169 lines
20 KiB
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169 lines
20 KiB
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<document id="64A6E6A4C4E85F5B8F32881AC2E8CA59" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2626bb6f-94a4-4bba-a4c8-e8eb68c4ae95" ID-PMC="PMC5345378" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-649-1" ID-PubMed="28325970" ID-ZooBank="5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-649-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 649" ModsDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" checkinTime="1485998739022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Percy, Diana M." docDate="2017" docId="99F4E4E9F85EA24471E59716C9C03F02" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 649: 1-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 649" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" docTitle="Pariaconus iolani Kirkaldy 1902, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="802A4C29FFB3FFFE83131831FFFCD537" masterDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1701318356559" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4C3F386906AA6CB3FBEC332C15ECEF1A">Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87F960CE4B5774C3EDD1D8C6842D36B7">Percy, Diana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7B404EEB98AB34BC6044958EE0E6538">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="203272DEF92079AD4FC70FA8B83E59BC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0A0F8F00DB78E1FA64A7FBF9C7C4D7A3">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C779F722663B36EFF8C4A9D6A0B9E97E">649</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EBBC2E45B3307A987EF51EF1BEE9BE4C">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="3331A1C653AF886EFE8C6B3BAD61698F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="4779456A55647249B11B5CAC4DD8F9E0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F295A27FD77F7FA6FD89E24315357CED" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED1E850ECAF4C34589C0AF1262B874CB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-649-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D150053FF0822766DB9AD242BFFBC84E" type="ZooBank">5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="99F4E4E9F85EA24471E59716C9C03F02" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127896253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99F4E4E9F85EA24471E59716C9C03F02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99F4E4E9F85EA24471E59716C9C03F02" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="5E7EC21C3277D68726A1948DC1BEBC88" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0E5C4151E9E7F78508981EB5E59AB72B" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="074FF68975B94A4E64C09715BDA7F1CD" ID-CoL="4DM3M" authority="Kirkaldy, 1902" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Pariaconus iolani (Kirkaldy, 1902)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DE6B5BFEBFDDDBDF113D0A795574B25" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 21
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DC3C7AEA334A87CEBC1E4C3894A34961" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3062D250F7980B878FA972ED8C077CAF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="A1C293B79A11B067245E4BACBE3CD85D" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Trioza iolani</taxonomicName>
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Kirkaldy, 1902: 114 in part (Kauai specimens, nec Oahu specimens), type designated by lectotypification in 1908: 206; non
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<taxonomicName id="0946C7FC379A712EFBBEF77DAC925397" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Trioza iolani</taxonomicName>
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Crawford, 1918, nec Zimmerman, 1948.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C957BE29811447C87B654D8877A2682" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="FFD69893D84D6EC2D74CB36E13A1E6C6" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza kauaiensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kauaiensis">Trioza kauaiensis</taxonomicName>
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Crawford, 1925: 29, syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="25E3A2B744462A933FB643712400CAEF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="44C3A39C887A7A3BE9C4453BCBB05541" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Adult colour.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8C1953D22351E58711CD5226458431E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">General body colour green, yellow-green or yellow-orange, often with brown on legs, thorax and abdomen. Females may have a darker abdomen due to darkly pigmented egg load. Fore wing membrane clear.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="30C7FF42FB0382AE178859B585CFEDE5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8878310C3724D493C9236161F26BF3AF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Adult structure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="80F9E96AEF97E1F186F7C09506914959" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Fore wing apex rounded; surface spinules sparsely distributed, usually in all cells except limited or absent from cell r1; long setae on margins and particularly dense on the ventral margin, sparse long setae on veins (Fig. 21A, D). Antennae long (av. length 1.33; ratio AL:HW av. 1.85); genal processes length short-medium and bluntly acute (ratio VL:GP av. 2.04); medium to long setae on vertex and thorax; distal proboscis segment short (av. length 0.09); hind tibia thick, length shorter or subequal to head width (ratio HW:HT av. 0.95) (Fig. 21
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<normalizedToken id="1064F3991734792A486C0D827B571723" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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, F). Male terminalia (Fig. 21E,
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<normalizedToken id="77A915F5C0BAA9C37D7C4AC9E838A986" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="664CF13848BC94B67CBAACFCCF64A4E9" originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
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): paramere length subequal to proctiger (ratio MP:PL av. 1.06), paramere extremely broad, with a prominent central ridge and posterior bulge or
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<normalizedToken id="3CAB2BAE65F9789F4CF66C60C9463E8C" originalValue="“shoulder”">"shoulder"</normalizedToken>
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, apex directed anteriorly; subgenital plate extending posteriorly to give a somewhat triangular rather than rounded shape; distal aedeagus segment length subequal to paramere (ratio PL:AEL av. 0.93) with base rounded and slightly inflated, and a large hooked apex (ratio AEL:AELH av. 2.20). Female terminalia (Fig. 21J,
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<normalizedToken id="97EB30AE00124968B62AD1BD32CF3471" originalValue="M–O">M-O</normalizedToken>
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): proctiger short, dorsal surface straight, apex constricted in dorsal view and bluntly acute, anal ring short (ratio FP:RL av. 4.17); subgenital plate strikingly concave ventrally and apex truncate (ratio FP:FSP av. 1.12); ovipositor apex with distinct serrations (3 above, 4 below), valvulae dorsalis not strongly convex dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7EAF8E60CC5DF598011BAE6C5AEB205C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph id="70ED21FFF3F3ADE62538ACF4AE5C3D83" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 21.
