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<document id="F075A4B06337EEA8E4D4F16B56E51C04" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifera Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8204788AB77319D6AB922E95A834E5F0">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10B333E0FBEB0B1687295B3825602AC0">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="11FE62806882E0E8EE9E8B0085FDCB3C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="50C41CCBF44B214FC57CE46CA79FDFE6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698571" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698571" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774DFFB6FF14A56F9149F9A5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A56F9317F984" blockId="26.[151,874,1540,1599]" box="[151,874,1540,1566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0F6066A774DFFB6FF14A56F9317F984" bold="true" box="[151,874,1540,1566]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774DFFB6FF14A56F9317F984" ID-CoL="3JC7N" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,874,1540,1566]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifera" subGenus="Gellius">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A56F9317F984" bold="true" box="[151,874,1540,1566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A56F91FCF984" bold="true" box="[151,385,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Haliclona (Gellius)</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FE3AA56F9243F984" bold="true" box="[441,574,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">flagellifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FDCEA56F931FF984" author="Ridley" box="[589,866,1540,1566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A54D9149F9A5" blockId="26.[151,874,1540,1599]" box="[151,308,1574,1599]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774DFFB6FF14A54D9170F9A5" box="[151,269,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 16</figureCitation>
a–e
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774DFFB6FF14A50492FDF939" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A5049108F91F" blockId="26.[151,1110,1647,1761]" box="[151,373,1647,1669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Restricted synonymy:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A5E692FDF939" blockId="26.[151,1110,1647,1761]" box="[151,640,1677,1699]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628774DFFB6FF14A5E692FDF939" box="[151,640,1677,1699]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774DFFB6FF14A5E69172F939" box="[151,271,1677,1699]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacellidae" genus="Desmacella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A5E69172F939" box="[151,271,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Desmacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717774DFFB6FEB4A5E6918EF939" author="Schmidt" box="[311,499,1677,1699]" page="53" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FEB4A5E691B2F939" author="Schmidt" box="[311,463,1677,1699]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 53
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. V fig. 15.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774DFFB6FF14A5C69359F97B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A5C69359F97B" blockId="26.[151,1110,1647,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628774DFFB6FF14A5C69359F97B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A5C690D9F958" box="[151,164,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774DFFB6FF29A5C79202F958" ID-CoL="3FJVV" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 333" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="333" authorityYear="1886" box="[170,639,1708,1730]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifer">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF29A5C79120F958" box="[170,349,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gellius flagellifer</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717774DFFB6FEE7A5C79202F958" author="Ridley" box="[356,639,1708,1730]" page="333" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FEE7A5C79231F958" author="Ridley" box="[356,588,1708,1730]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 333
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717774DFFB6FD0AA5C793EEF958" author="Ridley" box="[649,915,1708,1730]" page="42" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FD0AA5C79310F958" author="Ridley" box="[649,877,1708,1730]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i - lxviii, 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 42
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. XIII figs 5, 10.
