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<mods:title id="6521160DCBAAF4F2962B7463BE71DEF5">New records of Platynectes (s. str.) diving beetles from South America with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27AECC8AFBD2FE01B774B76F246438D0">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D32EE74E4BF805C377F4C6ADAC363CB4">Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology &amp; Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3D25F7FD44635C5B4B5FAA67BEF2C0DA">Benetti, Cesar J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="632A760F95CC10C9977921C355A343AB">Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, CEP 69067 - 375, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8D54B1FFB04EDB5598082308FCB8462">Gustafson, Grey T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="085236C6FA938B71966D71DBB709258B">Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology &amp; Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="B4C26550FFD6476CFF70B38E0E41A5EC" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF70B38E0E41A5EC" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
<heading id="A72F81B7FFD6476CFF70B38E0E41A5EC" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFF70B38E0E41A5EC" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
Key to the species of the
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFDB2B38D0E91A5C1" ID-CoL="7WJJY" baseAuthorityName="Laporte" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[518,715,188,215]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submaculatus">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFDB2B38D0E91A5C1" bold="true" box="[518,715,188,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. submaculatus</emphasis>
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species group
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<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B2210EA2A43F" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" box="[151,760,273,297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">1 Elytra with 10 distinct yellow maculae. ....................... 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B2010EA2A45F" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" box="[151,760,305,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446"> Elytra with fewer than 10 distinct yellow maculae. ... 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B2610EA2A47F" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" box="[151,760,337,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
2 Body length usually greater than
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. .................. 3
</paragraph>
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Body length less than
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, rarely more than 6.5 mm. .................................................................................. 4
</paragraph>
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3 Pronotal lateral bead broad, anteriorly ca. 2× wider than anterior epipleural carina; median lobe with apex strongly pointed and triangular.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFDA1B2C10E0FA71F" box="[533,597,497,521]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
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and
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. .............
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFE0CB1210EADA73F" ID-CoL="7WJJP" authority="(Aube, 1838)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Aube" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[440,759,528,553]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemnotatus">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFE0CB1210E32A73E" bold="true" box="[440,616,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. decemnotatus</emphasis>
(Aubé, 1838)
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<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFCEEB2CE097CA7E3" blockId="9.[828,1471,190,2069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
The new collection records presented here provide insights into the range sizes of both individual species as well as the clade as a whole. In particular, the new data provides evidence that (1) some species of
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<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFAABB16E09C7A763" box="[1311,1437,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Platynectes</emphasis>
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Clade II have extremely broad ranges, in some cases spanning almost
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, and (2) species of the clade are much more broadly distributed across the
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and Brazilian shields that was previously known.
</paragraph>
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Pronotal lateral bead narrow, similar in size to anterior epipleural carina throughout its length; median lobe with apex rounded, not triangular.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFD9CB1410ECEA79F" box="[552,660,625,649]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. .............. ...................................................
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFDB8B1A10EA2A7BF" bold="true" box="[524,760,656,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFDB8B1A10EC5A7BE" ID-CoL="8LZ58" authority="Short &amp; Benetti &amp; Gustafson, 2020" authorityName="Short &amp; Benetti &amp; Gustafson" authorityYear="2020" box="[524,671,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFDB8B1A10EC5A7BE" bold="true" box="[524,671,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. colombicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D59F57B2FFD6476CFD11B1A10EA2A7BF" box="[677,760,657,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B1810EADA61F" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
4 Total body length at most 5.0 mm, oflen smaller; WC/ WS = 5.
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(
<collectingRegion id="3E1CF839FFD6476CFE3DB1E10E60A7FF" box="[393,570,721,745]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Amazonas State</collectingRegion>
). ............................ ....................
