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<document id="32E1620E57BBB297328ABABE763A1205" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5a2eb3f-2555-41ba-a303-9fac9d2618c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284148" ID-ZooBank="17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460646204991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R." docDate="2013" docId="D6410C37BF52FFE9FF36FD03FCA7FD7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03686p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3686 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antennella peculiaris Galea, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8" masterDocTitle="New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698337017103" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5DAF812C1C9586ABAD475273B83CBBB0">New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6DF36C73F493FABFCE4821F776964D67">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C15267B95C0DB298A303833BB802DA94">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D6410C37BF52FFE9FF36FD03FCA7FD7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5263645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6410C37BF52FFE9FF36FD03FCA7FD7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6410C37BF52FFE9FF36FD03FCA7FD7F" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF52FFECFF36FD03FDE8FCD1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF36FD03FE07FD30" blockId="25.[151,528,718,778]" box="[151,511,718,744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="051F0A4DBF52FFECFF36FD03FE07FD30" bold="true" box="[151,511,718,744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF36FD03FE07FD30" bold="true" box="[151,511,718,744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFF36FD03FE63FD30" ID-CoL="66XKM" box="[151,411,718,744]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF36FD03FE63FD30" bold="true" box="[151,411,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Antennella peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF52FFECFE03FD03FE07FD30" box="[418,511,718,744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF36FD3CFDE8FCD1" blockId="25.[151,528,718,778]" box="[151,528,753,778]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(Plate 2A–F; Fig. 7A–D;
<tableCitation id="136A889ABF52FFECFE15FD3CFDF0FCD1" box="[436,520,753,777]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="29.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,204,1175]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparative measurements in species of Antennella discussed here (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0A97EDA9BF56FFE8FF36FF55FBB8FF77" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="0A97EDA9BF56FFE8FF36FF55FBB8FF77">Table 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF52FFECFF36FCF4FF05FBF1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF36FCF4FF05FBF1" blockId="25.[151,1436,825,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF36FCF4FE83FC8A" bold="true" box="[151,379,825,850]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFE2DFCF4FE29FC8A" bold="true" box="[396,465,825,850]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stn. 6</emphasis>
,
<date id="2A569BE1BF52FFECFE43FCF4FDB6FC89" box="[482,590,825,849]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2012-01-28">28.i.2012</date>
, 4–
<quantity id="991010C4BF52FFECFDDBFCF4FD4EFC89" box="[634,694,825,849]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFD65FCF4FCFDFC89" box="[708,773,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M092</emphasis>
: fertile (female) colony on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFBE7FCF4FB4CFC89" box="[1094,1204,825,849]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFBE7FCF4FB4CFC89" box="[1094,1204,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (MHNG-INVE- 82925);
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF54FC90FECFFCAD" box="[245,311,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M099</emphasis>
: fertile (female) colony on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFDCBFC90FD21FCAD" box="[618,729,861,885]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFDCBFC90FD21FCAD" box="[618,729,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (MHNG-INVE-82926);
<date id="2A569BE1BF52FFECFBB8FC90FB75FCAD" box="[1049,1165,861,885]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2012-02-14">14.ii.2012</date>
, 10–
<quantity id="991010C4BF52FFECFB62FC90FB05FCAD" box="[1219,1277,861,885]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFAA8FC90FAB2FCAD" box="[1289,1354,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M197</emphasis>
: fertile (female) colonies on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFE2DFC4CFE02FC41" box="[396,506,897,921]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFE2DFC4CFE02FC41" box="[396,506,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<typeStatus id="81530383BF52FFECFD97FC4CFD6BFC41" box="[566,659,897,921]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-82927).