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774DFFB6FF14A5A0910EF97B" ID-CoL="3JC7N" box="[151,371,1739,1761]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifera">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A5A0910EF97B" box="[151,371,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Haliclona flagellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717774DFFB6FE03A5A7923AF97B" author="Van" box="[384,583,1739,1761]" page="25" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FE03A5A7925CF97B" author="Van" box="[384,545,1739,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
; De
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717774DFFB6FDF6A5A09362F97B" author="Weerd" box="[629,799,1739,1761]" page="64" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774DFFB6FDF6A5A09287F97B" author="Weerd" box="[629,762,1739,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50 (1), 1 - 67. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 548738 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2000">Weerd, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 64
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774DFFB6FF14A466942DF8D0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF14A466942DF8D0" blockId="26.[151,1437,1805,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B774DFFB6FF14A4669436F8D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726398" collectingDate="1969-04-16" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="130" latitude="7.3083" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.1667" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF14A46691F9F8BC" bold="true" box="[151,388,1805,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C3774DFFB6FE0DA465919FF8BF" box="[398,482,1806,1829]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9783, 9851, 9921,
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774DFFB6FC81A466930DF8BC" box="[770,880,1805,1830]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774DFFB6FC00A4659436F8BC" box="[899,1099,1806,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774DFFB6FBF1A46594B4F8BC" box="[1138,1225,1806,1830]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station M97,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1774DFFB6FEA8A45991E5F8D0" box="[299,408,1842,1866]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="5" value="7.3083">7.3083°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1774DFFB6FE1CA45A9262F8D0" box="[415,543,1841,1866]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="5" value="-54.1667">54.1667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE3774DFFB6FDF3A45992C4F8D3" box="[624,697,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="130.0">
<elevation id="002C5635774DFFB6FDF3A45992C4F8D3" box="[624,697,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom coarse sand,
<date id="FFBF97C6774DFFB6FC28A45A9436F8D0" box="[939,1099,1841,1866]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1969-04-16">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E774DFFB6FC28A45A9436F8D0" box="[939,1099,1841,1866]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1969-04-16">16 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774DFFB7FF44A43E940DFA0A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774DFFB6FF44A43E9460F840" blockId="26.[151,1437,1805,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774DFFB6FF44A43E9124F8F4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1877,1902]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774DFFB6FEEEA43E91B9F8F4" box="[365,452,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
a) Encrusting with lobes and upright lamellar projections. The three samples were obtained from the same station, but were disintegrated in small cm-sized fragments making it difficult to describe the overall shape in more detail. The surface is irregular, punctate, with small oscules elevated on low cushions. The color (in alcohol) is pinkish light brown. The consistency is soft and fragile.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7EE18E774CFFB7FF14A76A91D0FBCE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF14A76A91D0FBCE" blockId="27.[151,1435,1025,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF14A76A9167FB8C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1025,1047]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FEAAA76A918DFB8D" authority="(Gellius)" baseAuthorityName="Gellius" box="[297,496,1025,1047]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FEAAA76A918DFB8D" box="[297,496,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Haliclona (Gellius)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FD9FA76A93C6FB8D" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[540,955,1025,1047]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifera">
aff.
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FDC5A76A92CAFB8D" box="[582,695,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">flagellifera</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c–e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF44A71094CFFB41" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF44A7109148FB0E" bold="true" box="[199,309,1147,1172]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774CFFB7FEC6A71091EBFB0E" box="[325,406,1147,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
b) The choanosome shows a loose reticulation of ascending tracts which have 2–3 spicules and interconnecting single spicules, but overall the skeleton is rather confused without binding spongin. The surface skeleton is unispicular, but it is discontinuous where there are large subdermal spaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF44A78C93CFFA9A" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" box="[199,946,1255,1280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF44A78C914DFA9A" bold="true" box="[199,304,1255,1280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774CFFB7FEBCA78C91F2FA9A" box="[319,399,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
c–e) Oxeas, flagellated sigmas, ‘normal’ sigmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF14A6679415FABE" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" box="[151,1128,1291,1316]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774CFFB7FF6FA6609143FABE" box="[236,318,1291,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
c), slightly curved, elongated-fusiform, 226–
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FCB1A6679321FABE" box="[818,860,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">319</emphasis>
–358
<date id="FFBF97C6774CFFB7FC18A66793B4FABE" box="[923,969,1292,1316]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-10">x 11</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FC5AA6679477FABE" box="[985,1034,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">12.7</emphasis>
