<documentid="2FA1779889129ED025C6C0D640F764E9"ID-CLB-Dataset="22081"ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.490"ID-GBIF-Dataset="52356089-4633-4477-99c9-45f18606f5b9"ID-Zenodo-Dep="3830845"ID-ZooBank="BE023137-CC5E-4DC5-94F6-B549BB140361"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina"checkinTime="1589637568005"checkinUser="valdenar"docAuthor="Koromyslova, Anna V., Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Riley, Matthew"docDate="2018"docId="03D587D7965EFF9FF31CF911FB61FA2C"docLanguage="en"docName="ejt-490_koromyslova_taylor_martha_riley.pdf.imf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 490"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Rhagasostoma rowei"docType="treatment"docVersion="13"lastPageNumber="50"masterDocId="FFECFFAF9676FFAEF12BFFD3FFE7FF87"masterDocTitle="Rhagasostoma (Bryozoa) from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia: taxonomic revision, stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography"masterLastPageNumber="66"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="41"updateTime="1737731558912"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="D283D3BB60A4ED4B143908A1BBE1593A">Rhagasostoma (Bryozoa) from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia: taxonomic revision, stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="B6646D5FF705EC5C5AE357EE67E1EFF8">Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Profsoyuznaya st. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseun, Sektion Marine Evertebraten III (Bryozoologie), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK.</mods:affiliation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965EFF86F269F910FC13F959"author="Brydone R. M."box="[834,1012,1731,1758]"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965EFF86F3B5F935FCC3F887"box="[670,804,1766,1792]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStart-2="Fig"captionStartId-0="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionStartId-1="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionStartId-2="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox-0="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetBox-1="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetBox-2="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId-0="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId-1="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId-2="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId-0="42"captionTargetPageId-1="44"captionTargetPageId-2="48"captionText-0="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."captionText-1="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."captionText-2="Fig.18.Rhagasostomarowei(Brydone,1906).A.SMF29932,earlyMaastrichtian,Rügen,Germany,overviewoferectbifoliatestem-likethendichotomouslybranchingcolony.B–C.SMF29925,earlyMaastrichtian,IslandofMøn,Denmark.B.Overviewoferectbifoliatestem-likethendichotomouslybranchingcolony.C.Opesiaandopesiulesofavicularium.D.SMF29933,lateMaastrichtian,formerbrickfactory,Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel,Germany,showingtheparallel-sidedbaseoferectbifoliatecolonywithrareavicularia.E.TsNIGRMuseum36/9757,lateMaastrichtian,Turkmenistan,Tuarkyr,showingtheparallel-sidedbaseoferectbifoliatecolonywithrareavicularia.F–H.Maastrichtian,Kazakhstan,MangyshlakPeninsula.F–G.PIN3421/1009.F.Erectbifoliatecolony,almostparallelsidedbutwideningdistally.G.Thewidestpartofthecolonyshowingautozooidsandnumerousavicularia.H.PIN3421/1008,showingautozooidswithlongcryptocystaltongues,andavicularia
<tableCitationid="C6FE037A965EFF86F21BF935FC72F887"box="[816,917,1766,1792]"captionStart="Table 10"captionStartId="45.[188,257,576,604]"captionTargetId="graphics@45.[285,1941,1182,1250]"captionTargetPageId="45"captionText="Table 10 (continued on next page). Summary of measurements of Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). For each parameter the range is given with the number of measurements in brackets. The arithmetic mean is given ± standard deviation. All measurements in µm."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036649965BFF83F197FD93F9CFFD07"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"tableUuid="DF036649965BFF83F197FD93F9CFFD07">Table 10</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965EFF86F0DCF8FBFD09F8C6"author="Hagenow F. von"box="[503,750,1831,1858]"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"pagination="252 - 296"refId="ref30677"refString="Hagenow F. von 1839. Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreideversteinerungen, I. Abtheilung: Phytolithen und Polyparien. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 7: 252 - 296."type="journal article"year="1839">Hagenow, 1839: 264</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965EFF86F083F899FD79F8E2"author="Eichwald E."box="[424,670,1866,1893]"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"refId="ref30174"refString="Eichwald E. 1865. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere section de la periode moyenne, contenant les vegetaux fossiles, les spongiaires, les coraux, les radiaires, les annelides, et le commencement des mollusques, V. II. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="journal volume"year="1865">Eichwald, 1865: 193</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965EFF86F044F8BDFDBBF80F"author="Brydone R. M."box="[367,604,1902,1928]"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906: 296</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965EFF86F0FFF87CFD49F84E"author="Marsson T."box="[468,686,1967,1993]"pageId="40"pageNumber="41"pagination="1 - 112"refId="ref31259"refString="Marsson T. 1887. Die Bryozoen der weissen Schreibkreide der Insel Rugen. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen 4: 1 - 112."type="journal article"year="1887">Marsson 1887: 69</bibRefCitation>
