<documentid="0F16BC80B929374F7AFBB1440FEE2F2C"ID-CLB-Dataset="21162"ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1009514"ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c6c97a7-1c63-41ba-b75a-217ce1a3411d"ID-ISSN="1464-5262"ID-Zenodo-Dep="3997986"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana"IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana"checkinTime="1598292250840"checkinUser="carolina"docAuthor="Rota, Emilia"docDate="2015"docId="039AAD67FFFE4513FE2BFC37FC420A5E"docLanguage="en"docName="JNATHIST.49.33-34.1987-2020.pdf"docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (33)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover"docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F"docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover"docStyleVersion="6"docTitle="Fridericia bulbosa, sensu stricto"docType="treatment"docVersion="11"lastPageNumber="2014"masterDocId="FFA3D51FFFE84508FF92FFAFFFB6091F"masterDocTitle="Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores"masterLastPageNumber="2020"masterPageNumber="1987"pageNumber="2009"updateTime="1728498831906"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="0A9B11968553E534B9DABB668166CD6B">Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFFE451EFDC2FC17FD060ACF"box="[592,688,952,976]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009">Figure 8</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="C6B129CAFFFE451EFD53FC17FCA10ACF"box="[705,791,952,976]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="24.[144,202,477,499]"captionTargetPageId="24"captionText="Table 2. Key morphological characters distinguishing Fridericia rara sp. nov. from F. bulbosa sensu stricto, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"tableUuid="DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31">Table 2</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C3367F2FFFE451EFF46FC57FD060D0F"ID-CoL="85VXD"authority="Rosa, 1887, p. 2"authorityName="Rosa"authorityPageNumber="2"authorityYear="1887"box="[212,688,1016,1040]"class="Clitellata"family="Enchytraeidae"genus="Neoenchytraeus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enchytraeida"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="bulbosus">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFFE451EFC81FBB6FC220D2F"author="Rota E"box="[787,916,1048,1072]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"pagination="183 - 231"refId="ref16775"refString="Rota E. 1995. Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I. Boll Zool. 62: 183 - 231."type="journal article"year="1995">Rota 1995</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 204–205;
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFFE451EFBC9FBB6FEDB0D4F"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Monaci F & Baldantoni D & De Nicola & Iovieno P & Bargagli R"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"pagination="268 - 276"refId="ref16835"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Monaci F, Baldantoni D, De Nicola F, Iovieno P, Bargagli R. 2013. Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands. Environ Poll. 179: 268 - 276."type="journal article"year="2013">Rota et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, table 1 and figure 3 (species ‘s18’);
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFFE451EFC88FB96FC610D4F"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Bargagli R"box="[794,983,1080,1104]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"pagination="83 - 91"refId="ref16797"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Bargagli R. 2014. Community structure, diversity and spatial organization of enchytraeids in Mediterranean urban holm oak stands. Eur J Soil Biol. 62: 83 - 91."type="journal article"year="2014">Rota et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<collectingRegionid="49F7D293FFFE451EFDE7FB70FC080DE9"box="[629,958,1246,1271]"isEnumeration="true"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009">Tuscany, Calabria and Sicily</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFFE451EFC5DFB71FBF00DE9"author="Rota E"box="[975,1094,1246,1270]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"pagination="183 - 231"refId="ref16775"refString="Rota E. 1995. Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I. Boll Zool. 62: 183 - 231."type="journal article"year="1995">Rota 1995</bibRefCitation>
<specimenCodeid="DB95B40AFFFE451EFECDFAB1FECA0C29"box="[351,380,1310,1334]"collectionCode="S"country="Sweden"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668"name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"type="Herbarium">S1</specimenCode>
<dateid="FF8D3AB1FFFE451EFE18FAB1FD0F0C29"box="[394,697,1310,1334]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"value="2009-04-24"valueMax="2009-11-05">24.04.2009 and 05.11.2009</date>
<dateid="FF8D3AB1FFFE451EFE35FA92FD5A0C4A"box="[423,748,1341,1365]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"value="2009-04-24"valueMax="2009-11-05">24.04.2009 and 05.11.2009</date>
<dateid="FF8D3AB1FFFE451EFDDDFAF2FC360C6A"box="[591,896,1373,1397]"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"value="2009-05-13"valueMax="2009-10-26">13.05.2009 and 26.10.2009</date>
<collectionCodeid="ED2284B4FFFE451EFC8BFA4BFC990CE4"box="[793,815,1508,1531]"country="Canada"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946"name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<tableCitationid="C6B129CAFFFE451EFCA8F98CFC390F24"box="[826,911,1571,1595]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="24.[144,202,477,499]"captionTargetPageId="24"captionText="Table 2. Key morphological characters distinguishing Fridericia rara sp. nov. from F. bulbosa sensu stricto, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009"tableUuid="DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Prostomium dorsally depressed in front of head pore (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFFE451EFDDFF9ECFD530F44"box="[589,741,1603,1627]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009">Figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
). Epidermal gland cells large, rectangular, in 3–5 rows, only some complete (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFFE451EFD36F9CCFCA30F64"box="[676,789,1635,1659]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009">Figure 8F</figureCitation>
). Clitellar gland cells (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFFE451EFB8BF9CCFEB90F84"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="2009">Figure 8C, D, G</figureCitation>
) arranged in a chequered pattern (in fixed specimens the hyaline cells dominate in size and number) except in some ventral areas: between and before male pores, where glands are completely absent, and in posterior ventral part of XII where a field of granular cells occurs. Subneural glands on nerve cord absent. Male slits longitudinal (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FF6AFEA7FED8083F"box="[248,366,264,288]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8G</figureCitation>
. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top.
, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material.
<tdid="76D2774FFFF0BAF7FD16FCB0FC6D0A2D"box="[644,987,799,818]"gridcol="2"gridrow="7"pageId="24"pageNumber="2011">regular rows, ventr. absent between ♂</td>
<tdid="76D2774FFFF0BAF7FC78FCB0FABC0A2D"box="[1002,1290,799,818]"gridcol="3"gridrow="7"pageId="24"pageNumber="2011">regular rows, absent between ♂</td>
<tdid="76D2774FFFF0BAF7FAA9FCB0F9ED0A2D"box="[1339,1627,799,818]"gridcol="4"gridrow="7"pageId="24"pageNumber="2011">regular rows, absent between ♂</td>
Chaetal formula 2÷4 – 2: 2÷4 – (4,3),2. Behind the clitellum, lateral bundles are generally all bisetose, whereas ventral bundles become bisetose starting from XV–XVII. Size of chaetae in preclitellar lateral bundles one fourth smaller than in ventral ones (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FF40FE28FEF70880"box="[210,321,391,415]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
) (e.g. in urban populations in Siena and Naples, measuring 24–32 μm in lateral bundles and 29–42 μm in ventral bundles, thickness 2–2.5 μm). Postclitellar chaetae, both lateral and ventral, beginning with minimal sizes in segments XIII–XVII (in urban populations: 26–30 μm long, 2.5 μm thick), then gradually increasing to reach an identical maximum in caudal segments (in urban populations: 40–42 μm long, 3–3.5 μm thick).
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FDC4FDE8FD780B40"box="[598,718,583,607]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
). Pharyngeal glands (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FC42FDE8FBF10B40"box="[976,1095,583,607]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8A</figureCitation>
) dorsally merging at 4/5 (widely) and 5/6 (narrowly), dorsally free at 6/7; ventral lobes small in IV, middle-sized in
<collectionCodeid="ED2284B4FFF14511FE5EFD28FE540B81"box="[460,482,647,670]"country="Canada"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946"name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012"type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
, as large as dorsal lobes in
<collectionCodeid="ED2284B4FFF14511FC84FD28FC810B81"box="[790,823,647,670]"country="Norway"name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">VI</collectionCode>
. Five pairs of preclitellar nephridia (6/7–10/11), efferent ducts originating posteroventrally.
