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<document id="BA0E74098FA31F8D298A757F8BEC1663" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13700770" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725575392568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bosak, Sunčica & Sarno, Diana" docDate="2017" docId="038587FE5157FFF76AE5FDCDD9A3FB45" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 314 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Chaetoceros constrictus Gran 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFBCFF865144FFE46A6DFFCBDD70FFEC" masterDocTitle="The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1725585328926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="ED9E4D6E64A970A1660CD2516DA4036C">The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5306B56214BE7EA68F3419338CCB0B6B">Bosak, Sunčica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D6C3BA137C16C95F6024E0C9257F077">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="735150EDC12E7FA8DFB6CFBA1B37AD55">Sarno, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1680237EA5497EC50575FDB4AC8EC9BE">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CDE706EBEF095A0652B00AA2CD26957B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="6E79907D6A2A64857DC652AD866DA37A">2017-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="138865750808E6FDE49D3110AD1728C6">314</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C33665635157FFF76AE5FDCDDF9FFDCD" box="[136,751,518,545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FDCDDF9FFDCD" blockId="19.[136,751,518,545]" box="[136,751,518,545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0DB81845157FFF76AE5FDCDDF9FFDCD" box="[136,751,518,545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C11C65157FFF76AE5FDCDDF9FFDCD" box="[136,751,518,545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10F95157FFF76AE5FDCDDF28FDCD" author="Gran, H. H." box="[136,600,518,545]" page=")" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1897">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B5157FFF76AE5FDCDDF28FDCD" ID-CoL="TB3D" authority="Gran (1897: 17)" authorityName="Gran" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1897" box="[136,600,518,545]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="constrictus">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FDCDDCECFDCC" bold="true" box="[136,412,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chaetoceros constrictus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76BCEFDC3DF28FDCD" author="Gran, H. H." box="[419,600,520,545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref26666" refString="Gran, H. H. (1897) Botanik. Protophyta: Diatomaceae, Silicoflagellata og Cilioflagellata. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876 - 1878, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1897">Gran (1897: 17)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF7680BFDC3DF97FDCD" box="[614,743,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 79–82</figureCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33665635157FFF76AE5FDE5D9A3FB45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FDE5D819FD8B" blockId="19.[136,1451,558,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FDE5DD87FDAF" bold="true" box="[136,247,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">References</emphasis>
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:—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76B79FDE5DCDFFDAF" author="Hustedt, F." box="[276,431,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref27612" refString="Hustedt, F. (1930) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterrreichs und der Schweiz under Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. 1. Teil. Akademische Verlaggesellschaft, Leipzig, 920 pp." type="book" year="1930">Hustedt (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76BADFDE5DF32FDAF" author="Cupp, E. E." box="[448,578,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref26235" refString="Cupp, E. E. (1943) Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of north America. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical series 5: 1 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1943">Cupp (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF7683FFDE5DE15FDAF" author="Rines, J. E. B. & Hargraves, P. E." box="[594,869,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref29358" refString="Rines, J. E. B. & Hargraves, P. E. (1988) The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) Flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, U. S. A. Bibliotheca Phycologica, Band 79, J. Cramer, Berlin, 196 pp." type="book" year="1988">Rines & Hargraves (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76918FDE5D9F1FDAF" author="Hernandez-Becerril, D. U." box="[885,1153,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref27227" refString="Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. (1996) A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bullettin of the Natural History Museum of London 26: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="1996">Hernández-Becerril (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76EFCFDE5D8D7FDAF" author="Jensen, K. G. & Moestrup, O." box="[1169,1447,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref27749" refString="Jensen, K. G. & Moestrup, O. (1998) The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in innner Danish coastal waters. Opera Botanica 133: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Jensen & Moestrup (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76AD0FD99DF0FFD8B" author="Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Flores Granados, C." box="[189,639,594,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="505 - 519" refId="ref27444" refString="Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Flores Granados, C. (1998) Species of the diatom genus Chaetoceros (Bacilariophyceae) in the plankton from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Botanica Marina 41: 505 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1998.41.1 - 6.505" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Hernández-Becerril &
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<collectingCountry id="F33B76785157FFF76BF4FD99DCA5FD8B" box="[409,469,594,615]" name="Indonesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Granados (1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF768E4FD99DEC0FD8B" author="Berard-Therriault, L. & Poulin, M. & Bosse, L." box="[649,944,594,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref25548" refString="Berard-Therriault, L., Poulin, M. & Bosse, L. (1999) Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuarie et du golfe du Saint- Laurent incluant egalement certains protozoaires (Guide to the identifying marine phytoplankton of the estuary and gulf of St. Lawrence including certain protozoans). Publication speciale canadienne des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques, Ottawa, 387 pp." type="book" year="1999">