<treatmentCitationid="0ADD10D0965FFF87F0AEFED8FD8CFEA2"author="Brydone R. M."box="[389,619,267,293]"page="296"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"year="1906">
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F0AEFED8FD8CFEA2"author="Brydone R. M."box="[389,619,267,293]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone 1906: 296</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6. —
<treatmentCitationid="0ADD10D0965FFF87F3CDFED8FC2CFEA2"author="Brydone R. M."box="[742,971,267,293]"page="249"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"year="1913">
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F3CDFED8FC2CFEA2"author="Brydone R. M."box="[742,971,267,293]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="436 - 438"refId="ref29905"refString="Brydone R. M. 1913. Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 10 (10): 436 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 001675680012744 X"type="journal article"year="1913">Brydone 1913: 249</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F3B6FEFDFCC5FECE"author="Voigt E."box="[669,802,302,329]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="13 - 28"refId="ref32596"refString="Voigt E. 1925. Uber das Vorkommen von Bryozoen in Diluvialgesthieben und die Grundzuge ihrer Systematik. Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 1: 13 - 28."type="journal article"year="1925">Voigt 1925</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F098FE81FDBAFEEB"author="Brydone R. M."box="[435,605,338,364]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"refId="ref29975"refString="Brydone R. M. 1930. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part II. (Vincularia, Onychocella, Rhagasostoma, Porina, etc.). Dulau and Co., London."type="book"year="1930">Brydone 1930</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 28, fig. 3. —
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F20AFE81FC39FEEA"author="Voigt E."box="[801,990,338,365]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="379 - 579"refId="ref32623"refString="Voigt E. 1930. Morphologische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen uber die Bryozoenfauna der oberen Kreide. I. Teil. Die cheilostomen Bryozoen der jungeren Oberkreide in Nordwestdeutschland, im Baltikum und in Holland. Leopoldina: Berichte der Kaiserlich-Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher zu Halle 6: 379 - 579."type="journal article"year="1930">Voigt 1930: 455</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 15, fig. 11. —
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F584FE81FAA9FEEB"author="Voigt E."box="[1199,1358,338,365]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="1 - 80"refId="ref32735"refString="Voigt E. 1959. Revision der von F. v. Hagenow 1838 - 1850 aus der Schreibkreide von Rugen veroffentlichten Bryozoen. Geologie 8 (25): 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1959">Voigt 1959: 9</bibRefCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F1C1FEA6FE78FE08"author="Voigt E."box="[234,415,373,399]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967: 41</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 18, figs 2–3. —
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F3B0FEA6FC8CFE08"author="Favorskaya T. A."box="[667,875,373,399]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"refId="ref30528"refString="Favorskaya T. A. 1996. Pрakticiсkoi рukovodсtvo po мakрoфauнi Рoссii i сopрidiльныk tiррitoрiй [A Practical Handbook on the Macrofauna of Russia and Adjacent Territories: Bryozoans of the Mesocenozoic]. Oleynikov A. N. (ed). Ministerstvo prirodnich resursov RF i Vserossiyskiy Nauchno-issledovatelskiy Geologicheskiy Institut, St Petersburg."type="book"year="1996">Favorskaya 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 4, fig. 1. —
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F51DFEA6FACCFE08"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[1078,1323,373,399]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F09BFE68FD85FE52"author="Brydone R. M."box="[432,610,443,469]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"refId="ref29975"refString="Brydone R. M. 1930. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part II. (Vincularia, Onychocella, Rhagasostoma, Porina, etc.). Dulau and Co., London."type="book"year="1930">Brydone, 1930</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F3ACFE68FCD0FE51"author="Voigt E."box="[647,823,443,470]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967: 50</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F08EFE0DFDA8FE7F"author="Schubert T."box="[421,591,478,504]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert 1986</bibRefCitation>
pars: 39, pl. 3, figs 5–6, 8, pl. 5, figs 1–3, 6–8, pl. 8, fig. 1.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F0F3FD90FD64FDDA"author="Schubert T."box="[472,643,579,605]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert 1986</bibRefCitation>
pars: 39, pl. 3, fig. 7, pl. 5, figs 4–5, pl. 8, figs 2–3.
