treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF35FFE519D43A18F0C5F9DC.xml

<document id="7E0D95A983DF81D87D7CCB945E98CC02" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF35FFE519D43A18F0C5F9DC" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea geluensis Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0DAA8BC59DF24324996765AC06E27D55">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DEA100D94A957155ACEAFEA2EEA116FC">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DCDF5A3B15A20570D8E720023550A902">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D8FB3755FB16BB3C80976D5653528DA4">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="54179876DBA0153F5CC7EEFE785A8C14">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0B839C0A3B6855AD4DD6801A55407C0F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF35FFEB19D43A18F0B8FB06" pageId="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF35FFEB19D43A18F0B8FB06" blockId="39.[136,1451,1058,1157]" pageId="39">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF35FFEB19D43A18F1E4FBBE" bold="true" box="[136,170,1059,1085]" pageId="39">11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF35FFEB19F33A1EF3E4FBBE" ID-CoL="S6LM" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[175,682,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF35FFEB19F33A1EF0D7FBBE" bold="true" box="[175,409,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="39">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF35FFEB18C33A18F3E4FBBE" box="[415,682,1060,1085]" collectingDate="1867-07-01" collectionCode="G, JE" country="Iran" county="Haussknecht" elevation="2400" location="Type" municipality="Boyer-Ahmad" pageId="39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">Boissier &amp; Haussknecht</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF35FFEB1B973A18F2FCFBBE" author="Boissier, E." box="[715,946,1060,1085]" pageId="39" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier (1875: 674)</bibRefCitation>
. 
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:— 
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. Prov. Kohgiluyeh and 
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: in declivitate of mountains, 
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, 
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</date>
, 
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s.n.
</emphasis>
(
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G!: three sheets comprising 
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF35FFEB1CDF3A74F1BBFB06" count="1" pageId="39" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF35FFEB185C3A50F01FFB06" box="[256,337,1132,1157]" pageId="39" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
JE!). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF35FFEB18C13A50F0A0FB06" box="[413,494,1132,1157]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="40.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,209,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[193,1394,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 25. Centaurea geluensis Boissier &amp; Haussknecht (Haussknecht s.n., G). A. achenes with pappus. B. habit. C. close up of involucre. Scale A = 2 cm, C = 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703472/files/figure.png" pageId="39">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF35FFEB19D43A88F408F8FA" blockId="39.[136,1452,1204,2057]" pageId="39">
Biennial plants, whole plant usually grayish-green. Stem erect, branched from median to upper parts, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1C543A88F436FB4E" box="[1288,1400,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="39" unit="cm" value="52.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="45.0">45–60 cm</quantity>
tall, white, cylindrical, ± densely covered with grayish arachnoid-tomentose hairs. Leaves rigid-chartaceous, with thick white striations, subglabrous, margin scabrous. Basal leaves unknown. Lower cauline leaves 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1DE73AC0F463FA96" box="[1211,1325,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="39" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="12.0">12–24 cm</quantity>
long, with a short petiole, lamina lanceolate in outline, basally lobed, with 3–4 lobes on each side, or lyrate, terminal segment very large, acute at apex, ± lossely grayish arachnoid-tomentose along midrib. Median cauline leaves sessile, simple, lanceolate-oblong or broadly oblanceolate, 4–8 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1BE53B54F277FA02" box="[697,825,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="39" unit="cm" value="3.55" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="2.3">2.3–4.8 cm</quantity>
, winged or broadly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1D8F3B54F46DFA02" box="[1235,1315,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
along stem, rounded, apiculate or acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, rarely ovate, 1–3.5 × 0.3–1.3(–2.3) cm, broadly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1A813B8CF57FFA4A" box="[989,1073,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
along stem, sometimes winged, mucronate or cuspidate at apex. Capitula numerous, arranged in a corymbose dichasium, sometimes with bracts similar to phyllaries with small stramineous and chaffy appendages. Involucres ovoid, truncate at base, 30–35 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1C773BC4F4E6F992" box="[1323,1448,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18–25 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, scarious-coriaceous, imbricate, yellowish in sicco, loosely tomentose, with indistinct nerves in upper part. Appendages rigid-coriaceous, totally concealing phyllaries, straw-coloured or pale brown, ovate-triangular or lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB18753858F0C6F9FE" box="[297,392,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia), not decurrent, ciliate, inner ones lacerate into a short spine or rounded with a denticulate margin; cilia short, numerous, 7–12 on each side, (1–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1D6638B4F5FDF922" box="[1082,1203,1672,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long; spine narrowly triangular, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB18583890F02DF946" box="[260,355,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long, strongly longer than adjacent cilia. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphroditic, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1C3A3890F1FAF96A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
long, corolla 
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long, 5-lobed, lobes 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1BEB38ECF25BF96A" box="[695,789,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
