248 lines
34 KiB
XML
248 lines
34 KiB
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<mods:titleInfo id="F554765E148CF61E01CCD90048E92328">
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<mods:title id="CA3E59F8837EDFEF45DDE6AEDE488307">Dasyuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98777C45F89440F08035C966BE4A68CC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF7D93639B4C99C2F3E20F1BA49526A2">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="297815830FA84240FFE169D84B11B3BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F437B9479E481C938F4D8D73C67B5F42">2015</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="3C55F6D72B352213A87B6EC7BBE1EF26" type="pubDate">2015-06-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="95165D7631FA56D42591D65E9A0DF20B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="E57F906CD4F0E0FD49D2D8AAE5344ABC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="B14224F95E14CA13E17394E424BA900F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="86107A48CF52D00BC87E625E868C992C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6608102</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6602861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195729039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6602861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC1FE480FD40083" box="[98,156,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC1FE480FD40083" blockId="50.[97,1239,440,566]" box="[98,156,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="392E81BBFF9B2476FFC1FE480FD40083" box="[98,156,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<figureCitation id="FAE22A52FF9B2476FFC1FE480FD40083" box="[98,156,441,487]" captionStart="Plate 19: Dasyuridae" captionStartId="50.[103,133,3338,3363]" captionTargetBox="[7,2730,11,3640]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="56. Kangaroo Island Dunnart (Sminthopsis aitken), 57. Chestnut Dunnart (Sminthopsis archer), 58. Kakadu Dunnart (Sminthopsis bindi), 59. Butler's Dunnart (Sminthopsis butleri), 60. Fat-tailed Dunnart (Smunthopsis crassicaudata), 61. Little Long-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis dolichura), 62. Julia Creek Dunnart (Smunthopsis douglasi), 63. Gilbert's Dunnart (Sminthopsis gilbert), 64. White-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis granulipes), 65. Grey-bellied Dunnart (Sminthopsis griseoventer), 66. Greater Hairy-footed Dunnart (Smunthopsis hirtipes), 67. White-footed Dunnart (Sminthopsis leucopus), 68. Greater Long-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis longicaudata), 69. Stripe-faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura), 70. Common Dunnart (Sminthopsis murina), 71. Ooldea Dunnart (Sminthopsis ooldea), 72. Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), 73. Red-cheeked Dunnart (Sminthopsis virginiae), 74. Lesser Hairy-footed Dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6608330/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">56.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FF0EFE480D8F0083" box="[173,711,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FF0EFE480D8F0083" blockId="50.[97,1239,440,566]" box="[173,711,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="392E81BBFF9B2476FF0EFE480D8F0083" box="[173,711,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<vernacularName id="ECDA46F9FF9B2476FF0EFE480D8F0083" box="[173,711,441,487]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Kangaroo Island Dunnart</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FD59FE490B2F0082" box="[762,1127,440,486]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FD59FE490B2F0082" blockId="50.[97,1239,440,566]" box="[762,1127,440,486]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="392E81BBFF9B2476FD59FE490B2F0082" box="[762,1127,440,486]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FD59FE490B2F0082" ID-CoL="4XWYZ" authority="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[762,1127,440,486]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitkeni">
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FD59FE490B2F0082" box="[762,1127,440,486]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Sminthopsis aitken</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC1FE090EBB0351" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC1FE090B9D0369" blockId="50.[97,1239,440,566]" box="[98,1237,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="392E81BBFF9B2476FFC1FE090B9D0369" box="[98,1237,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC1FE090FE60369" bold="true" box="[98,174,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="ECDA46F9FF9B2476FF1BFE090EC40369" box="[184,396,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Dunnart de Kangaroo</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FE03FE090EB20369" bold="true" box="[416,506,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="ECDA46F9FF9B2476FDA1FE090C7D0369" box="[514,821,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Aitkens Schmalful3beutelmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FCE9FE090CEE0369" bold="true" box="[842,934,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="ECDA46F9FF9B2476FC13FE090B9D0369" box="[944,1237,504,525]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Raton marsupial de Kangaroo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC1FDD10EBB0351" blockId="50.[97,1239,440,566]" box="[98,499,544,565]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="392E81BBFF9B2476FFC1FDD10EBB0351" box="[98,499,544,565]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC1FDD10E110351" bold="true" box="[98,345,544,565]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="ECDA46F9FF9B2476FEC0FDD10EBB0351" box="[355,499,544,565]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Sooty Dunnart</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FD65FD930B6D03CF" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FD65FD930B6D03CF" blockId="50.[709,1303,610,1037]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FD65FD930C2903E7" bold="true" box="[710,865,610,643]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FCD4FD930B6903CF" ID-CoL="4XWYZ" authority="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitkeni">Sminthopsis aitkeni Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FB97FD7F0C00039D" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FB97FD7F0C00039D" blockId="50.[709,1303,610,1037]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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<materialsCitation id="D2B13C8AFF9B2476FB97FD7F0C00039D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802852346" country="Australia" location="Section 46" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