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFC0AFC4CFAA4FC42" bold="true" box="[939,1372,897,922]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Additional material for comparison</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFACFFC4CFF4BFC66" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stn. 13</emphasis>
,
<date id="2A569BE1BF52FFECFF63FC68FED6FC65" box="[194,302,933,957]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2012-01-29">29.i.2012</date>
, 6–
<quantity id="991010C4BF52FFECFEF9FC68FE6BFC65" box="[344,403,933,957]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFE3EFC68FE27FC65" box="[415,479,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M118</emphasis>
: fertile (female) colony of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFCB5FC68FB32FC65" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[788,1226,933,957]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFCB5FC68FBEAFC65" box="[788,1042,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
, on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFB5BFC6BFA8BFC65" box="[1274,1395,934,957]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFB5BFC6BFA8BFC65" box="[1274,1395,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (MHNG-INVE-82928). Mediterranean,
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF52FFECFDFAFC07FD52FC39" box="[603,682,970,993]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">France</collectingCountry>
, La Ciotat,
<date id="2A569BE1BF52FFECFC8EFC04FC40FC39" box="[815,952,969,993]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2009-08-05">05.viii.2009</date>
,
<quantity id="991010C4BF52FFECFC64FC04FBF0FC39" box="[965,1032,969,993]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFBB5FC04FB76FC39" box="[1044,1166,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">HRG-0124</emphasis>
: fertile (female) colony of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFF1BFC20FEA2FBDD" box="[186,346,1005,1029]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF1BFC20FEA2FBDD" box="[186,346,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on seaweed; Le Pradon,
<date id="2A569BE1BF52FFECFD34FC20FCE6FBDD" box="[661,798,1005,1029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2008-08-27">27.viii.2008</date>
, 1 m,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFCD3FC20FC14FBDD" box="[882,1004,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">HRG-0153</emphasis>
: sterile colony of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFB6DFC20FA95FBDD" box="[1228,1389,1005,1029]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFB6DFC20FA95FBDD" box="[1228,1389,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on seaweed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF52FFECFF66FBF8FAA2F90D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF66FBF8FAA2F90D" blockId="25.[151,1436,825,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF66FBF8FEA9FB96" bold="true" box="[199,337,1077,1102]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description</emphasis>
. Stems up to
<quantity id="991010C4BF52FFECFE55FBF8FDCFFB95" box="[500,567,1077,1101]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
high arising from creeping, branching hydrorhiza. Stems with basal part of varied length, devoid of hydrothecae, carrying only nematothecae (up to 6) in two closely set, parallel rows; a basal constriction, just above origin from stolon, and 1–2 occasional transverse nodes above this; last node oblique. Stem heteromerously divided into hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes. Hydrothecate segments with proximal oblique node and distal transverse node, just as long as to accommodate a hydrotheca and its associated nematothecae: one mesial, a pair of laterals (not reaching the hydrothecal rim), as well as an axillar one, this occasionally missing. Ahydrothecate internodes with distal oblique node distally and transverse node proximally; there is characteristically a second, incomplete (not reaching the posterior side of stem) transverse node towards the proximal end of these internodes, delimiting a short, rectangular segment; whole ahydrothecate internodes comparatively longer than they hydrothecate counterparts, and carrying two distant nematothecae on their longest parts. All nematothecae bithalamic, wall of upper chamber lowered on adaxial side, except in lateral nematothecae, where there is a central, rounded lobe. Gonotheca (only female observed), arising singly or in pairs from below the hydrothecae through a pedicel composed of two short, rectangular pieces; shape typical of the genus, with two basal nematothecae; walls thin, except around aperture where the perisarc is conspiculously thickened; a watch glass shaped operculum. Gonophore of unidentified
<typeStatus id="81530383BF52FFECFD48F9E3FCE5F99E" box="[745,797,1582,1606]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
: a darker, ovoid, central mass is envelopped in a coat of jelly, the latter being protected by the ectoderm of the blastostyle (Plate 2A–D). Cnidome: 1) small, rounded heteronemes, rare in the coenosarc and the gonophore; 2) small, banana shaped microbasic mastigophores, abundant in the tentacles and the coenosarc; 3) large, elongated microbasic mastigophores, in the nematophores, also common in the coenosarc; 4) fusiform microbasic heteronemes, occurring exclusively in the gonophore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF52FFE9FF66F92FFDA6FDE4" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF66F92FFBF5F899" blockId="25.[151,1436,825,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFF66F92FFECCF922" bold="true" box="[199,308,1762,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