long; peripheral florets sterile, slightly shorter than central ones, finely dissected, not radiant, 5-lobed, limb lobes filiform, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1A0638C8F2F6F88E" box="[858,952,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB19ED3924F068F8B2" box="[177,294,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB18C63924F093F8B2" box="[410,477,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
wide, silver-bronze, sometimes dark brown to blackish, smooth and shiny, glabrous; insertion areole lateral, large and distinct, yellow, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1B8A3900F265F8D6" box="[726,811,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, pale brown, sometimes whitish, scabrous, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB18A2395CF33EF8FA" box="[510,624,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows shorter than others, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF35FFEB1DEC395CF448F8FA" box="[1200,1286,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF35FFEB19E139B8F0EAF78A" blockId="39.[136,1452,1204,2057]" pageId="39">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF35FFEB19E139B8F08AF81E" bold="true" box="[189,452,1924,1949]" pageId="39">Nomenclatural notes:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF35FFEB18BD39B8F245F842" collectionCode="G" pageId="39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
There are three sheets at the herbarium 
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that are original material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF35FFEB1C6A39B8F1BEF842" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF35FFEB1C6A39B8F1BEF842" italics="true" pageId="39">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF35FFEB19A23994F0F4F842" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[254,442,1960,1985]" pageId="39" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
designated one as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF35FFEB1BF83994F245F842" box="[676,779,1960,1985]" pageId="39" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
and the other as 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF35FFEB1A903994F52CF842" box="[972,1122,1960,1985]" pageId="39" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF35FFEB1D313994F0EEF78A" collectionCode="G" pageId="39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Our study showed that three sheets belong to a single specimen and there is only 
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF35FFEB1B8939F0F221F866" box="[725,879,1996,2021]" count="1" pageId="39" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
at the herbarium 
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which it must be automatically considered as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF35FFEB186639CCF0EEF78A" box="[314,416,2032,2057]" pageId="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF3AFFE419D4399DF0BEF859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703472/files/figure.png" pageId="40" startId="40.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[199,1393,209,1922]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3AFFE419D4399DF0BEF859" blockId="40.[136,1451,1953,2010]" pageId="40">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE419D4399DF043F835" bold="true" box="[136,269,1953,1974]" pageId="40">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3AFFE4184A399DF39AF835" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[278,724,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE4184A399DF092F835" box="[278,476,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="40">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
Boissier &amp; Haussknecht
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE41BB9399DF2C4F835" box="[741,906,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="40">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
, G). 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE41A9D399DF297F835" bold="true" box="[961,985,1953,1974]" pageId="40">A.</emphasis>
achenes with pappus. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE41DE1399DF59AF835" bold="true" box="[1213,1236,1953,1974]" pageId="40">B.</emphasis>
habit. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE41C47399DF47DF835" bold="true" box="[1307,1331,1953,1974]" pageId="40">C.</emphasis>
close up of involucre. Scale 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE4187539F9F074F859" bold="true" box="[297,314,1989,2010]" pageId="40">A</emphasis>
= 2 cm, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3AFFE418D339F9F0EEF859" bold="true" box="[399,416,1989,2010]" pageId="40">C</emphasis>
= 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3BFFE519E13E9CF3B4FECA" blockId="41.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="41">
Regarding the authorship of the name, Index 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51BE83E9CF51AFF3A" authority=", IPNI and Wagenitz (1960)" authorityName=", IPNI and Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[692,1108,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kewensis">
Kewensis, IPNI and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3BFFE51AC63E9CF51AFF3A" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[922,1108,160,185]" pageId="41" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
misinterpreted it as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51C6A3E9CF306FF5E" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51C6A3E9CF1BEFF5E" italics="true" pageId="41">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
The species was described for the first time in Boissier’s Flora 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51C613EF8F074FE82" authority="(Boissier 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
Orientalis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3BFFE519CC3ED4F07CFE82" author="Boissier, E." box="[144,306,232,257]" pageId="41" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. When the authorship was shared, Boissier wrote both authors in brackets as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51DF03ED4F1A5FEA6" authority="(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Haussk." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51DF03ED4F478FE82" box="[1196,1334,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. geluensis</emphasis>
(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)
</taxonomicName>
(Fl. Orient. 3: 674) that should be interpreted as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51A4A3F30F534FEA6" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[790,1146,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51A4A3F30F2EEFEA6" box="[790,928,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. geluensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn.
