AFA41" bold="true" box="[455,603,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">Lauratonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<key id="FFA161943735FFFC42E6FA27D2E2FC47" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1787" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<keyStep id="30C42E003735FFFF42E6FA27D23EF9B1" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6FA27D23EF996" blockId="9.[144,1103,1524,1581]" box="[144,1103,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<keyLead id="30C195903735FFFF42E6FA27D23EF996" box="[144,1103,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">1. Stoma spacious, length more than width ............................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6F9C2D23EF9B1" blockId="9.[144,1103,1524,1581]" box="[144,1103,1553,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<keyLead id="30C195903735FFFF42E6F9C2D23EF9B1" box="[144,1103,1553,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6F9C2D6D1F9B7" box="[144,160,1553,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
Stoma small, length equal to, or less than, width ................................................ 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003735FFFF42E6F990D23EF901" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6F990D23EF9E1" blockId="9.[144,1103,1603,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<keyLead id="30C195903735FFFF42E6F990D23EF9E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
2. Amphids anterior to lateral outer labial setae, at the level of buccal cavity .......... .................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263735FFFF4167F9B7D23EF9E1" ID-CoL="88HML" authority="Wieser, 1959" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1959" box="[785,1103,1635,1659]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mentulatum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF4167F9B7D5C4F9E1" box="[785,949,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">L. mentulatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543735FFFF41C8F9B0D23EF9E1" author="Wieser W" box="[958,1103,1635,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786" pagination="179" refId="ref5029" refString="Wieser W. 1959. Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound Beaches. Washington (DC): University of Washington Press; p. 179." type="book chapter" year="1959">Wieser, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53735FFFF42E6F953D23EF901" blockId="9.[144,1103,1603,1692]" box="[144,1103,1664,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<keyLead id="30C195903735FFFF42E6F953D23EF901" box="[144,1103,1664,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73735FFFF42E6F953D6D1F906" box="[144,160,1664,1692]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1786">–</emphasis>
Amphids posterior to lateral outer labial setae, below buccal cavity .................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FF7BD2E5FE85" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FF7BD2E5FF7A" blockId="10.[212,1172,168,288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FF7BD2E5FF7A" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
3. Stoma length 1.5 times width. Amphids reniform ............................................ ........................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC4154FF1AD2E5FF7A" ID-CoL="88HMR" authority="Hopper, 1961" authorityName="Hopper" authorityYear="1961" box="[802,1172,200,224]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="reniamphidum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC4154FF1AD599FF7A" box="[802,1000,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. reniamphidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4184FF1AD2E5FF7A" author="Hopper BE" box="[1010,1172,200,224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" pagination="183 - 199" refId="ref4800" refString="Hopper BE. 1961. Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. Can J Zool. 39: 183 - 199." type="journal article" year="1961">Hopper, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FF36D2E5FE85" blockId="10.[212,1172,168,288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FF36D2E5FE85" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FF36D695FE9B" box="[212,228,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Stoma length 2.1 
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC43C5FF3AD7B1FE9A" box="[435,448,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
2.3 times width. Amphids cup-shaped (if visible) ...................... ........................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC41FFFEDAD240FEBA" ID-CoL="8GBPM" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[905,1073,265,288]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macrostoma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC41FFFEDAD240FEBA" box="[905,1073,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. macrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC3736FFFC464CFEDBD2E5FE85" box="[1082,1172,264,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FEEBD2E2FE15" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FEEBD2E5FEEA" blockId="10.[212,1172,312,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FEEBD2E5FEEA" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
4. Outer labial setae and cephalic setae of equal length ....................................... ............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC4130FE8AD2E5FEEA" ID-CoL="88HMJ" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[838,1172,344,368]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="adriaticum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC4130FE8AD595FEEA" box="[838,996,344,368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. adriaticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4198FE8BD2E5FEEA" author="Gerlach SA" box="[1006,1172,344,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FEA6D2E2FE15" blockId="10.[212,1172,312,401]" box="[212,1171,373,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FEA6D2E2FE15" box="[212,1171,373,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FEA6D695FE0B" box="[212,228,373,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Outer labial setae and cephalic setae of unequal length ...................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FE74D2E2FE45" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FE74D2E2FE25" blockId="10.[212,1171,423,480]" box="[212,1171,423,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FE74D2E2FE25" box="[212,1171,423,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">5. Male caudal region with ventral papilla .............................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FE17D2E2FE45" blockId="10.[212,1171,423,480]" box="[212,1171,452,480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FE17D2E2FE45" box="[212,1171,452,480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FE17D695FE7A" box="[212,228,452,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Male caudal region without ventral papilla ......................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FE24D2E2FDB5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FE24D2E2FD95" blockId="10.[212,1171,503,560]" box="[212,1171,503,527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FE24D2E2FD95" box="[212,1171,503,527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