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<taxonomicName id="48A0615204F70ABFA68C4A026CA29D6D" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Pariaconus iolani</taxonomicName>
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. A fore wing B head C proboscis D fore wing detail E aedeagus and paramere (central ridge indicated), form
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<taxonomicName id="83AC345E398BB9345295A969E1F9C77B" form="iolani" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea iolani" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="form" species="iolani">iolani</taxonomicName>
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F hind leg G, H, I form
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<taxonomicName id="EB9FA62EE36ACCE0EE4D583E8850A78B" form="iolani" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea iolani" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="form" species="iolani">iolani</taxonomicName>
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: G male terminalia H aedeagus and paramere (posterior shoulder indicated) I paramere (interior view, central ridge indicated) J female proctiger (dorsal view) K, L form
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<taxonomicName id="7C7B636C06701E1B5763C181914B2F8A" form="scapulus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea scapulus" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="form" species="scapulus">scapulus</taxonomicName>
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: K male terminalia L aedeagus and paramere (posterior shoulder indicated) M ovipositor (serrations indicated) N female subgenital plate (ventral view) O female terminalia (concave subgenital plate indicated) P original illustration (
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<bibRefCitation id="3C50AB0E45BCE3F13D453738CAC843F2" author="Kirkaldy, GW" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Hawaiiensis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="93 - 174" title="Hemiptera." volume="3" year="1902">Kirkaldy 1902</bibRefCitation>
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) (concave subgenital plate indicated) and female lectotype (inset) Q eggs (pedicel and microsculpturing indicated).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1ADF684F9207CC6714C118FBBE245C28" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="ED6FDA649A5501E0EA2786418CB08419" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Egg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA41F4024BC345797D629F82CB7C8142" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mid- to light brown, elongate oval, with longitudinal medial suture entire length of egg (coffee bean-like), surface with microsculpturing and granular in appearance, extremely short pedicel 1/3 length from base, tail lacking (Fig. 21Q).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A34EA50B0CB28570CB24739559C92110" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B44FB90824EF6B2463FED9A5685C3FB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Immature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1477D1EEFB40F8CB556C5E7FAD7B2979" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1EC476F8349901181A91AF1A913659C1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="host">
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<paragraph id="296EFD3B6DF10A5BC86D87D2769CCA64" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Host plant notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DDEA1E5601B9459D0BC5FAE267371ABA" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Collected predominantly from glabrous and semi-pubescent morphotypes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="489EDF60F6C209634CFD7E2ABF380525" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="549B63673FF73C39CF274196AC2B6222" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Island.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF4199029F4AB794F1862F1E015E5A34" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kauai.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E0AFFA60D860021887215436FF23A0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A74A83FC633FEFB0032B1D83A8E9E900" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF53696F2226B04891E79E716A2DB5A5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Collected in several locations in Kokee State Park, including Alakai, Kalalau and Nu Alolo.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2A510952B801A11D43F83C9F424784D0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="4C8439320BFCC6AEF0274132A90CD0C2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="017CFC32A127A07F7E08F064D6483E97" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Based on phylogenetic closeness to
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<taxonomicName id="A3681A2FBBCD0242A4A898893A164403" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus hiiaka" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiiaka">Pariaconus hiiaka</taxonomicName>
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, and the large body size, this species may have a similar closed gall biology, but further study is required to confirm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="090F4EE05C3B0C992CAADD7AE107F261" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="937D46FFAB32D5F5F991956425060CB0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EC2E0936B389847A03E1A1D8759815E" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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The female lectotype (dry mounted, BMNH) has been examined and compared with the female syntype (dry mounted, BPBM) of
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<taxonomicName id="823E5F8B69CAB13D005498A66632ADC8" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza kauaiensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kauaiensis">Trioza kauaiensis</taxonomicName>
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Crawford, 1925. In publications after 1908, the name
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<taxonomicName id="D361EC6806A856D3CA151970B7A3A35F" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Trioza iolani</taxonomicName>
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has been almost exclusively associated with a common Oahu species (here designated
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<taxonomicName id="589896EEDFECBF51C3A4F62F0B65BCDA" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus oahuensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oahuensis">Pariaconus oahuensis</taxonomicName>
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). There is no way to avoid this unfortunate synonymization given the following circumstances:
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<bibRefCitation id="05CCC6FD75EBE4F62B824778C6257776" author="Kirkaldy, GW" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Hawaiiensis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="93 - 174" title="Hemiptera." volume="3" year="1902">Kirkaldy (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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referred to two specimens in his original description, one from Kauai and one from Oahu, but the two specimens are not from the same species. In the original description, he illustrates only the specimen from Kauai but does not publish a designated type. However, in 1908 he validly lectotypified the Kauai specimen: "The type was from Kauai", and this specimen also bears a hand written label (apparently in
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<normalizedToken id="F2053026E9016BC26586096F5EC71CA3" originalValue="Kirkaldy’s">Kirkaldy's</normalizedToken>
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handwriting), "male type" (though the lectotype is in fact female) (Fig. 21P). The name
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<taxonomicName id="41007735B12B43ED9E00C3A2DFBA871C" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea iolani" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="iolani">iolani</taxonomicName>
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must therefore be considered to apply to the Kauai specimen, rather than the Oahu specimen, and the Kauai specimen belongs to the same species as that described by Crawford in 1925 as
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<taxonomicName id="83948AEFFA9A2D7F1DCAE8CE265F23A1" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza kauaiensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kauaiensis">Trioza kauaiensis</taxonomicName>
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. Kirkaldy probably had a relatively broad concept of psyllid species (not being a specialist in this group), and he may not have had a good understanding of psyllid morphology because both the specimens and the illustration accompanying the original description (Plate IV, Fig. 2; and shown here in Fig. 21P) are females, not males as Kirkaldy thought them to be.
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<normalizedToken id="894D2AEE6918E140CA6E0886B6627A23" originalValue="Kirkaldy’s">Kirkaldy's</normalizedToken>
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other female specimen clearly fits the concept of
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<taxonomicName id="BFF241AE8D0B928707604DD45B2E0C64" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioza iolani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iolani">Trioza iolani</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="89DFFDACD8FD9E1E2A6BBAE3EDA4456E" author="Crawford, DL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="430 - 457" title="The jumping plant lice (Family Psyllidae) of the Hawaiian Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24607" volume="3" year="1918">Crawford (1918</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FBE6E8F5C37F33D1C45C2DD43B3270EB" author="Crawford, DL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 29" title="Notes on Hawaiian Psyllidae." volume="6" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<bibRefCitation id="B27D7DD838EB7561AFCEA423F0400DAE" author="Zimmerman, EC" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="11 - 38" title="Insects of Hawaii: Vol. V. Homoptera: Sternorhyncha: Superfamily Psylloidea" year="1948">Zimmerman (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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. Neither Crawford nor Zimmerman appear to have examined the BMNH type material, and Crawford only examined additional material collected by Kirkaldy from Oahu. Nevertheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="0EB0CFDA61785A97EB24F023A3BA1EE8" author="Zimmerman, EC" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="11 - 38" title="Insects of Hawaii: Vol. V. Homoptera: Sternorhyncha: Superfamily Psylloidea" year="1948">Zimmerman (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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correctly noted that the specimen from Kauai was the type for
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<taxonomicName id="C87D2E33BEF5234D5160C1D4A78BFA59" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea iolani" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="iolani">iolani</taxonomicName>
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, and with typical astuteness discerned,
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<normalizedToken id="371E2F59B035E30D16D8B97671D81626" originalValue="“…">"...</normalizedToken>
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some
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<pageBreakToken id="504D6994FD879484DC01960F43D47DEA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">confusion</pageBreakToken>
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regarding the identity of this species. It is generally thought of as one of the commonest psyllids on Oahu, yet the holotype was designated as a Kauai specimen. Further study might reveal that the Oahu form is a distinct species from the Kauai form".
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE7E4A520E5596F18E2E5014F712B20A" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Two forms are recognized on Kauai (Fig. 21): form
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<taxonomicName id="BB5B5BF7350454B95BB87D3AE52B8EF7" form="iolani" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea iolani" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="form" species="iolani">iolani</taxonomicName>
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(based on the type is more common, with paramere apex more extended and posterior shoulder rounded) (Fig. 21H), and form
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<taxonomicName id="C383A4F4BBD39EC2BA5A65BF3AB1E18C" form="scapulus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea scapulus" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="form" species="scapulus">scapulus</taxonomicName>
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(with paramere apex short and distinctly extended posterior shoulder) (Fig. 21L). More specimens and an investigation of the biology is required to establish if these are distinct species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378BF3D336A81B9FB37ECC58EDED584" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="25568B15C8D7D33DDCA4A987CBA0D841" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C2DAD130A569B1293BF5FECC0CE99E4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lectotype, female (dry mounted, BMNH). Syntype, female (dry mounted, BPBM). See Table 2 for details of type and other material examined for this study.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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