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<document id="1A7CF1BF4172C20CA4D9C74036285CDA" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac103" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14243521" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1732838967447" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aureliano, Tito, Ghilardi, Aline M., Fernandes, Marcelo A. &amp; Ricardi-Branco, Fresia S." docDate="2024" docId="03A587F7EF7CD65DFCA77E748F84F89F" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac103.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac103" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spinosaurinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FF9CFF8FEF7ED65FFD2D785F8D58FFC2" masterDocTitle="Air sac attachments or tendon scars: the distinction between soft tissue traces in archosaur bone" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1733950423264" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="95611AFFC7F1DB385E2461E595A83B49">Air sac attachments or tendon scars: the distinction between soft tissue traces in archosaur bone</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA3CB92D98D75C621F107B9C485B30EC">Aureliano, Tito</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE2F49D5CF8172C255E7AA3C37A8ABF5">Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083 - 855, Brazil &amp; Diversity, Ichnology and Osteohistology Laboratory (DINOlab), Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="922D4AB7681C10E6CB305FDD3EB803C5">Ghilardi, Aline M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="12514D1F23CB43831FD6E01247E101FC">Diversity, Ichnology and Osteohistology Laboratory (DINOlab), Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BEF22392A4D76BDFB3D0CD9FF59C4C8F">Fernandes, Marcelo A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4E0CE9A73CE4D9905BB9960ABA9E578B">Laboratory of Paleoecology and Paleoichnology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565 - 905, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF8138286BC56B94712A6B7083F97A28">Ricardi-Branco, Fresia S.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BB336E1EF7CD65DFCA77E748F37F981" blockId="2.[128,779,1579,1885]" box="[394,623,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D62EF7CD65DFCA77E748F70F981" box="[394,552,1579,1603]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spinosaurinae">Spinosaurinae</taxonomicName>
indet.
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<paragraph id="8BB336E1EF7CD65DFF5B7E748CFDF9A1" blockId="2.[128,779,1579,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
LPP-PV-0042, tibia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B10EF7CD65DFD937E148CCDF9A1" author="Aureliano T &amp; Ghilardi AM &amp; Buck PV" box="[190,405,1611,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="283 - 95" refId="ref4956" refString="Aureliano T, Ghilardi AM, Buck PV et al. Semi-aquatic adaptations in a spinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Cretac Res 2018; 90: 283 - 95." type="journal article" year="2018">
Aureliano 
<emphasis id="B978EAF3EF7CD65DFC057E148C0FF9A1" box="[296,343,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
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).
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<paragraph id="8BB336E1EF7CD65DFDB17E358F84F89F" blockId="2.[128,779,1579,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The fragmentary tibia of a large Spinosaurinae presents a pachyosteosclerotic condition. The cross-section at the distal-most slice of the metaphysis indicates a growing subadult. This is supported by the absence of an EFS, prevalence of plexiform vascularization and limited presence of secondary osteons in the outer cortex. Lamellar bone populates the cortex and secondary osteons are present in the periosteum (
<figureCitation id="13372A64EF7CD65DFC877F798C83F8FC" box="[426,475,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,153,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-233@3.[146,1426,152,1383]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Lamellar bone fibres in an anhanguerid pterosaur ulna (DGEO-CTG-UFPE 7516; A-F) and in a spinosaurine theropod tibia (LPP-PV-0042; G-L). Note that these fibres are only visible at high magnifications (100×; arrowheads). Silhouettes in A and G indicate sampled elements (not to scale; art by Felipe A. Elias). All polarized light. Crossed nicols in A-E and G-L. Parallel nicols in F. Compensator in A-D, G-I and L. The relative angle to the cortical surface is approximately 80° in A, B; 340° in C; 290° in D-F; 120° in G-L.Scale bar in A, H = 250 µm; in B, I = 50 µm; G = 500 µm; in C-F, J-L = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14243523/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G-L). There are long Sharpey’s fibres medially and ‘cross pattern’ ones posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13372A64EF7CD65DFF597F1A8FF1F89F" box="[628,681,1861,1885]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox="[163,1439,145,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-422@4.[161,1441,143,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Sharpey’s fibres in a dorsal vertebra of Arrudatitan (MPMA 12-0001-97-1024; A-F) and in a spinosaurine theropod tibia (LPP-PV-0042; G-I). Note that these fibres are visible at low magnifications (5×; arrowheads).G, H show a cross pattern of Sharpey’s fibres. Silhouettes in A and G indicate sampled elements (not to scale; art by Felipe A.Elias). All polarized light. Crossed nicols in A-F. Parallel nicols in. Compensator in G, H. The relative angle to the bone surface is approximately 150° in A-C; 90° in D; 70° in E; 120° in F; 90° in G-I. Scale bar in A = 300 µm; in D, I = 250 µm; in B, C, E, F = 100 µm; in G, H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14243525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G-I).
</paragraph>
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