–14 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF14A6449563FAF6" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Flagellated sigmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774CFFB7FEFAA64491B6FAD2" box="[377,459,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
d), strongly assymetrical, with the shorter apex angularly incurved and the longer apex at first curving in and at the end curving out again, longer axis 72–
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FC02A63F93D6FAF6" box="[897,939,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">109</emphasis>
–159, shorter axis 51–
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FB27A63894BDFAF6" box="[1188,1216,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">63</emphasis>
–75 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF14A61C940DFA0A" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" box="[151,1136,1399,1424]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Normal sigmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83774CFFB7FED3A61C91DFFA0A" box="[336,418,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1003]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
e), symmetrical, with slightly incurving apices, 42–
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FC62A613946FFA0A" box="[993,1042,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">51.5</emphasis>
–56 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774CFFB7FF44A6F095E1FA4D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF44A6F095E1FA4D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF44A6F09185FA2E" bold="true" box="[199,504,1435,1460]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774CFFB7FD81A6F79224FA2E" box="[514,601,1436,1460]" name="Guyana" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf,
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE4774CFFB7FD2DA6F0937FFA2E" box="[686,770,1435,1460]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774CFFB7FC93A6F09327FA2E" box="[784,858,1435,1460]" name="Belize" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE4774CFFB7FC93A6F09327FA2E" box="[784,858,1435,1460]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Belize</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, elsewhere reported from all over the world (
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA4774CFFB7FAE9A6F795E1FA2E" box="[1386,1436,1436,1460]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality is Marion
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774CFFB7FEE7A6D491D5FA42" box="[356,424,1471,1496]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Island</collectingCountry>
in the
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE4774CFFB7FE77A6D49224FA42" box="[500,601,1471,1496]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Southern</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean), depth in the region:
<quantity id="4CF91CE3774CFFB7FC68A6AB9423FA4D" box="[1003,1118,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="20.0">20–410 m</quantity>
, elsewhere down to
<quantity id="4CF91CE3774CFFB7FAC2A6AB95E5FA4D" box="[1345,1432,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.378" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1378.0">1378 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D774CFFB7FF44A6889497F812" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF44A688926FF962" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF44A6889146FA66" bold="true" box="[199,315,1507,1532]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
This very characteristic species comprises most likely a species complex, because the published records encompass an almost cosmopolitan distribution: e.g. the
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE4774CFFB7FC0EA56C938FF9BA" box="[909,1010,1543,1568]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Southern</collectingRegion>
Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FBDBA56C951FF9BA" author="Ridley" box="[1112,1378,1543,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886</bibRefCitation>
), the Arctic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FEBEA54091ACF9DE" author="Lambe" box="[317,465,1579,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1896) Sponges from the Atlantic coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, section 2, (2) 2, 181 - 211." type="journal article" year="1896">Lambe 1896</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FE5DA54092EEF9DE" author="Lundbeck" box="[478,659,1579,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck 1902</bibRefCitation>
), Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FCCCA540939DF9DE" author="Dendy" box="[847,992,1579,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, Volume 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, (2) 18 (1), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FC6EA5479403F9DE" author="Burton" box="[1005,1150,1580,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Burton, M. (1928) Report on some deep-sea sponges from the Indian Museum collected by R. I. M. S. ' Investigator'. Part II. Tetraxonida (concluded) and Euceratosa. Records of the Indian Museum, 30 (1), 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1928">Burton 1928</bibRefCitation>
), Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FACBA54090AEF9F2" author="Vacelet" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la roche du large et de l'etage bathyal de Mediterranee (Recoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie), 59 (2), 145 - 219." type="journal article" year="1969">Vacelet 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FF5EA52491BDF9F2" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[221,448,1615,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1978) [1977] Report on a collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. III Hadromerida, Axinellida, Poecilosclerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universit di Genova, 45, 7 - 89." type="journal article" year="1978">Pulitzer-Finali 1978</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774CFFB7FD80A524921EF9F2" box="[515,611,1615,1640]" name="Namibia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FDF2A524929BF9F2" author="Uriz" box="[625,742,1615,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1987) Sponges from the South-West of Africa: description of species. In: Jones, W. C. (Ed.), European Contributions to the Taxonomy of Sponges. Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island, County Cork, pp. 54 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1987">Uriz 1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FD73A53B9351F9F2" author="Uriz" box="[752,812,1616,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (Southwest Africa): Classses Hexactinellida and Demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