</taxonomicName>
in Boiss., but certainly not as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE519FA3F0CF33BFECA" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[166,629,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519FA3F0CF061FECA" box="[166,303,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. geluensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
(Art. 46.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3BFFE519E13F68F43FFDC6" blockId="41.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="41">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519E13F68F331FEEE" bold="true" box="[189,639,340,365]" pageId="41">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51BC73F68F231FEEE" box="[667,895,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51BC73F68F231FEEE" box="[667,895,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="41">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare endemic to Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, SW 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF3BFFE518D03F44F0F7FE12" box="[396,441,376,401]" name="Iran" pageId="41">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF3BFFE518903F44F36DFE12" box="[460,547,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="41.[136,229,1429,1450]" captionTargetBox="[157,1379,670,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-213@41.[151,1436,641,1404]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 26. Distribution of Centaurea geluensis (circles), C. gigantea subsp. gigantea (squares), and C. gigantea subsp. rechingeri (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703476/files/figure.png" pageId="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element and only known from two close localities in 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE519D43FA0F01BFE36" authority="Mountains" authorityName="Mountains" box="[136,341,412,437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagros">Zagros Mountains</taxonomicName>
(Kuh-e Saverz). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51B4B3FA0F3B2FE36" box="[535,764,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51B4B3FA0F3B2FE36" box="[535,764,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="41">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on rocky slopes in a high-montane zone, at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3BFFE519F43FFCF007FE5A" box="[168,329,448,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="41" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–2700 m</quantity>
. This species occurs in higher elevations than the other species of 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51D143FFCF52FFE5A" box="[1096,1121,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="41">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51DFA3FFCF468FE5A" box="[1190,1318,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51DFA3FFCF468FE5A" box="[1190,1318,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="41">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51C6A3FFCF1BEFE7E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51C6A3FFCF1BEFE7E" italics="true" pageId="41">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE518683FD8F09BFE7E" authorityName="Wagenitz &amp; Esfandiari. A" authorityYear="1983" box="[308,469,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranshahrii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE518683FD8F09BFE7E" box="[308,469,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. iranshahrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51B4C3FD8F3F5FE7E" box="[528,699,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51B4C3FD8F3F5FE7E" box="[528,699,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. gudrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a natural species group within 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51D2C3FD8F5C4FE7E" box="[1136,1162,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="41">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51D923FD8F400FE7E" box="[1230,1358,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51D923FD8F400FE7E" box="[1230,1358,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="41">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
marked by morphological characters such as: stem strongly branched from near base to median part, many branches, and dichasium-like inflorescence. In addition, these species also share yellow flowers and subglabrous indumentum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF3BFFE519D43BA9F1BCFA4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703476/files/figure.png" pageId="41" startId="41.[136,229,1429,1450]" targetBox="[157,1379,670,1386]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3BFFE519D43BA9F1BCFA4D" blockId="41.[136,1451,1429,1486]" pageId="41">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519D43BA9F048FA29" bold="true" box="[136,262,1429,1450]" pageId="41">FIGURE 26</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE518F23BA9F33AFA29" box="[430,628,1429,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE518F23BA9F33AFA29" box="[430,628,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="41">Centaurea geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51B853BA9F2A0FA29" box="[729,1006,1429,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantea" subSpecies="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51B853BA9F202FA29" box="[729,844,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. gigantea</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51AC63BA9F2A0FA29" box="[922,1006,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="41">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3BFFE51DD43BA9F4E5FA29" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[1160,1451,1429,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantea" subSpecies="rechingeri">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51DD43BA9F5B5FA29" box="[1160,1275,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. gigantea</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51C143BA9F4E5FA29" box="[1352,1451,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="41">rechingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3BFFE519E13BC2F327F994" blockId="41.[136,1451,1534,1631]" box="[189,617,1534,1559]" pageId="41">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519E13BC2F099F994" bold="true" box="[189,471,1534,1559]" pageId="41">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF3BFFE519E1381EF0C5F9DC" pageId="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3BFFE519E1381EF0C5F9DC" blockId="41.[136,1451,1534,1631]" pageId="41">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519E1381EF30EF9B8" bold="true" box="[189,576,1570,1595]" pageId="41">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF3BFFE51B1C381EF0C8F9DC" collectionCode="JE" country="Iran" elevation="2700" location="Boyer-Ahmad" municipality="Eshgar mts." pageId="41" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE51B1C381EF3C6F9B8" bold="true" box="[576,648,1570,1595]" pageId="41">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF3BFFE51B1C381EF3C6F9B8" box="[576,648,1570,1595]" name="Iran" pageId="41">IRAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov. Kohgiluyeh and 
<location id="8E9E6039DF3BFFE51AC8381EF576F9B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF35FFE519D43A18F0C5F9DC:8E9E6039DF3BFFE51AC8381EF576F9B8" box="[916,1080,1570,1595]" country="Iran" municipality="Eshgar mts." name="Boyer-Ahmad" pageId="41">Boyer-Ahmad</location>
: in rupestr. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF3BFFE51DE7381EF40DF9B8" box="[1211,1347,1570,1595]" pageId="41">Eshgar mts.</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3BFFE51C13381EF4E9F9B8" box="[1359,1447,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="41" unit="m" value="2700.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF3BFFE51C13381EF4E9F9B8" box="[1359,1447,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="41" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3BFFE519D4387AF00BF9DC" box="[136,325,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="41">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF3BFFE51809387AF037F9DC" box="[341,377,1606,1631]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15444" name="Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena" pageId="41" type="Herbarium">JE</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>