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<location id="6706600CFF9B2476FB97FD7F0B8303CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E:6706600CFF9B2476FB97FD7F0B8303CF" box="[1076,1227,654,683]" country="Australia" name="Section 46" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" stateProvince="South Australia">Section 46</location>
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,
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<location id="6706600CFF9B2476FB7CFD7F0DB103B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E:6706600CFF9B2476FB7CFD7F0DB103B6" country="Australia" name="Cassini" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" stateProvince="South Australia">Cassini</location>
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,
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<location id="6706600CFF9B2476FCB5FD440B4403B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA7087C1FF9B2476FFC1FE4809B3079E:6706600CFF9B2476FCB5FD440B4403B6" box="[790,1036,693,722]" country="Australia" name="Kangaroo Island" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" stateProvince="South Australia">Kangaroo Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A01DF835FF9B2476FB89FD440A5803B6" box="[1066,1296,693,722]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="1ACE7647FF9B2476FD66FD290C0C039D" box="[709,836,728,761]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FD64FCF90D0E082E" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FD64FCF90D0E082E" blockId="50.[709,1303,610,1037]" lastBlockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
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In 1888, O. Thomas noted that smaller species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FBBEFCD60BFC022C" box="[1053,1204,807,840]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
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(dunnarts) are unusually difficult to discriminate because of close resemblance between skulls and teeth of different species. This was acknowledged in later work; in 1981, M. Archer not only heralded twelve species of dunnart but drew attention to several discrete populations and the fact that most recognized species exhibited geographical variations that might constitute different species. Subsequent electrophoretic and direct DNA studies supported his general contention.
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FEF3FB7A0EAF05C8" box="[336,487,1163,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
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is the most speciose genus (currently 19 species) ofliving dasyurid marsupials, and along with its close relatives
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FCFBFB430B4005B7" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1867" box="[856,1032,1202,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antechinomys</taxonomicName>
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(one species), Ningawi (three species), and
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE77FB280D06059E" box="[468,590,1241,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Planigale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Planigale</taxonomicName>
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(five species) constitutes the clade Sminthopsini. Phylogenetic relationships among species in the
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC84FAF00CB10446" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1982" box="[807,1017,1281,1314]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="340" rank="tribe" tribe="Sminthopsinae">Sminthopsinae</taxonomicName>
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have been the subject of numerous morphological and molecular investigations. Genetic phylogenies (several mitochondrial and nuclear genes) have failed to support monophyly of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FF67FA860E1304FC" box="[196,347,1399,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
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with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDEBFA860DB004FC" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1867" box="[584,760,1399,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antechinomys</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FCE6FA860CFA04FC" box="[837,946,1399,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Ningaui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ningaui</taxonomicName>
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. In a recent study, there were three deeply divergent clades of
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDD8FA6E0C5B04A4" box="[635,787,1439,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
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. In the first, S.
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<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC48FA6E0BD804A4" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1003,1168,1439,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Murexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">longicaudata</taxonomicName>
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was sister to A.