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Berard-Therriault
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76955FD99DE13FD8B" box="[824,867,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. (1999)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF769D7FD99D9DEFD8B" author="Shevchenko, O. G. & Orlova, T. Y. & Hernandez-Becerril, D. U." box="[954,1198,594,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref29826" refString="Shevchenko, O. G., Orlova, T. Y. & Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. (2006) The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Botanica Marina 49: 236 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2006.028" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Shevchenko
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76E5BFD99D910FD8B" box="[1078,1120,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76ED5FD99D815FD8B" author="Lee, S. D. & Joo, H. M. & Lee, J. H." box="[1208,1381,594,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="614 - 638" refId="ref28128" refString="Lee, S. D., Joo, H. M. & Lee, J. H. (2014 a) Critical criteria for identification of the genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) based on setae ultrastructure. II. Subgenus Hyalochaete. Phycologia 53: 614 - 638. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 14 - 51 R 2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76E8FFD99D87CFD8B" box="[1250,1292,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FD53DFD4FD5D" blockId="19.[136,1452,664,1193]" box="[136,676,664,689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FD53DC4BFD5D" bold="true" box="[136,315,664,689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morphometry:</emphasis>
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—a.a.: 5–18 μm; p.a.: 7–17 μm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AD0FD77DE09FC41" blockId="19.[136,1452,664,1193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AD0FD77DD9AFD39" bold="true" box="[189,234,700,725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">LM</emphasis>
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:—Cells are united in very straight and usually short chains (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF769D5FD77D960FD39" box="[952,1040,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
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). The valve surface is concave and the valve corners are sharp and drawn up, touching between sibling valves (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF7698AFD2BD94CFD15" box="[999,1084,736,761]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
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). The aperture is quite large and distinctively elliptically shaped (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76B94FCCFDF0EFCF1" box="[505,638,772,797]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 79, 81</figureCitation>
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). Valve mantle is high with a distinct constriction near the margin (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76F13FCCFDDD7FCAD" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
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). Intercalary setae are long and rigid; originate from the valve apices and immediately cross each other at the chain margin without the basal part. In girdle view they are usually proximally perpendicular towards the chain axis and distally curved (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76B51FCBBDCE0FC65" box="[316,400,880,905]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
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). Terminal setae are usually characteristically oriented, long and straight, extending parallel to the chain axis and sometimes crossing each other distally (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76975FC5FDE1DFC41" box="[792,877,916,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AD0FC73DECAFBD1" blockId="19.[136,1452,664,1193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AD0FC73DD84FC3D" bold="true" box="[189,244,952,977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">EM:</emphasis>
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—The valve face is ornamented with numerous small spines which are more pronounced in terminal valves (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76AFDFC17DD96FC19" box="[144,230,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
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). The marginal ridge has a distinct hyaline rim (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76967FC17DE10FC19" box="[778,864,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
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). A rimoportula, bearing an external short, flattened and wide tube, is present only in terminal valves (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF768A8FBCBDE6BFBF5" box="[709,795,1024,1049]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
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). Setae are quadrangular in cross-section, perforated with longitudinal rows of small slit-shaped poroids and small spines (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76937FBEFDEDEFBD1" box="[858,942,1060,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–82" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1667,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[151,1436,190,1642]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700788/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AD0FB83D9A3FB45" blockId="19.[136,1452,664,1193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AD0FB83DCC2FB8D" bold="true" box="[189,434,1096,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distinctive features:</emphasis>
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—Valve mantle markedly constricted near the advalvar margin, observable in LM as a marked constriction near the girdle. Intercalary setae long, straight and rigid, terminal setae extending parallel to the chain axis sometimes distally crossing each other. Valve face ornamented with many small spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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