). We may expect that a detailed comparative analysis of all the reported specimens will yield small differences. This is supported by the descriptions of several species with closely similar spiculation, e.g. Indonesian
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FD0FA5FC945CF92A" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[652,1057,1687,1712]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FD0FA5FC9326F935" box="[652,859,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gellius incrustans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FCE6A5FC945CF92A" author="Hentschel" box="[869,1057,1687,1712]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448." type="journal article" year="1912">Hentschel, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Californian
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FB3AA5FC9120F94E" authority="De Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="edaphus">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FB3AA5FC950CF92A" box="[1209,1393,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gellius edaphus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FAF8A5F39120F94E" author="De" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Stanford University Bulletin, 5 (98), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">De Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and New Caledonian
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FDDEA5D0938CF94E" authority="Levi &amp; Levi, 1983" authorityName="Levi &amp; Levi" authorityYear="1983" box="[605,1009,1723,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Biemnidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Biemnida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarius">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FDDEA5D0936FF94E" box="[605,786,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gellius antarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FC98A5D0938CF94E" author="Levi" box="[795,1009,1723,1748]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P. (1983) Demosponges bathyales recoltees par le N / O ' Vauban' au sud de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (4, A) 5 (4), 931 - 997." type="journal article" year="1983">Lévi &amp; Lévi, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FB19A5D09577F94E" box="[1178,1290,1723,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FB19A5D09577F94E" box="[1178,1290,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with these flagellated sigmas is urgent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106774CFFB7FF44A4689497F812" blockId="27.[151,1437,1147,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B774CFFB7FF44A4689497F812" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726396" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Caribbean Colombian &amp; Por. &amp; M. Kielman &amp; Van Soest &amp; De Weerdt" country="Belize" county="Natural History Museum" elevation="20" location="Van Soest" municipality="De Weerdt" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1">
The Caribbean occurrence was already noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FC93A46893B9F886" author="Schmidt" box="[784,964,1795,1820]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt (1870)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FC77A4689405F886" box="[1012,1144,1795,1820]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacellidae" genus="Desmacella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FC77A4689405F886" box="[1012,1144,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Desmacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. encrusting a Florida
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85774CFFB7FF14A44C910AF8DA" box="[151,375,1831,1856]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B9756D14774CFFB7FF14A44C910AF8DA" box="[151,375,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pachastrella abyssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is an unpublished specimen in the
<collectionCode id="ED1029C3774CFFB7FCF8A44393C4F8DA" box="[891,953,1832,1856]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ZMA</collectionCode>
collection from
<quantity id="4CF91CE3774CFFB7FB00A44394BFF8A5" box="[1155,1218,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="002C5635774CFFB7FB00A44394BFF8A5" box="[1155,1218,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
off the
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774CFFB7FAAAA44C9169F8FE" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Caribbean Colombian</collectorName>
coast (
<collectionCode id="ED1029C3774CFFB7FEE1A42791DFF8FE" box="[354,418,1868,1892]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774CFFB7FE2AA42791AAF8F9" box="[425,471,1868,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Por.</collectorName>
21962, collected by
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774CFFB7FD43A4279330F8FE" box="[704,845,1867,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. Kielman</collectorName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FCDCA427945DF8FE" box="[863,1056,1868,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article">
<location id="8EDEE7DD774CFFB7FCDCA42793B3F8FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812:8EDEE7DD774CFFB7FCDCA42793B3F8FE" box="[863,974,1868,1892]" country="Belize" county="Natural History Museum" municipality="De Weerdt" name="Van Soest" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774CFFB7FCDCA42793B3F8FE" box="[863,974,1868,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Van Soest</collectorName>
</location>
(1980)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7774CFFB7FBD5A427955DF8FE" box="[1110,1312,1867,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50 (1), 1 - 67. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 548738 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA2B7C774CFFB7FBD5A42794B3F8FE" box="[1110,1230,1867,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0774CFFB7FBD5A42794B3F8FE" box="[1110,1230,1867,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">De Weerdt</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
referred to a specimen with flagellated sigmas from
<collectingCountry id="F316F196774CFFB7FDE0A40492D7F812" box="[611,682,1903,1928]" name="Belize" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Belize</collectingCountry>
present in the
<collectingCounty id="62DFC98A774CFFB7FCD3A4049415F81D" box="[848,1128,1903,1928]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Natural History Museum</collectingCounty>
in London.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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