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|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FF0CFA370E400483" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[175,264,1478,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">laniger</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(an alliance also obtained from previous morphological analyses, in which there was good reason to include
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDF7FA1C0C4C076A" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1867" box="[596,772,1517,1550]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antechinomys</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FCD7FA1C0B43076A" box="[884,1035,1517,1550]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and also to link it with S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FF6DF9E40E310752" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[206,377,1557,1590]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Murexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">longicaudata</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). The second clade was composed of the traditional morphologically based
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FEABF9CD0ED90739" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[264,401,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macroura">Macroura</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Group: five
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDEAF9CD0DA80739" box="[585,736,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
formed a strongly supported clade that included S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FEAFF9950EF107E1" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[268,441,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudata">crassicaudata</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE48F9950D6407E1" authorityName="Van Dyck, Woinarski & Press" authorityYear="1994" box="[491,556,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bindi">bindi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDFCF9950D9F07E1" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[607,727,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macroura">macroura</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FCAAF9950C3B07E1" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1979" box="[777,883,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglasi">douglasi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC40F9950B1C07E1" baseAuthorityName="de Tarragon" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[995,1108,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virginiae">virginiae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. This clade of five dunnarts wasitself a poorly supported sister to the three species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FBE6F97A0BF907C8" box="[1093,1201,1675,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Ningaui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ningaui</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(N.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FB4CF97A0F3107B7" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Ningaui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridei">ridei</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FF2AF9430E5707B7" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1975" box="[137,287,1714,1747]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Ningaui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timealeyi">N. timealeyi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and N. yvonneae). This combined clade of the five
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC52F9430BC007B7" box="[1009,1160,1714,1747]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sminthopsis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and three
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FFC6F92B0F99079F" box="[101,209,1754,1787]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Ningaui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ningaui</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was positioned as a poorly supported sister to a well-supported clade containing the remainder of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE36F8F00DDD0646" box="[405,661,1793,1826]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Sminthopsis species</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(13 species in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC3CF8F00B4F0646" box="[927,1031,1793,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">Murina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Group). This large dunnart clade contained a well-supported sister pairing of S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC6AF8D80B57062E" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[969,1055,1833,1866]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitkeni">aitkeni</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FB2BF8D80A54062E" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[1160,1308,1833,1866]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseoventer">griseoventer</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
for all genes used in the analysis. There are clearly many genetic and morphological similarities between S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE04F8860EB506FC" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[423,509,1911,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitkeni">aitkeni</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FDC6F8860DB006FC" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[613,760,1911,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseoventer">griseoventer</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; indeed, some workers have suggested that the two might be conspecific, in which case one of the two (both raised in the same paper by D. J. Kitchener and colleagues in 1984) would need to be subsumed. In April and June 1969, a domestic dog caught two male dunnarts escaping from the base of a recently felled grasstree (Xanthorrhoea semiplana) in low shrub and woodland (mallee) heath, north-central region, Kangaroo Island. These sooty-colored dunnarts were sent to the South Australian Museum, where then Curator of Mammals, P. Aitken, identified them as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE19F77A0D7409C8" box="[442,572,2187,2220]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">S. murina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, formally noting they represented a new record for Kangaroo Island. In 1984, a numberof distinct forms in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC6BF7420B0209B0" box="[968,1098,2227,2260]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">S. murina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
