185 lines
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185 lines
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<document id="7D07D2649F64AF1A60715A59CEBE0D7F" ID-CLB-Dataset="222436" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5223.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f19c5754-1a7b-4f9e-bdd8-70cc4bf3d1e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7517957" ID-ZooBank="2AF3B77E-408A-4104-A058-108101993EBC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1673307560985" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schiesari, Luis, Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira, Menin, Marcelo & Hödl, Walter" docDate="2022" docId="B31987BBFF9DFFB6E0D054FB8E70FC15" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5223.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5223 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5223.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptodactylus rhodomystax" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="4F20FFC3FFC1FFEBE047522D8D27FFDC" masterDocTitle="Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1699473481772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="6594BCD42B32ACF64F91CA110DA32F89" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="39A11FD798D5959C53B81FDA7EE04272">
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<mods:title id="A1AC8C7AD67158758A599B0B92642F57">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AD6673B784A2B4F00A44226FA689287">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="81BB18715095973A4B5AF4B58EEF1DF8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0814-591X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00716DE8B77FB87482550DEF17097544" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E378BF6B979CDDFAECD109B4BC0DDC20">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F4A55576CBA830D48DF3AE04BE00019" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4537-9064</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="62FE9580915053F4360BAC5FDEF849D0" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AA480DDC36E0F1D4E6F63CCF99788407">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DF1C2393B3CDA0487F29ECEC151A57D9" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7209-5083</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="83B0C7F12DC8B62C93B7893B0E92FB99">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCEC05730A03AD97A3FA8505145F7FD1" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C88711410A1DA0E21C8B737A013EE58C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="00E20C299E12506E354E67D6D0CCF2CF">
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<mods:date id="40DB5CDC608EEAE81546C4EFD7357777">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A18C93C65F13915B4EE057002C45E6F9">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DC6C3DC7018AB5FC854584E2945A8FA7">5223</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF9DFFB6E0D054FB8E70FC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7525573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7525573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF9DFFB6E0D054FB8E70FC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF9DFFB6E0D054FB8E70FC15" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9DFFB7E0D054FB8CF4F92D" box="[151,467,1750,1777]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9DFFB7E0D054FB8CF4F92D" blockId="92.[151,1437,1750,2029]" box="[151,467,1750,1777]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="604781C1FF9DFFB7E0D054FB8CF4F92D" bold="true" box="[151,467,1750,1777]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E0D054FB8CF4F92D" ID-CoL="3TN7F" ID-ENA="326588" box="[151,467,1750,1777]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E0D054FB8CF4F92D" bold="true" box="[151,467,1750,1777]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Leptodactylus rhodomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9DFFB6E08054D78EDFFD2D" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9DFFB6E08054D78FB4FEB9" blockId="92.[151,1437,1750,2029]" lastBlockId="93.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E08054D78CEBF8C8" bold="true" box="[199,460,1786,1812]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on five tadpoles at Stage 37 (INPA-H 15850). Total length 50.7 ±
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF9DFFB7E53E54D78DE4F8E5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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(N = 5). Body elongate oval in dorsal view and globular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF9DFFB7E421553389CAF8E4" box="[1126,1261,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[199,1414,1001,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-384@93.[173,1414,993,1956]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 60. Tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (LCS 483) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518136/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 60A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout sloping in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes small, dorsally positioned and dorsolaterally directed. Nostrils small, oval, dorsolaterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF9DFFB7E14D55A78C49F878" box="[266,366,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[199,1414,1001,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-384@93.[173,1414,993,1956]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 60. Tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (LCS 483) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518136/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 60C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, non-emarginate; marginal papillae conical, uniseriate and alternate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally and lateroventrally. LTRF 2(2)/3; A1 and A2 of the same length; P1, P2 and P3 nearly the same length. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. As typical to tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9CFFB6E4D452F2886AFF25" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[1171,1357,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentadactylus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E4D452F2886AFF25" box="[1171,1357,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">L. pentadactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, tail long, corresponding to about 66% of total length; caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow, originating at the tail-body junction, convex; ventral fin shallow, convex. Tail tip pointed. Lateral lines visible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9CFFB6E08053438CC1FE0D" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E08053438C07FE54" bold="true" box="[199,288,366,392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature dark brown; venter lighter; fins transparent pale black (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E0D853BE8CBBFE71" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[159,412,403,429]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E15B53BE8C71FE71" box="[284,342,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In life body and caudal musculature black; venter bluish or dark brown; fins translucent black (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E0A5539A8CFDFE0D" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[226,474,439,465]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E119539A8CB0FE0D" box="[350,407,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9CFFB6E08053F68EFEFDE1" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E08053F68C7AFE29" bold="true" box="[199,349,475,501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Metamorph.</emphasis>