. The stems of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFE55F92CFD72F921" box="[500,650,1761,1785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFE55F92CFD72F921" box="[500,650,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFD39F92FFD00F922" bold="true" box="[664,760,1762,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF52FFECFD39F92FFD00F922" box="[664,760,1762,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are indistinguishable macroscopically from those of the sympatric
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFEACF8C8FD99F8C5" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[269,609,1797,1821]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFEACF8C8FE51F8C5" box="[269,425,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. secundaria</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
, except for their more pigmented coenosarc (pale brown
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFB48F8CBFAF8F8C5" box="[1257,1280,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vs</emphasis>
. transparent), and their preferential occurrence on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFD8CF8E4FD63F899" box="[557,667,1833,1857]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFD8CF8E4FD63F899" box="[557,667,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. rather than on
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFCCDF8E7FC1EF899" box="[876,998,1834,1857]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFCCDF8E7FC1EF899" box="[876,998,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF52FFECFF66F880FD67F82D" blockId="25.[151,1436,825,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
On one hand, the identification of Caribbean
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF52FFECFD5CF880FC59F8BD" box="[765,929,1869,1893]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF52FFECFD5CF880FC59F8BD" box="[765,929,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made upon comparison with fertile, Mediterranean specimens from two localities from the south of
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF52FFECFCFDF8BFFC54F851" box="[860,940,1906,1929]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">France</collectingCountry>
. Only differences related to the length of the internodes (compare Fig. 7E and H), so variable in this species (see
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF52FFECFC2FF858FBB8F875" author="Schuchert" box="[910,1088,1941,1965]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert 1997</bibRefCitation>
), could be noted. However, the general structure of their tropho- and gonosomes (Fig. 7F and I), as well as their cnidome composition (Fig. 7G and J), leave little doubt about their conspecificity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF51FFEFFF36FAB3FDB6F9F5" blockId="26.[151,1436,1405,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFF36FAB3FF04FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,252,1406,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PLATE 2</emphasis>
. A–F:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFEE3FAB3FDE2FA4C" box="[322,538,1406,1428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFEE3FAB3FDE2FA4C" box="[322,538,1406,1428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antennella peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFD81FAB3FD88FA4B" bold="true" box="[544,624,1406,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF51FFEFFD81FAB3FD88FA4B" box="[544,624,1406,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
―general view of the gonotheca with its gonophore (A); gonophore, mounted in glycerin, in lateral view (B) and cross section (C); microscopic structure of the gonophore (D); emptied gonotheca after expulsion of its gonophore (E); frontal view of gonotheca showing rounded hole in the ectoderm of blastostyle allowing the exit of the gonophore (F). G–I:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFE15FA14FCB8FA28" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[436,832,1497,1520]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFE15FA14FD62FA37" box="[436,666,1497,1519]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
―gonotheca and gonophore in lateral view (G) and crosssection (H), showing large oocyte enveloped by the ectoderm of the blastostyle, Caribbean material; gonophore of Mediterranean specimen in lateral view (I).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF51FFEEFF66F994FE2CF875" blockId="26.[151,1436,1625,1938]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,1616,1965]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
On the other hand, several microscopic differences with taxonomic significance could be noted between
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFA25F997FEFFF94E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFA25F997FEFFF94E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFEE4F9B3FE1DF94E" box="[325,485,1662,1686]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFEE4F9B3FE1DF94E" box="[325,485,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as follows: 1) the presence, in the former, of a small, rectangular, intermediate, ahydrothecate and anematothecate internode, situated at the proximal end of the ahydrothecate stem internodes; 2) in
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFF17F90BFEB0F906" box="[182,328,1734,1758]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFF17F90BFEB0F906" box="[182,328,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal part of the hydrothecate segments above the theca is very reduced, just as long as to accommodate the insertion of the axillar nematotheca, while in