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F002FD2AFE73FC94"box="[297,404,761,787]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
; not figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F367FD2AFD10FC93"author="Brydone R. M."box="[588,759,761,788]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone 1906</bibRefCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F51AFC8DFB8BFCFF"box="[1073,1132,862,888]"country="0"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vkwr-xsej"name="University of Puget Sound, James R. Slater Museum of Natural History"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">PSM</collectionCode>
PSU 2/187 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F42FFC8DFA95FCFF"box="[1284,1394,862,888]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F017FC52FE16FC1C"author="Eichwald E."box="[316,497,897,923]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"refId="ref30231"refString="Eichwald E. 1868. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Atlas. Periode moyenne. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="book"year="1868">Eichwald 1868</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 8, fig. 9), MMI 15/49 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F207FC52FC70FC1C"box="[812,919,897,923]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F509FC52FB2BFC1B"author="Lahusen I. I."box="[1058,1228,897,924]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="221 - 277"refId="ref31104"refString="Lahusen I. I. 1873. Opiсaнii okaмiнiлoсtiй biлogo мiлa Сiмbiрсkoй gubiрнii [Description of the fossils of the White Chalk of Simbirsk province]. In: Nauchno-istoricheskiy sbornik, izdannyy Gornym institutom ko dnyu ego stoletnego yubileya, 21 oktyabrya 1873 goda: 221 - 277. Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, St Petersburg."type="journal article"year="1873">Lahusen 1873</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F52BFC10FBB6FC5A"box="[1024,1105,963,989]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
D–E; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F43AFC10FF1BFB87"author="Brydone R. M."pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="436 - 438"refId="ref29905"refString="Brydone R. M. 1913. Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 10 (10): 436 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 001675680012744 X"type="journal article"year="1913">Brydone 1913</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 8, fig. 12), B36697 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F331FC35FD8AFB87"box="[538,621,998,1024]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
<specimenCodeid="DBDA9EBA965FFF87F0B3FB98FDEDFBE2"box="[408,522,1099,1125]"collectionCode="PIN"country="Russia"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5"name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">PIN 2922</specimenCode>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F365FB98FD5CFBE2"box="[590,699,1099,1125]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F26DFB98FBDEFBE2"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[838,1081,1099,1125]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F214FB5FFC9DFB21"box="[831,890,1164,1190]"collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg"country="Germany"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">SMF</collectionCode>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F2F1FB5FFBCAFB21"box="[986,1069,1164,1190]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F081FB22FDF2FA8C"box="[426,533,1265,1291]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F38BFB22FC89FA8C"author="Favorskaya T. A."box="[672,878,1265,1291]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"refId="ref30528"refString="Favorskaya T. A. 1996. Pрakticiсkoi рukovodсtvo po мakрoфauнi Рoссii i сopрidiльныk tiррitoрiй [A Practical Handbook on the Macrofauna of Russia and Adjacent Territories: Bryozoans of the Mesocenozoic]. Oleynikov A. N. (ed). Ministerstvo prirodnich resursov RF i Vserossiyskiy Nauchno-issledovatelskiy Geologicheskiy Institut, St Petersburg."type="book"year="1996">Favorskaya 1996</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F5F4FAE1FAD0FACB"box="[1247,1335,1330,1356]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
D–E; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F011FA86FE58FAE8"author="Voigt E."box="[314,447,1365,1391]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F422FA86FA95FAF7"box="[1289,1394,1365,1392]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
; figured byVoigt 1967: pl. 18, fig. 2) • Western Kopetdag; late Maastrichtian;
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F1EDFA4FFEC0FA31"box="[198,295,1436,1462]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18I</figureCitation>
; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F099FA4FFDD0FA31"author="Voigt E."box="[434,567,1436,1462]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967</bibRefCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F590FA0DFB0DFA7F"box="[1211,1258,1502,1528]"country="Russia"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5"name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">PIN</collectionCode>
5502/3051 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F1EDF9D3FEF1F99C"box="[198,278,1536,1563]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F2B3F9D2FC20F99C"box="[920,967,1537,1563]"country="Russia"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5"name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">PIN</collectionCode>
3421/1009 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F571F9D3FB4BF99C"box="[1114,1196,1536,1563]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
F–G), 3421/1008 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F1EDF9F7FED7F9B9"box="[198,304,1572,1598]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18H</figureCitation>