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FEE3FD69FE540BC1"box="[369,482,710,734]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8I</figureCitation>
), 32–40 μm long, anucleated small (4–9 μm). Chloragogen cells yellow-gold or yellow-green. Chylus cells in XIII–XIV, XIII–XV or XIV–XV with long intracellular canals (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FC5FFCA9FBF60A01"box="[973,1088,774,798]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8E</figureCitation>
). Ventral intestinal ridge poorly discerned, in one specimen seen in XXII–XXVII. Dorsal blood vessel from XVI–XVII, with four paired lateral commissures to ventral vessel, first two pairs (in
Sperm funnels barrel-shaped, l:w = 2.5:1, in live urban specimens: 75–100 μm long and 43–50 μm wide, collar 2/3 as wide as funnel, covered with long spermatozoa (heads 75 μm long, tails about 100 μm in Naples worms), vas deferens 5–7.5 μm thick (narrower in distal course). Penial bulb oval, soft, 50–80 μm long after fixation. Ovary bush-like (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FECEFBAAFE640D02"box="[348,466,1029,1053]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8C</figureCitation>
). One egg mature at a time. Spermathecal ectal ducts (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FF0AFB8AFEBB0D22"box="[152,269,1061,1085]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
), each with an inconspicuous to small (13–23 μm long), sessile ectal gland; ampullae small and bulb-shaped, 30–32 μm across, containing a circle of sperm, attached close or jointly to one side of gut (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFF14511FF77FB2BFEED0D83"box="[229,347,1156,1180]"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="23.[144,211,1350,1372]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,173,1318]"captionTargetId="figure@23.[144,1104,168,1318]"captionTargetPageId="23"captionText="Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998002"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998002/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="2012">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
, segments 32–42); (ii) chessboard-like clitellum, made of large, irregularly squared, granular cells (‘areole’) on a smooth background (i.e. against the hyaline cells), the latter, however, becoming dominant by size after fixation; (iii) chaetae in bundles of four or three in the anterior half of the body, in couples in the posterior region, the ventral chaetae being longer than the dorsal; (iv) peptonephridia elongate, thin-walled, poorly branched, generally just bifurcated, likened for their simplicity to those illustrated by Vejdovský for
; (v) dorsal vessel originating in XVI–XVIII, with the first two lateral commissures originating from a common root; (vi) spermathecal ampullae bulb-shaped, adiverticulate, with ental portion elongate and firm, and ectal duct long and devoid of glands; (vii) nephridia with subterminal efferent ducts; (viii) coelomocytes medium-sized.
has been diagnosed in the absence of an adequate correspondence with Rosa’ s description as detailed above, the species identification being rather based mostly on the possession of adiverticulate, bulbshaped spermathecal ampullae. This resulted in an accumulation of records worldwide and an overrating of intraspecific variation (in 1929 Ude allowed
up to six chaetae per bundle and as many as 70 segments).
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF24512FCE8FE28FEAD08A0"author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"pagination="1 - 160"refId="ref16681"refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutl. 8 - 9: 1 - 160."type="journal article"year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
were the first to suspect that the species might have lost its genuine identity, but were inclined to believe that Rosa’ s account concerned a mixture of species or that some characters varied geographically, rather than to accept that Rosa’ s (1887) original account, taken in its entirety, unequivocally matched a taxon occurring in
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF24512FEFFFD29FE470B81"author="Rota E"box="[365,497,646,670]"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"pagination="183 - 231"refId="ref16775"refString="Rota E. 1995. Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I. Boll Zool. 62: 183 - 231."type="journal article"year="1995">Rota 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Thanks to a recent high-intensity sampling (
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF24512FBC8FD29FEFC0BA1"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Monaci F & Baldantoni D & De Nicola & Iovieno P & Bargagli R"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"pagination="268 - 276"refId="ref16835"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Monaci F, Baldantoni D, De Nicola F, Iovieno P, Bargagli R. 2013. Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands. Environ Poll. 179: 268 - 276."type="journal article"year="2013">Rota et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF24512FECBFD09FE380BA1"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Bargagli R"box="[345,398,678,702]"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"pagination="83 - 91"refId="ref16797"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Bargagli R. 2014. Community structure, diversity and spatial organization of enchytraeids in Mediterranean urban holm oak stands. Eur J Soil Biol. 62: 83 - 91."type="journal article"year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
), I could go more in depth and examine the intra- and interpopulation variation on a regional scale (see
<tableCitationid="C6B129CAFFF24512FD15FD69FD6B0BC1"box="[647,733,710,734]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="24.[144,202,477,499]"captionTargetPageId="24"captionText="Table 2. Key morphological characters distinguishing Fridericia rara sp. nov. from F. bulbosa sensu stricto, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"tableUuid="DF4C4CF9FFF04510FF02FE72FD050B31">Table 2</tableCitation>
The same account is sufficiently detailed to exclude all the European adiverticulate species that (while yet undescribed) at one stage or another may have been included in