complex were formally described by Kitchener and colleagues based on morphology, and all these Kangaroo Island specimens were then assigned as a new species,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC50F6F30B220847" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[1011,1130,2306,2339]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitkeni">S. aitkeni</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in honor of their original founder. Monotypic.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC6F6A10DE50815" box="[101,685,2384,2417]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="36A6665FFF9B2476FFC6F6A10DE50815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608270" box="[101,685,2384,2417]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6608270/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[95,687,618,1032]" targetPageId="50">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC6F6A10DE50815" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" box="[101,685,2384,2417]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC6F6A10E5D0815" bold="true" box="[101,277,2384,2417]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kangaroo I, South Australia.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC6F6890C6D0BC9" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC6F6890C6D0BC9" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC6F6890E2D08FD" bold="true" box="[101,357,2424,2457]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Head-body 8:4.9-3 cm (males) and 7.2-8.2 cm (females), tail 9-10.6 cm (males) and 8:6.9-4 cm (females); weight 20-25 g (males) and 10-15 g (females). There is sexual dimorphism for size. The Kangaroo Island Dunnart has a dark, sooty coat above and pale gray belly. Snout is slender and pointed; tail is always longer than head-body length and never incrassated (fat) at base. Kangaroo Island Dunnarts can be distinguished from the Common Dunnart (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FC77F5B00B110B3A" box="[980,1113,2625,2654]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">S. murina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and the Little Long-tailed Dunnart (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5D94D54FF9B2476FE71F5950D270BE1" authorityName="Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry" authorityYear="1984" box="[466,623,2660,2693]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Sminthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dolichura">S. dolichura</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) by blackish rather than brown dorsal fur, gray rather than white belly, and a relatively longertail.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC6F5420FBC0A47" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC6F5420FBC0A47" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC6F5420F9C0BB0" bold="true" box="[101,212,2739,2772]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Variety of mallee heath vegetation types on lateritic and sandy soils from sea level to elevations of 270 m. The Kangaroo Island Dunnart appears to be a habitat generalist.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC5F4D80C070A16" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="food_feeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC5F4D80C070A16" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC5F4D80E3E0A2E" bold="true" box="[102,374,2857,2890]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kangaroo Island Dunnarts predominantly feed on spiders and ants, with beetles and scorpions taken less frequently.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC5F4860E390A8C" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="breeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC5F4860E390A8C" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC5F4860FA40AFC" bold="true" box="[102,236,2935,2968]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The Kangaroo Island Dunnart appears to be polyestrous, mating in late September and then again in late December, butlittle is known about its specific reproductive biology.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC7F4030B460D6B" box="[100,1038,3058,3087]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC7F4030B460D6B" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" box="[100,1038,3058,3087]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC7F4030E180D6B" bold="true" box="[100,336,3058,3087]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
There is no information available for this species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC5F3E40BE30D3A" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC5F3E40BE30D3A" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC5F3E40C6E0D52" bold="true" box="[102,806,3093,3126]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Radio tracking of a few individuals revealed that males moved 290-380 m nightly and females moved 170-180 m.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FFC4F39909240738" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FFC4F39909240738" blockId="50.[93,1308,1044,3244]" lastBlockId="50.[1372,2582,293,1788]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FFC4F3990E870DE1" bold="true" box="[103,463,3176,3205]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Listed as endangered in Australia. The Kangaroo Island Dunnart is thought to occur in less than 100 km?There is continuing decline in its distribution, quality of its habitat, number of known locations, and number of mature individuals on Kangaroo Island. Since its original discovery, the Kangaroo Island Dunnart has proven very elusive. In more than 17,000 pitfall and 20,000 cage-trap nights on Kangaroo Island, it was captured only 32 times. The Kangaroo Island Dunnart is known to have once occupied a wider area on Kangaroo Island, but it has not been found outside one small area since before 1991, despite extensive survey work; old records are from habitat that appears to be no longer suitable. All captures since 1990 have come from Flinders Chase National Park on the western end of Kangaroo Island. Earlier records of Kangaroo Island Dunnarts indicate they were at the eastern end of the island, but they likely are no longer present there due to habitat modification. Prior to the most recent detailed surveys, Kangaroo Island Dunnarts were known from only seven specimens and three other records. An additional 22 records were obtained in 2000-2001 when the last surveys were undertaken, using a full range of survey techniques (particularly pitfall traps that are known to be superior to Elliott traps for catching most species of dunnarts). Researchers have estimated the total population of Kangaroo Island Dunnarts to be less than 500 individuals. Kangaroo Island Dunnarts are known from six trapping sites, but these should essentially be treated as one location because they would all be vulnerable to a potential single catastrophic event and may represent a single population. Wildfires are the greatest potential threat facing Kangaroo Island Dunnarts. Inappropriate fire management exacerbates the potential for an extensive, hotfire that could kill all Kangaroo Island Dunnarts. Another threat is Phytophthora cinnamomi, a water mold (Oomycete) that is destroying many heath-dependent species in the area; it has caused general changes in habitat structure that probably negatively affect the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. Introduced domestic cats may also affect Kangaroo Island Dunnarts, although their impact is not well understood. On the eastern end of Kangaroo Island,livestock grazing, weeds, and other fragmentation processes, such as land clearing for agriculture, have degraded preferred habitats. A recovery plan lists the following six actions as being required for sustainable management of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart: site protection and management of known populations, clarification of distribution and threatening processes, investigation of ecology and biology, increase in community awareness, establishment of a captive colony, and recovery planning. These actions are being pursued.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AC3655CFF9B2476FAC3F99E09B3079E" pageId="50" pageNumber="335" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="626636D7FF9B2476FAC3F99E09B3079E" blockId="50.[1372,2582,293,1788]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="50ADEAC5FF9B2476FAC3F99E0AB107E0" bold="true" box="[1376,1529,1647,1668]" pageId="50" pageNumber="335">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Aitken (1972), Archer (1981a), Baverstock et al. (1984), Blacket, Adams et al. (2001), Blacket, Cooper et al. (2006), Gates (2001a, 2001b), Herbert (1996), Kemper et al. (2011), Kitchener et al. (1984), Krajewski et al. (2012), Robinson (2008), Robinson & Armstrong (1999), Thomas (1888b), Van Dyck et al. (1994), van Weenen (2008), Woolley et al. (2007).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|