) • Northern Aral Sea Region; Maastrichtian;
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F26FF9F7FC94F9B9"box="[836,883,1572,1598]"country="Russia"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5"name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">PIN</collectionCode>
5502/3050 (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F523F9F7FB8DF9B9"box="[1032,1130,1572,1598]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18J</figureCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965FFF87F267F9B6FC60F9F8"box="[844,903,1637,1663]"collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg"country="Germany"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">SMF</collectionCode>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F2DEF9B6FBA9F9F8"box="[1013,1102,1637,1663]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F5D6F9B6FA8AF9F8"box="[1277,1389,1637,1663]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F5ADF95BFB14F925"box="[1158,1267,1672,1698]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitationid="13472A44965FFF87F285F919FBE6F963"box="[942,1025,1738,1764]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="41"pageNumber="42">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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2922/200 (figured by
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: pl. 9, fig. 1), 2922/201 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F1CAF8A5FE33F817"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[225,468,1910,1936]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 1c), 2922/208 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F25FF8A5FB80F817"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[884,1127,1910,1936]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 7), 2922/210 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F067F84AFDA5F834"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[332,578,1945,1971]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 3, text-figs 1a, b, 2), 2922/223 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F5FCF84AFEEEF850"author="Koromyslova A. V."pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965FFF87F24BF86FFBB5F850"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[864,1106,1980,2007]"pageId="41"pageNumber="42"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 4, text-fig. 4e), 2922/226 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F095FED8FD55FEA2"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[446,690,267,293]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 4d), 2922/227, 2922/234 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F5FCFED8FEEEFECE"author="Koromyslova A. V."pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 1d), 2922/231, 2922/255 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F264FEFCFBAFFECE"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[847,1096,303,329]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 4ac), 2922/256 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F063FE81FDDAFEEB"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[328,573,338,364]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 4h), 2922/257 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F2CCFE81FB3BFEEB"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[999,1244,338,364]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 4f), 2922/268, 2922/279 (figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F312FEA5FCCAFE17"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[569,813,374,400]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965CFF84F31CFA2EFD17F99F"author="Brydone R. M."box="[567,752,1533,1560]"pageId="42"pageNumber="43"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965CFF84F55EF9F3FAD6F9BD"author="Eichwald E."box="[1141,1329,1568,1594]"pageId="42"pageNumber="43"refId="ref30231"refString="Eichwald E. 1868. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Atlas. Periode moyenne. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="book"year="1868">Eichwald (1868</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965CFF84F326F990FD2FF9D9"author="Eichwald E."box="[525,712,1603,1630]"pageId="42"pageNumber="43"refId="ref30174"refString="Eichwald E. 1865. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere section de la periode moyenne, contenant les vegetaux fossiles, les spongiaires, les coraux, les radiaires, les annelides, et le commencement des mollusques, V. II. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="journal volume"year="1865">Eichwald, 1865</bibRefCitation>
, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia.
. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965CFF84F551F95AFACAF923"author="Lahusen I. I."box="[1146,1325,1673,1700]"pageId="42"pageNumber="43"pagination="221 - 277"refId="ref31104"refString="Lahusen I. I. 1873. Opiсaнii okaмiнiлoсtiй biлogo мiлa Сiмbiрсkoй gubiрнii [Description of the fossils of the White Chalk of Simbirsk province]. In: Nauchno-istoricheskiy sbornik, izdannyy Gornym institutom ko dnyu ego stoletnego yubileya, 21 oktyabrya 1873 goda: 221 - 277. Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, St Petersburg."type="journal article"year="1873">Lahusen (1873</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965CFF84F325F97EFD2EF94F"author="Eichwald E."box="[526,713,1709,1736]"pageId="42"pageNumber="43"refId="ref30174"refString="Eichwald E. 1865. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere section de la periode moyenne, contenant les vegetaux fossiles, les spongiaires, les coraux, les radiaires, les annelides, et le commencement des mollusques, V. II. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="journal volume"year="1865">Eichwald, 1865</bibRefCitation>
; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony.
. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm.