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFEFAB1C10EADA61F" ID-CoL="8LZQ5" authority="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[334,759,753,777]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meru">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFEFAB1C10DFBA61E" bold="true" box="[334,417,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. meru</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="98494B2AFFD6476CFE13B1C10EADA61F" author="GUSTAFSON G. T. &amp; SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B." box="[423,759,753,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref8774" refString="GUSTAFSON G. T., SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B. 2016: New species of diving beetles in the subgenus Platynectes s. str. from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56: 79 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFCEEB1CE08F0A323" blockId="9.[828,1471,190,2069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
Several species, previously thought to be regional or microendemics, are now known from substantially larger ranges.
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFC25B00E083EA643" ID-CoL="8LZ7X" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[913,1124,830,853]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garciai">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFC25B00E083EA643" box="[913,1124,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Platynectes garciai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously known from a few closely situated localities along the
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFB4FB06E0936A663" box="[1275,1388,862,885]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
/Guyana border that were not more than
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apart (Fig. 12). Our new collections expand the distribution more than
<quantity id="3B209B3EFFD6476CFCC7B08E0F9CA6C3" box="[883,966,958,981]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
southwest, to the very edge of the
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFAFAB08E09C6A6C3" box="[1358,1436,958,981]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Shield in the state of Pará,
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFBECB0EE08C4A6E3" box="[1112,1182,990,1013]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Despite this seemingly large range expansion, the specimens are morphologically and genetically identical to the original populations (e.g.
<figureCitation id="64E32A5EFFD6476CFC88B70E0F2CA143" box="[828,886,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,182,2055,2074]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1024,2018]" captionTargetId="figure-414@2.[151,1436,1020,2019]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of sequenced Platynectes (s. str.) specimens based on the gene COI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig 1</figureCitation>
). Even more unexpected was the dramatic range expansion of
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFC63B76E08CAA163" ID-CoL="8LZPF" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[983,1168,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tafelbergensis">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFC63B76E08CAA163" box="[983,1168,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. tafelbergensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species had been suspected to be a putative microendemic of Tafelberg tepui in central
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, from where it was originally described (GUඌτΑΓඌƟΝ et al. 2016). In 2017, we collected a single specimen from a stream in Brownsberg Nature Park in northern
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFC4DB7CE083BA003" box="[1017,1121,1278,1301]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Suriname</collectingCountry>
confirming that it was not a tepui endemic taxon. But in 2018, we collected additional specimens in Manaus, at the extreme edge of the
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFAFAB60E09C6A043" box="[1358,1436,1342,1365]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Shield, as well as in the Brazilian state of
<collectingRegion id="3E1CF839FFD6476CFAA4B66E0920A063" box="[1296,1402,1374,1397]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
on the northern edge of the Brazilian Shield (
<figureCitation id="64E32A5EFFD6476CFAB8B64E0904A083" box="[1292,1374,1406,1429]" captionStart="Figs 1216" captionStartId="7.[151,188,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1437,191,1857]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1216. Distribution of Platynectes Clade II sensu TƟUඌඌΑιΝτ et al. (2017) in South America. Circles represent previously published localities; stars represent localities newly reported in this paper." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489378/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The assignment of the
<collectingRegion id="3E1CF839FFD6476CFC4EB6AE0838A0A3" box="[1018,1122,1438,1461]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
populations to
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFAB6B6AE0F03A0C3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. tafelbergensis</emphasis>
is strongly supported by both morphology and genetic data (
<figureCitation id="64E32A5EFFD6476CFCCEB6EE0FE1A0E3" box="[890,955,1502,1525]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,182,2055,2074]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1024,2018]" captionTargetId="figure-414@2.[151,1436,1020,2019]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of sequenced Platynectes (s. str.) specimens based on the gene COI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This is the first species of the genus with a distribution that spans the Amazon, known from both the Brazilian and Guiana Shields.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B0210EA2A65E" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446"> Total body length greater than 5.0 mm; WC/WS = 4. ........................................................................................ 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B0600EADA6DF" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
5 Body form parallel-sided and elongate; larger, body length =
<quantity id="3B209B3EFFD6476CFE95B0400DF3A69E" box="[289,425,880,904]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="6.3" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.1">6.16.5 mm</quantity>
; antennae filiform.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFD3FB0410EA2A69F" box="[651,760,881,905]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="3E1CF839FFD6476CFF08B0A10D10A6BF" box="[188,330,913,937]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Bolivar State</collectingRegion>
). ................................................................... ......