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFCDFF927FBE5F8DA" box="[894,1053,1770,1794]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFCDFF927FBE5F8DA" box="[894,1053,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this portion is much longer, and surpasses the level of the rim of hydrotheca; 3) the gonothecae of the new species appear slightly larger and wider compared to those of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFE2FF8FFFDD3F892" box="[398,555,1842,1866]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFE2FF8FFFDD3F892" box="[398,555,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare Fig. 7B and I), and the gonophores they produce seem different, as seen in temporary preparations in glyceryne. While the female gonophore of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFBB9F89BFB40F8B6" box="[1048,1208,1878,1902]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFBB9F89BFB40F8B6" box="[1048,1208,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by a single, large oocyte enveloped by the ectoderm of the blastostyle (Plate 2G–I), that of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF51FFEFFB3AF8B7FAD2F84A" box="[1179,1322,1914,1938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF51FFEFFB3AF8B7FAD2F84A" box="[1179,1322,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a dark,
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFF36F99FFEF5F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,269,1618,1641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. A–D:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFEF9F99EFDC9F9B1" box="[344,561,1619,1641]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFEF9F99EFDC9F9B1" box="[344,561,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFD99F99EFD70F9B0" bold="true" box="[568,648,1619,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF50FFEEFD99F99EFD70F9B0" box="[568,648,1619,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
―stem fragment in lateral (A1) and frontal (A2) views; female gonotheca (B); nematothecae: lateral and axillar (C1), mesial (C2), and of stem internode (C3); cnidome (D). E–J:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFB12F9B9FECCF971" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFB12F9B9FA64F952" box="[1203,1436,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
―stem (E), female gonotheca (F), and cnidome (G) of Mediterranean specimen; stem (H), female gonothecae (I), and cnidome (J) of Caribbean specimen. K–N:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFD03F97CFBAAF91F" authority="Ritchie, 1909" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1909" box="[674,1106,1713,1735]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFD03F97CFCE8F91F" box="[674,784,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFCE1F97CFC3AF91F" box="[832,962,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">quadriaurita</emphasis>
Ritchie, 1909
</taxonomicName>
―stem fragment in frontal view (K); gonotheca (L); comparison of lateral nematothecae and cnidomes between specimens from
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFB01F91FFAE9F930" box="[1184,1297,1746,1768]" name="Martinique" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(M1 and N1, respectively)
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFE80F93EFE04F8D1" box="[289,508,1779,1801]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">and Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
(M2 and N2, respectively).
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFCB2F939FCDFF8D1" box="[787,807,1780,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
–S:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFCEFF939FBFDF8D2" box="[846,1029,1780,1802]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFCEFF939FBFDF8D2" box="[846,1029,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFBADF939FBA5F8D1" bold="true" box="[1036,1117,1780,1801]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF50FFEEFBADF939FBA5F8D1" box="[1036,1117,1780,1801]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
―stem fragment in lateral (
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFAD8F939FA74F8D1" box="[1401,1420,1780,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
1) and frontal (
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFEB3F8D8FEDDF8F2" box="[274,293,1813,1834]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
2) views; female (P) and male (Q) gonothecae; nematothecae: of stem internode (R1), mesial (R2), lateral (R3), and axillar (R4); cnidome (S). T–W:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFE45F8FBFD40F894" box="[484,696,1846,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubitheca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFE45F8FBFD40F894" box="[484,696,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella tubitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFD61F8FBFCE9F893" bold="true" box="[704,785,1846,1867]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77AFDC48BF50FFEEFD61F8FBFCE9F893" box="[704,785,1846,1867]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
―stem fragment (T); gonotheca (U); nematothecae: lateral and axillar (
<date id="2A569BE1BF50FFEEFF46F895FEF9F8B8" box="[231,257,1876,1901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V1</date>
), of stem internodes and mesial (
<date id="2A569BE1BF50FFEEFDFDF895FD8EF8B8" box="[604,630,1876,1901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V2</date>
); cnidome (W). X–Z:
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF50FFEEFCC0F89AFC37F8B5" box="[865,975,1879,1901]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF50FFEEFCC0F89AFC37F8B5" box="[865,975,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Antennella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.―stem fragment (X); lateral (
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFA88F895FAC5F8B5" box="[1321,1341,1880,1901]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Y</collectingCountry>
1), mesial (
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFF3FF8B4FF49F856" box="[158,177,1913,1934]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Y</collectingCountry>
2) and stem (
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFE8EF8B4FEBAF856" box="[303,322,1913,1934]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Y</collectingCountry>
3) nematothecae; cnidome (Z). Scale bars: 10 µm (D, G, J, N, S, W, Z), 100 µm (C, M, R, V,
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFB43F8B4FB0FF856" box="[1250,1271,1913,1934]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Y</collectingCountry>
), 300 µm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K, L,
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF50FFEEFE9AF85AFEB6F874" box="[315,334,1943,1964]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
–Q, T, U, X).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF57FFE9FF36FF55FCAEFE2C" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
compact, central mass contained in a thick jelly, itself enveloped by the ectoderm of the blastostyle (Plate 2A–C). Its microscopic structure (Plate 2D) could not be properly investigated in the absence of histological sections. No free gonophores have been observed. In numerous empty gonothecae, the ectoderm of the blastostyle retains the imprint of the expelled gonophore (Plate 2E), and shows apically a hole allowing the dispersive stage to become free (Plate 2F); 4) the large microbasic mastigophores of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FCB6FEE5FC5EFE98" box="[791,934,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FCB6FEE5FC5EFE98" box="[791,934,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ in shape and, to a lesser extent in size, compared to their counterparts of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FD8BFE81FD31FEBC" box="[554,713,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FD8BFE81FD31FEBC" box="[554,713,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from both
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF57FFE9FCF5FE81FC29FEBC" box="[852,977,332,356]" name="Martinique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(sample M118) and the Mediterranean (sample HRG-124). While these capsules are rather tubular in
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FC0FFEBDFBB0FE50" box="[942,1096,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FC0FFEBDFBB0FE50" box="[942,1096,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, comparatively more ovoid nematocysts are seen in
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FE14FE59FDACFE74" box="[437,596,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FE14FE59FDACFE74" box="[437,596,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 5) an abundant microbasic heteroneme occurs specifically, and in high numbers, in the gonophore of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FE44FE75FD8CFE08" box="[485,628,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FE44FE75FD8CFE08" box="[485,628,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while no nematocysts could be found in any of the available samples of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FF36FE11FECBFE2C" box="[151,307,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FF36FE11FECBFE2C" box="[151,307,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from both the Caribbean and the Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF57FFE9FF66FE32FDA6FDE4" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Life cycle experiments on living material, as well as a histological study are necessary to ascertain the exact nature of the gonophore of
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FE69FDE9FDAFFDE4" box="[456,599,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FE69FDE9FDAFFDE4" box="[456,599,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF57FFE9FF66FD85FCA7FD7F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF57FFE9FF66FD85FE7AFD5C" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FF66FD85FEBEFDB8" bold="true" box="[199,326,584,608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology</emphasis>
. From
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF57FFE9FE3FFD85FD91FD87" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[414,617,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FE3FFD85FDF6FDB8" box="[414,526,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">peculiaris</emphasis>
(Latin)
</taxonomicName>
, meaning peculiar, with reference to the likely unusual structure of its stem and gonophore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF57FFE9FF66FD42FCA7FD7F" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,680]" box="[199,863,655,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF57FFE9FF66FD42FE05FD70" bold="true" box="[199,509,655,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
. Only known from
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF57FFE9FD7AFD42FCA3FD7F" box="[731,859,655,679]" name="Martinique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Martinique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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