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5502/3052 to 3055 • Mangyshlak Peninsula; Maastrichtian;
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<specimenCodeid="DBDA9EBA965DFF85F338FD9BFDBBFDE5"box="[531,604,584,610]"collectionCode="SMF"country="Germany"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">29938</specimenCode>
<collectionCodeid="ED6DAE04965DFF85F196FDB8FF1FFD02"box="[189,248,619,645]"collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg"country="Germany"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838"name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">SMF</collectionCode>
Colony rigidly erect, bifoliate, multiserial, branches 2.0–10.0 mm wide. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed. Colony formed by pyriform and ovate autozooids and vicarious avicularia. Autozooids subrectangular with rounded distal ends; zooidal boundaries raised. Pyriform autozooids with a narrow proximal end, widening distally, the widening usually starting from the proximal margin of the opesia. In ovate autozooids, the proximal end is partly overlapped by the avicularian rostrum and the autozooid begins to widen considerably below the proximal margin of the opesia, usually at the boundary with an avicularium. Gymnocyst lacking. Cryptocyst slightly granulated, slightly depressed centrally and occupying half or more of the frontal surface of the autozooid, peripheral caverns lacking. Opesia terminal or subterminal. Opesial rim elevated, formed by projecting cryptocyst, bell-shaped due to small lateral projections (occlusor lamina) and opesiular indentations, between which there is a short or long, tongue-like projection of cryptocyst (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F5D5FB91FF1FFB07"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Figs 16A, C, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F02CFBB5FEDAFB07"box="[263,317,1126,1152]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">17G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F066FBB5FE8DFB07"box="[333,362,1126,1152]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">18</figureCitation>
H–I), often broken, in which case the opesiular indentations are poorly defined and the proximal edge of the opesia is almost straight. In the complete absence of lateral projections and tongue the opesiae are subcircular (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F351FB7FFD30FB40"box="[634,727,1196,1223]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Figs 17</figureCitation>
C–E, H, 18A–B, D–G). Distal walls with two septula (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F1EDFB03FEDCFB6C"box="[198,315,1232,1259]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Fig. 16H</figureCitation>
); septula in lateral walls not observed. Ovicells immersed, ooecia vestigial formed by the distal zooid, vizor-like, with slightly granulated surface, not protruding above colony surface (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F1EEFAC4FEDAFAB6"box="[197,317,1303,1329]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Figs 16G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F066FAC4FE29FAB6"box="[333,462,1303,1329]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">17C, E, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F0F4FAC4FDD5FAB6"box="[479,562,1303,1329]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">18G, I</figureCitation>
). Avicularia vicarious, rhomboidal. Rostrum conical in outline and symmetrical, usually with straight lateral walls; indentations or projections present at the rostral base. Three
of avicularia differing mainly in the length of the rostrum and rostral apex which partly overlaps the proximal end of the distal autozooid: avicularia with long rostra and long troughlike apices (
); and avicularia with rostra without projecting apices. Proximal part short, narrowing downwards, with convex lateral sides. Entire frontal surface of avicularium occupied by a fragile, slightly granulated cryptocyst containing five openings: two small, subcircular openings, distally and proximally, in between three slit-like, parallel openings (
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F3E9F9E1FCCCF9CA"box="[706,811,1586,1613]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Figs 17I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13472A44965DFF85F212F9E0FC96F9CA"box="[825,881,1587,1613]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">18G</figureCitation>
). Cryptocyst between openings frequently destroyed causing them to coalesce into a single opening of variable outline. Intramural reparative budding of autozooids and closure plates not observed. Intramural reparative budding of avicularia may be present in some or all avicularia depending on the colony (see
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965DFF85F522F94EFAE4F930"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[1033,1283,1693,1719]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
), they are observed within host avicularia, numbering as many as three intramural buds, all apparently having the same polarity as the host avicularium.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8BC336C1965DFF85F196F8FAFE5DF829"blockId="43.[189,1398,1833,1966]"pageId="43"pageNumber="44">Kenozooids not observed. Both the inner and outer sides of branches of colonies show concentrations of autozooids in which the opesiae are subcircular and the proximal part is shortened or completely absent, and deformed avicularia that are irregularly ovate to rhomboidal in shape and possess an elongated opening at the centre.</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965AFF82F31BF9B8FD00F901"author="Brydone R. M."box="[560,743,1643,1670]"pageId="44"pageNumber="45"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B30965BFF83F5FFFD93FA6EFDDB"author="Brydone R. M."box="[1236,1417,576,604]"pageId="45"pageNumber="46"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. For each parameter the range is given with the number of measurements in brackets. The arithmetic mean is given ± standard deviation. All measurements in µm.