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Dorsum reddish brown with one dorsolateral stripe per side; there are transversal dark stripes between the eyes and at the level of arms; anterior lip with a broad white or creamy stripe; groin and posterior surface of the thighs black with small greenish yellow or creamy spots (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF9CFFB6E323500E8EEAFDE1" box="[868,973,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[199,1414,1001,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-384@93.[173,1414,993,1956]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 60. Tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (LCS 483) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518136/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 60D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9CFFB6E080506A8EDFFD2D" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E080506A8CA0FDBC" bold="true" box="[199,391,582,609]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Foam nests deposited between shrubs, roots, and fallen tree trunks near to ponds; tadpoles reach the pond after rainfall floods the nest (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E23C50468E48FD59" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[635,879,619,645]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E2B150468E0AFD59" box="[758,813,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Clutches contained 247 and
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<specimenCount id="2DB6FD24FF9CFFB6E4F05046883DFD59" box="[1207,1306,619,645]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="egg">290 eggs</specimenCount>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E56050468C32FD75" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E0D050A28DF7FD75" box="[151,208,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles are benthic. Tadpoles are observed during the rainy season. Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9CFFB6E48350A28855FD75" box="[1220,1394,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E48350A28855FD75" box="[1220,1394,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are voracious predators of conspecific and heterospecific amphibian eggs and tadpoles (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E40B509E8861FD11" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[1100,1350,691,717]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rodrigues
|
||
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E48E509E8825FD11" box="[1225,1282,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
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2007
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
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). In experiments tadpoles of
|
||
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|
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9CFFB6E1C850FA8F1AFD2D" box="[399,573,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E1C850FA8F1AFD2D" box="[399,573,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
were preyed upon by fish (
|
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|
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E32850FA8ECBFD2D" author="Hero, J-M." box="[879,1004,727,753]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref77845" refString="Hero, J-M. (1991) Predation, palatability and the distribution of tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest. PhD Thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, 234 pp." type="book" year="1991">Hero 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
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|
</subSubSection>
|
||
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9CFFB6E08050D78E70FC15" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9CFFB6E08050D78E70FC15" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
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|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E08050D78C68FCC8" bold="true" box="[199,335,762,788]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
Tadpole of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9CFFB6E19250D68FA4FCC9" box="[469,643,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E19250D68FA4FCC9" box="[469,643,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
were described from
|
||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF9CFFB6E33050D68EF3FCC9" box="[887,980,763,789]" name="Ecuador" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
(
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E3A550D689B4FCC9" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[994,1171,763,789]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
) and Central Amazonia (Hero 1990;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E16151328F3CFCE5" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[294,539,799,825]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
|
|
Rodrigues
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E1E751328CFFFCE5" box="[416,472,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
2007
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). The description of
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E34751328EE7FCE5" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[768,960,799,825]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
is based on a single individual in Stage 25 tentatively identified as
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9CFFB6E1EC516E8F7CFC81" box="[427,603,835,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E1EC516E8F7CFC81" box="[427,603,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. Tadpole drawed by Hero (1990) differs from those herein characterized by presenting nostrils positioned at midway between eyes and the snout tip, and biseriate marginal papillae row. Tadpoles described by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9CFFB6E1DC51A68F84FC79" author="Rodrigues, D. J. & Menin, M. & Lima, A. P." box="[411,675,907,933]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref82248" refString="Rodrigues, D. J., Menin, M. & Lima, A. P. (2007) Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes. Zootaxa, 1509 (1), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1509.1.6" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
|
|
Rodrigues
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9CFFB6E25051A68F77FC79" box="[535,592,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
(2007)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
differ from those herein characterized by presenting body ovoid in dorsal view, and submarginal papillae laterally and posteriorly.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|