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFF48B0810EADA6DF" ID-CoL="8LZYY" authority="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[252,759,944,969]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaskanaima">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFF48B0810DFBA6DE" bold="true" box="[252,417,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. elaskanaima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="98494B2AFFD6476CFE13B0810EADA6DF" author="GUSTAFSON G. T. &amp; SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B." box="[423,759,945,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref8774" refString="GUSTAFSON G. T., SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B. 2016: New species of diving beetles in the subgenus Platynectes s. str. from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56: 79 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B0E10EADA15E" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
Body form more evenly rounded and not elongate; smaller, body length =
<quantity id="3B209B3EFFD6476CFE77B0C00E11A11E" box="[451,587,1008,1032]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="5.3">5.35.9 mm</quantity>
; antennae subserrate.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFEBDB7210D2AA13F" box="[265,368,1041,1065]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Suriname</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFE10B7210E1CA13F" box="[420,582,1041,1065]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
. ........................... .................................
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFE29B7010EADA15E" ID-CoL="7WJJY" authority="(Laporte, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Laporte" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[413,759,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submaculatus">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFE29B7010E17A15E" bold="true" box="[413,589,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. submaculatus</emphasis>
(Laporte, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B7610EADA1DF" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
6 Larger, body length =
<quantity id="3B209B3EFFD6476CFE29B7610E44A17E" box="[413,542,1105,1129]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="6.6">6.66.7 mm</quantity>
; brown, usually with two distinct parascutellar maculae.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFD89B7410E27A19F" box="[573,637,1137,1161]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFD3FB7410EAEA19F" box="[651,756,1137,1161]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFF57B7A10D09A1BF" box="[227,339,1169,1193]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. ................................................................... .................
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFE88B7810EADA1DF" ID-CoL="8LZ7X" authority="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[316,759,1201,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garciai">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFE88B7810DFBA1DF" bold="true" box="[316,417,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. garciai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="98494B2AFFD6476CFE13B7810EADA1DF" author="GUSTAFSON G. T. &amp; SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B." box="[423,759,1201,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref8774" refString="GUSTAFSON G. T., SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B. 2016: New species of diving beetles in the subgenus Platynectes s. str. from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56: 79 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC6736DBFFD6476CFF23B7E10EADA05F" blockId="9.[151,795,188,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
Smaller, body length =
<quantity id="3B209B3EFFD6476CFE1DB7E00E73A1FE" box="[425,553,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.8">5.86.5 mm</quantity>
; less brown, darker, never with parascutellar maculae.
<collectingCountry id="84CF764BFFD6476CFD9EB7C10ECBA01F" box="[554,657,1265,1289]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Suriname</collectingCountry>
and Brazil. ........................................................................................ .....
<taxonomicName id="3BD84D58FFD6476CFF47B6010EADA05F" ID-CoL="8LZPF" authority="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016" authorityName="Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2016" box="[243,759,1328,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Platynectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tafelbergensis">
<emphasis id="CEACEAC9FFD6476CFF47B6010DFBA05E" bold="true" box="[243,417,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">P. tafelbergensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="98494B2AFFD6476CFE13B6010EADA05F" author="GUSTAFSON G. T. &amp; SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B." box="[423,759,1329,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref8774" refString="GUSTAFSON G. T., SHORT A. E. Z. &amp; MILLER K. B. 2016: New species of diving beetles in the subgenus Platynectes s. str. from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56: 79 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Gustafson, Short &amp; Miller, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>