<emphasisid="B908EAD3965BFF83F0A8FD06FDE6FC0E"bold="true"pageId="45"pageNumber="46">Southern North Sea Basin Late Campanian to early Maastrichtian Norfolk, Harmignies near Mons</emphasis>
<emphasisid="B908EAD3965BFF83F59DFD1AFAC1FC0E"bold="true"pageId="45"pageNumber="46">North Ust-Yurt–Aral Basin Late Campanian to Maastrichtian Emba River, Aral Sea Region</emphasis>
<emphasisid="B908EAD3965BFF83F740FD06F94BFC0E"bold="true"pageId="45"pageNumber="46">Tethys Late Campanian to Maastrichtian Tuarkyr, West Kopetdag</emphasis>
<emphasisid="B908EAD39658FF80F0A8FC41FDE6FBC0"bold="true"pageId="46"pageNumber="47">Southern North Sea Basin Late Campanian to early Maastrichtian Norfolk, Harmignies near Mons</emphasis>
<emphasisid="B908EAD39658FF80F59DFC54FAC1FBC0"bold="true"pageId="46"pageNumber="47">North Ust-Yurt–Aral Basin Late Campanian to Maastrichtian Emba River, Aral Sea Region</emphasis>
<emphasisid="B908EAD39658FF80F740FC41F94BFBC0"bold="true"pageId="46"pageNumber="47">Tethys Late Campanian to Maastrichtian Tuarkyr, West Kopetdag</emphasis>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F089FEEAFDB9FED3"author="Eichwald E."box="[418,606,313,340]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"refId="ref30174"refString="Eichwald E. 1865. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere section de la periode moyenne, contenant les vegetaux fossiles, les spongiaires, les coraux, les radiaires, les annelides, et le commencement des mollusques, V. II. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="journal volume"year="1865">Eichwald, 1865</bibRefCitation>
from the Late Cretaceous of Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk,
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F57DFE8EFB0AFEF0"author="Voigt E."box="[1110,1261,348,375]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt (1967)</bibRefCitation>
. Voigt, who examined the Eichwald Collection housed at the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Museum at the Faculty of Geology,
(PSM PSU 2/187 and PSM PSU 2/188) could not be found during our visit to the collections. However, a photograph of the specimen made by Prof. E. Voigt in 1963 is reproduced here (
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F592FDE3FACDFDCC"box="[1209,1322,560,587]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
). This species was redescribed by I.I.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F302FD80FD05FDEA"author="Lahusen I. I."box="[553,738,595,621]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="221 - 277"refId="ref31104"refString="Lahusen I. I. 1873. Opiсaнii okaмiнiлoсtiй biлogo мiлa Сiмbiрсkoй gubiрнii [Description of the fossils of the White Chalk of Simbirsk province]. In: Nauchno-istoricheskiy sbornik, izdannyy Gornym institutom ko dnyu ego stoletnego yubileya, 21 oktyabrya 1873 goda: 221 - 277. Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, St Petersburg."type="journal article"year="1873">Lahusen (1873)</bibRefCitation>
whose collection is stored in the Museum of the Mining Institute,
(MMI 15/49) could not be examined using SEM, but a microphotograph is shown instead (
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F380FD4AFCFFFD33"box="[683,792,665,692]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F1C8FD33FE4FFD7C"author="Eichwald E."box="[227,424,736,763]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"refId="ref30174"refString="Eichwald E. 1865. Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere section de la periode moyenne, contenant les vegetaux fossiles, les spongiaires, les coraux, les radiaires, les annelides, et le commencement des mollusques, V. II. Librairie et Imprimerie de E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart."type="journal volume"year="1865">Eichwald (1865)</bibRefCitation>
was not completely identical with his samples. Our findings show that the sample described by Lahusen is conspecific with
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F0E8FCBBFD63FC04"author="Schubert T."box="[451,644,872,899]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
has bell-shaped autozooidal opesia because of the small lateral projections and opesiular indentations separated by a short projecting tongue of cryptocyst. Opesia with a straight or rounded proximal edges are formed when the lateral projections and cryptocystal tongue become brokenoff. When the cryptocyst located between the opesiules in autozooids of
We have restudied the type material from the collections of R.M. Brydone and also material from the collections of I.I. Lahusen, E. Voigt and T.A. Favorskaya. The specimens labelled as
is characterized by colonies that widen distally with numerous avicularia. The large number of avicularia is due to the fact that avicularia occur at the start of the new zooidal rows needed to widen the branches. From these avicularia, ovate autozooids are budded distally, from which in turn pyriform autozooids are budded (
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F553F9CDFA8DF9BF"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[1144,1386,1566,1592]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F586F992FAF0F9DC"box="[1197,1303,1601,1627]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
; figured by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F1CAF9B7FE80F9F9"author="Voigt E."box="[225,359,1636,1662]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967</bibRefCitation>
and many other specimens in having almost parallel-sided branches and rare avicularia. Additionally, some large colonies are almost parallel-sided at the base with rare avicularia but widen distally where numerous avicularia are present (