<taxonomicNameid="4C3367F2FFF24512FD21FBA9FC8D0D02"authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen"authorityYear="1959"box="[691,827,1029,1053]"class="Clitellata"family="Enchytraeidae"genus="Fridericia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enchytraeida"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="bulboides">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF24512FCEDFBCAFEAC0D82"author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B"pageId="26"pageNumber="2013"pagination="1 - 160"refId="ref16681"refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutl. 8 - 9: 1 - 160."type="journal article"year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and other authors’ statements that a clear conception of its morphology has never existed appears incorrect, and Schmelz’ s (2003) proposal to consider
As concerns the presence of spermathecal ectal glands and the shape of peptonephridia, conflicting interpretations can be reconciled if early descriptions are understood in the appropriate historical context: in 1887, still few enchytraeid species were known to possess dorsal pores and multiple chaetae growing pairwise in a bundle (that group would be allocated by Michaelsen to
these glands range from small to a simple thickening of the distal end of the spermathecal duct, and may have been easily overlooked. Likewise, Vejdovsky’ s (1879b) drawing of a peptonephridium in
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FEEDFF07FDAB09DF"author="Schmelz RM"box="[383,541,168,192]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="1 - 415"refId="ref17019"refString="Schmelz RM. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abh Naturwiss Ver Hamburg (N. F.). 38: 1 - 415."type="journal article"year="2003">Schmelz 2003</bibRefCitation>
) is questionable. In fact, it all depends on the length of branches. The same
species with short peptonephridia can vary between having peptonephridia unbranched or with few stump-like terminal branches. Among species of similar body size to
having these organs either unbranched, or occasionally with 2–3 terminal stump-like branches (
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FE1BFEE7FD9F087F"author="Schmelz RM"box="[393,553,328,352]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="1 - 415"refId="ref17019"refString="Schmelz RM. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abh Naturwiss Ver Hamburg (N. F.). 38: 1 - 415."type="journal article"year="2003">Schmelz 2003</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FECBFEC8FDBF0860"author="Schmelz RM"box="[345,521,359,383]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="1 - 415"refId="ref17019"refString="Schmelz RM. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abh Naturwiss Ver Hamburg (N. F.). 38: 1 - 415."type="journal article"year="2003">Schmelz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
detected a terminal bifurcation in an Irish specimen. In
, the short peptonephridia are either unbranched or shortly bifurcated distally. (For the authorities of species mentioned in the above remarks, see
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FF29FE67FE8508C0"author="Rota E"box="[187,307,455,479]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="183 - 231"refId="ref16775"refString="Rota E. 1995. Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I. Boll Zool. 62: 183 - 231."type="journal article"year="1995">Rota 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FED7FE68FE5708C0"author="Schmelz RM"box="[325,481,455,479]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="1 - 415"refId="ref17019"refString="Schmelz RM. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abh Naturwiss Ver Hamburg (N. F.). 38: 1 - 415."type="journal article"year="2003">Schmelz 2003</bibRefCitation>
remains to be ascertained. In any case, the species appears very selective in its habitat, being exclusive of oak woods and meadows on limestone (
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FEBDFD25FE130BBD"author="Rota E"box="[303,421,650,674]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="183 - 231"refId="ref16775"refString="Rota E. 1995. Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I. Boll Zool. 62: 183 - 231."type="journal article"year="1995">Rota 1995</bibRefCitation>
). During my survey of urban holm oak stands in Siena and Naples (
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FF7CFD06FE120BDE"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Monaci F & Baldantoni D & De Nicola & Iovieno P & Bargagli R"box="[238,420,681,705]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="268 - 276"refId="ref16835"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Monaci F, Baldantoni D, De Nicola F, Iovieno P, Bargagli R. 2013. Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands. Environ Poll. 179: 268 - 276."type="journal article"year="2013">Rota et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FE26FD06FE5E0BDE"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Bargagli R"box="[436,488,681,705]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="83 - 91"refId="ref16797"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Bargagli R. 2014. Community structure, diversity and spatial organization of enchytraeids in Mediterranean urban holm oak stands. Eur J Soil Biol. 62: 83 - 91."type="journal article"year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
), it showed peaks of abundance in samples from Villa Patrizia (plot S1) and Belcaro, where the soil was characterized by heavy carbonate precipitation (either as a horizontal accumulation layer or as nodular concretions). In Naples it was found in Capodimonte (plots N1 and N3), whereas it appeared absent from Astroni (N4), a site with subacidic soils and poor in calcium (
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFF34513FCA1FC86FC520A5E"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Monaci F & Baldantoni D & De Nicola & Iovieno P & Bargagli R"box="[819,996,809,833]"pageId="27"pageNumber="2014"pagination="268 - 276"refId="ref16835"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Monaci F, Baldantoni D, De Nicola F, Iovieno P, Bargagli R. 2013. Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands. Environ Poll. 179: 268 - 276."type="journal article"year="2013">Rota et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