6. Stoma with dentate cuticularized ...................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC41F7FE2BD2E2FD95" ID-CoL="8GBPL" authority="Fadeeva, 1989" authorityName="Fadeeva" authorityYear="1989" box="[897,1171,503,527]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="juncta">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC41F7FE2BD597FD95" box="[897,998,504,527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. juncta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4199FE24D2E2FD95" author="Fadeeva NP" box="[1007,1171,503,527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" refId="ref4563" refString="Fadeeva NP. 1989. Free-living nematode family Lauratonematidae (Nematoda Enoplida) from the sea of Japan. Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow). 33 - 39. Russian." type="book" year="1989">Fadeeva, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FDC7D2E2FDB5" blockId="10.[212,1171,503,560]" box="[212,1171,532,560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FDC7D2E2FDB5" box="[212,1171,532,560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FDC7D695FDAA" box="[212,228,532,560]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Stoma without dentate cuticularized ................................................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FD94D2E2FD24" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FD94D2E2FDE4" blockId="10.[212,1171,583,702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FD94D2E2FDE4" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
7. Cephalic region set off by a slight constriction. Male with one precloacal and two postcloacal ventral papillae ............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC40E3FDBBD2E2FDE4" ID-CoL="88HMN" authority="Murphy and Jensen, 1961" authorityName="Murphy and Jensen" authorityYear="1961" box="[661,1171,614,639]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obtusicaudatum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC40E3FDBBD512FDE5" box="[661,867,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. obtusicaudatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC411AFDB5D2E2FDE4" author="Murphy DG &amp; Jensen H" box="[876,1171,614,638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" pagination="167 - 168" refId="ref4928" refString="Murphy DG, Jensen H. 1961. Lauratonema obtusicaudatum n. sp. (NEMATA- ENOPLOIDEA), a marine nematode from coast of Oregon. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash. 28: 167 - 168." type="journal article" year="1961">Murphy and Jensen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FD57D2E2FD24" blockId="10.[212,1171,583,702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FD57D2E2FD24" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FD57D695FD3A" box="[212,228,644,672]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Cephalic region not set off. Male with either precloacal or postcloacal ventral papillae ................................................................................................................ 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FD05D2E5FCD7" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FD05D2E2FC94" blockId="10.[212,1172,726,846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FD05D2E2FC94" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
8. Spicule slender, with a slight S-like bend. Gubernaculum small, thin. Male with three to four postcloacal ventral papillae .................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC4120FD24D2E2FC94" ID-CoL="88HMP" authority="Wieser, 1959" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1959" box="[854,1171,758,782]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugiunculus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC4120FD24D588FC94" box="[854,1017,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. pugiunculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4674FD25D2E2FC94" author="Wieser W" box="[1026,1171,758,782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" pagination="179" refId="ref5029" refString="Wieser W. 1959. Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound Beaches. Washington (DC): University of Washington Press; p. 179." type="book chapter" year="1959">Wieser, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FCC0D2E5FCD7" blockId="10.[212,1172,726,846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FCC0D2E5FCD7" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FCC0D695FCB5" box="[212,228,787,815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Spicules blade-like, short and straight. Gubernaculum absent. Male with one small precloacal ventral papilla ................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC410CFCE4D240FCD4" ID-CoL="8GBPK" authority="Chen &amp; Guo, 2015" authorityName="Chen &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2015" box="[890,1073,822,846]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dongshanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC410CFCE4D240FCD4" box="[890,1073,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. dongshanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CC3736FFFC464CFCE5D2E5FCD7" box="[1082,1172,822,845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C42E003736FFFC42A2FCB6D2E2FC47" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FCB6D2E2FC07" blockId="10.[212,1171,869,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
<keyLead id="30C195903736FFFC42A2FCB6D2E2FC07" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
9. Body form slender, a more than 65; outer labial setae 8.5 μm ............................... ...................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC4110FC55D2E2FC07" ID-CoL="88HMK" authority="Gerlach, 1954" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[870,1171,901,926]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hospitum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC4110FC55D59AFC04" box="[870,1003,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. hospitum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4182FC56D2E2FC07" author="Gerlach SA" box="[1012,1171,901,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" refId="ref4624" refString="Gerlach SA. 1954. Brasilianische Meeres-nematoden 1: (ergebnisse eines studienaufenthaltes an der Universitat Sao Paulo). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico. 5: 03 - 69." type="journal volume" year="1954">Gerlach, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A53736FFFC42A2FC70D2E2FC47" blockId="10.[212,1171,869,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">
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<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC42A2FC70D695FC25" box="[212,228,931,959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">–</emphasis>
Body form plumper, a less than 50; outer labial setae 11 to 15 μm ....................... ...................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D263736FFFC4115FC15D2E2FC47" ID-CoL="88HMQ" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[867,1171,965,990]" class="Enoplea" family="Lauratonematidae" genus="Lauratonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="reductum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB73736FFFC4115FC15D59AFC44" box="[867,1003,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787">L. reductum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B543736FFFC4182FC16D2E2FC47" author="Gerlach SA" box="[1012,1171,965,989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1787" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref4594" refString="Gerlach SA. 1953. Lauratonema nov. gen., Vertreter einer neuen Familie mariner Nematoden aus dem Kustengrundwasser. Zool Anz. 151: 43 - 52." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
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</treatment>
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