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F5F4F979FAD1F942"box="[1247,1334,1706,1733]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="44.[189,232,1643,1669]"captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetId="figure@44.[276,1312,265,1589]"captionTargetPageId="44"captionText="Fig. 17. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. SMF 29924, late Campanian, Harmignies near Mons, Belgium. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Autozooids and avicularia. C. TsNIGR Museum 26/12939, late Campanian, Cibicidoides voltzianus Zone, Uzbekistan, southern Aral Sea Region, erect bifoliate colony showing ovicellate (ooecia arrowed) and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. D–E. TsNIGR Museum 35/9757, late Campanian, western Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. D. Erect bifoliate colony. E. Ovicellate autozooids (some ooecia arrowed) and avicularia. F–G. PIN 5502/3051, late Campanian (Belemnitella lanceolata Zone), Kazakhstan, Emba River. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H–I. SMF 29931, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany. H. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like colony. I. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C–E, G = 1 mm; F = 2 mm; B, H = 300 µm; I = 100 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582063"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582063/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Figs 17</figureCitation>
A–B, 18F–G). It can be assumed that the samples described by
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309659FF81F2AAF91DFBFDF96E"author="Voigt E."box="[897,1050,1742,1769]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt (1967)</bibRefCitation>
and other similar specimens (
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F1EDF922FED3F88C"box="[198,308,1777,1803]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="48.[189,232,1535,1561]"captionTargetBox="[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetId="figure@48.[269,1318,267,1498]"captionTargetPageId="48"captionText="Fig. 18. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A. SMF 29932, early Maastrichtian, Rügen, Germany, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. B–C. SMF 29925, early Maastrichtian, Island of Møn, Denmark. B. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C. Opesia and opesiules of avicularium. D. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. E. TsNIGR Museum 36/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, Tuarkyr, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia. F–H. Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, Mangyshlak Peninsula. F–G. PIN 3421/1009. F. Erect bifoliate colony, almost parallelsided but widening distally. G. The widest part of the colony showing autozooids and numerous avicularia. H. PIN 3421/1008, showing autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. I. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia. J. PIN 5502/3050, Maastrichtian, Kazakhstan, northern Aral Sea Region, showing autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A–B, D, H, J = 1 mm; C = 100 µm; E–G = 2 mm; I = 500 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830883"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830883/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
) were broken-off from the bases of such colonies and hence have few avicularia. Ovate autozooids, which are budded from avicularia, are also rare and often poorly expressed. Obviously,
was usually characterized by stem-like colonies, which are almost parallel-sided at the base and have few avicularia, but become fan-like distally where numerous avicularia are present. Furthermore, colonies of this species can occasionally have bifurcating branches (
<figureCitationid="13472A449659FF81F2CFF8ADFBDAF81F"box="[996,1085,1918,1944]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="42.[189,231,1533,1559]"captionTargetBox="[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetId="figure@42.[267,1320,265,1497]"captionTargetPageId="42"captionText="Fig. 16. Rhagasostoma rowei (Brydone, 1906). A–B. Late Cretaceous, Ulyanovsk Region, Russian Federation. A. PSM PSU 2/187, this specimen, which is the original figured by E. Eichwald (1868: pl. 8, fig. 9) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865, could not be traced but is represented by this photograph taken by E. Voigt in 1963; overview of part of erect bifoliate colony showing autozooids and avicularia. B. MMI 15/49, the specimen from Yazykov, which is the original figured by I.I. Lahusen (1873: pl. 4, fig. 4) as Eschara volgensis Eichwald, 1865; overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. C–G. Early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone), Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. C. Holotype, SM B36113, overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. D–E. Paratype, SM B36260. D. Overview of fan-like part of bifoliate colony. E.Autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SM B36697, specimen labelled as O. mimosa from the Brydone Collection. F. Overview of erect bifoliate stem-like then dichotomously branching colony. G. Non-ovicellate and two ovicellate (in the left lower corner) autozooids and avicularia. H. 2922/204, from an erratic block of?late Campanian age in a quarry near Hrodna/Grodno (Гродна/Гродно), Grodno Region, Belarus, view of undersides of zooidal frontal walls. Scale bars: A–B without scale bars; C–D, F = 1 mm; E, G = 200 µm; H = 300 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830879"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830879/files/figure.png"pageId="47"pageNumber="48">Figs 16</figureCitation>
B–C, F, 18A–B, F). Entire colonies are rare and usually we can see only a small part of colonies, which were broken-off.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309646FF9EF302FA2CFD39F99D"author="Brydone R. M."box="[553,734,1535,1562]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"pagination="289 - 300"refId="ref29857"refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321"type="journal article"year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
. SMF 29933, late Maastrichtian, former brick factory, Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel, Germany, showing the parallel-sided base of erect bifoliate colony with rare avicularia.
. TsNIGR Museum 32/9757, late Maastrichtian, Turkmenistan, western Kopetdag, showing ovicellate (arrows) and non-ovicellate autozooids with long cryptocystal tongues, and avicularia.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF196FED8FE66FEA1"author="Schubert T."box="[189,385,267,294]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
Basin differs considerably from the northern Chalk Sea bryofauna. In his synonymy list and in his remarks,
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF2FBFEA6FB70FE17"author="Schubert T."box="[976,1175,373,400]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
placed, following
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF196FE4BFEB9FE35"author="Voigt E."box="[189,350,408,434]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="379 - 579"refId="ref32623"refString="Voigt E. 1930. Morphologische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen uber die Bryozoenfauna der oberen Kreide. I. Teil. Die cheilostomen Bryozoen der jungeren Oberkreide in Nordwestdeutschland, im Baltikum und in Holland. Leopoldina: Berichte der Kaiserlich-Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher zu Halle 6: 379 - 579."type="journal article"year="1930">Voigt (1930)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF05BFE4BFDADFE35"author="Marsson T."box="[368,586,408,434]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="1 - 112"refId="ref31259"refString="Marsson T. 1887. Die Bryozoen der weissen Schreibkreide der Insel Rugen. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen 4: 1 - 112."type="journal article"year="1887">Marsson’s (1887)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF5EFFE4BFA90FE34"author="Voigt E."box="[1220,1399,408,435]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="13 - 28"refId="ref32596"refString="Voigt E. 1925. Uber das Vorkommen von Bryozoen in Diluvialgesthieben und die Grundzuge ihrer Systematik. Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 1: 13 - 28."type="journal article"year="1925">Voigt’s (1925)</bibRefCitation>
. However, this material is derived from the early Maastrichtian of Rügen (
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF31FFE0CFD02FE7E"author="Marsson T."box="[564,741,479,505]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="1 - 112"refId="ref31259"refString="Marsson T. 1887. Die Bryozoen der weissen Schreibkreide der Insel Rugen. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen 4: 1 - 112."type="journal article"year="1887">Marsson 1887</bibRefCitation>
) and the late Maastrichtian of the ‘Blue Hills’ (Blaue Berge) in eastern
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF30FFDD1FD53FD9A"author="Voigt E."box="[548,692,514,541]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="13 - 28"refId="ref32596"refString="Voigt E. 1925. Uber das Vorkommen von Bryozoen in Diluvialgesthieben und die Grundzuge ihrer Systematik. Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 1: 13 - 28."type="journal article"year="1925">Voigt 1925</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF304FD9BFD14FDE4"author="Schubert T."box="[559,755,584,611]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
labelled “Royan”, this locality has to be deleted from the distribution list of
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF196FD7EFE67FD4F"author="Schubert T."box="[189,384,685,712]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously considered all material from Møns Klint in eastern
as late Maastrichtian. However, no sediments from the late Maastrichtian crop out at Møns Klint (cf.
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF5DCFD03FEDCFC8A"author="Mutterlose J. & Bornemann A. & Rauer S. & Spaeth C. & Wood C. J."pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="1 - 231"refId="ref31660"refString="Mutterlose J., Bornemann A., Rauer S., Spaeth C. & Wood C. J. 1998. Key localities of the northwest European Cretaceous. Bochumer geologische und geotechnische Arbeiten 48: 1 - 231."type="journal article"year="1998">
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF3A5FD20FCABFC89"author="Schubert T."box="[654,844,755,782]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert (1986)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF590FCE6FEDAFCF5"author="Koromyslova A. V. & Baraboshkin E. Y. & Martha S. O."pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="307 - 333"refId="ref30979"refString="Koromyslova A. V., Baraboshkin E. Y. & Martha S. O. 2018 a. Late Campanian to late Maastrichtian bryozoans encrusting on belemnite rostra from the Aktolagay Plateau in western Kazakhstan. Geobios 51: 307 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2018.06.001"type="journal article"year="2018">
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF55CFC38FACDFB81"author="Schubert T."box="[1143,1322,1003,1030]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="3 - 83"refId="ref32104"refString="Schubert T. 1986. Parallele Merkmalsentwicklung der Bryozoen-Arten von Woodipora Jullien 1888 im Coniacium bis Maastrichtium NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 98: 3 - 83."type="journal article"year="1986">Schubert 1986</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF0AAFBE2FD94FBCB"author="Koromyslova A. V."box="[385,627,1073,1100]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="275 - 286"refId="ref30825"refString="Koromyslova A. V. 2014 a. Morphological features and systematic position of the bryozoans Onychocella rowei and O. mimosa (Cheilostomata) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus). Paleontological Journal 48 (3): 275 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030114030137"type="journal article"year="2014">Koromyslova 2014a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFED4B309647FF9FF06CFB86FE2CFBE8"author="Voigt E."box="[327,459,1108,1135]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"pagination="5 - 95"refId="ref32804"refString="Voigt E. 1967. Oberkreide-Bryozoen aus den asiatischen Gebieten der UdSSR. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 36: 5 - 95."type="journal article"year="1967">Voigt 1967</bibRefCitation>
: southern Aral Sea Region, Republic of Karakalpakstan (
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