treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39.xml

<document id="3ECCF4F3158970FF66AAFAD987A643B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="299670" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512126" ID-GBIF-Dataset="522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512126" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1717719049762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Iwamoto, Tomio, Nakayama, Naohide, Shao, Kwang-Tsao &amp; Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho" docDate="2015" docId="039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.62.3.31-126.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Malacocephalus nipponensis Gilbert and Hubbs 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFA6FFC5FFDA115EAB1FE201FF8EFFEA" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1720664413385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="822CEE07467DEB5A31DCE7F5D97757DB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="955752D2C64C0D478ED32900E8987515">
<mods:title id="A5DBFD11ACEBC10432E64BD89A2ADFC2">Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C4B9F75200FC24D893AEF75647B4E3BE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF309D10C526C369BC514BB7954DCA99">
<mods:roleTerm id="1A765CDF1ACE8788BA0C645DBF61962E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FA4F1071F69DA0B5CB7319F4F93DA4BF">Iwamoto, Tomio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1B88C680467D4F9FB3245020CC970A2B">Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="54C18AF8F3EF5C5B2BEA8E2869A597F5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="411231F7E0F4CA1D81805E547E8A4423">
<mods:roleTerm id="D16F6A62D8E536ABBE78F3EB7C25DD35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="82E3653671E535DDB4FEE4022589BFB5">Nakayama, Naohide</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E0F22EDB06E7E3CD656B519AE6AB9029">Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2 - 5 - 1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780 - 8073, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CCD0700C4557DAA5EAE9C9AAB60ED25D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB32AC2D44E8B31B239F3021347B954F">
<mods:roleTerm id="BBE03B19C3253910BF1F8AF555065143">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A7602CBBE7B787E43B102CCD16F483B4">Shao, Kwang-Tsao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="404DFD09E97954679B4FBCE3C24A8B31">Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6F407F3307DAC4905802DE1EA702C35F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0158AF0D8F2D57501150C387964DE7A9">
<mods:roleTerm id="7AC8281609C8892B15C1D4A02C47515A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9FF5D99F53301472AD7FA0388803BC24">Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="51122FF4FDA6E64F69EAC0C43EF5DA5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="354252855DD423EE6E3F01562FF1286D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7BA447769B70E579C35306C259631D28">
<mods:title id="A9DFC51959139EC24D85FC87FD790B2C">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="090A3A28E09987B9E983497D2E4EC56D">
<mods:date id="C30C1DD644C8B91489781C7D535D5F86">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2BC5E904941C1BCFE9BBB56758D13076" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="02A7322A0BE0BC5B9928AB43006A94F0">2015-04-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B28E45CC36098CA99E9B14703B12CC5B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B6F63D89FF75226EFA5962078963B21D">62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="56EC08191F7889409F4EF3F520A602E8" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D7480CC59CE8D2754561E76CF91C540F">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1F1F1539D802A6DEA35B65B1F99DE121" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8A6BF0AD43EBC0C43417C5622BC4DA53">31</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5061D3CFE59CDECAA7F724BA4352EC6F">126</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="73F5D0EBC179729488DABF7BCA6C515C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AE77E4339BF1085363FF2775F3E4D66B" type="CLB-Dataset">299670</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="255DF82BD4CE26A102ACB2CF6BB9EC01" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11512126</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0595F698B0313041D773E79C7D68004F" type="GBIF-Dataset">522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4FF2727F1348A3B1CB6168578ED31D24" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B9FB7FA964AEEAA0392E9403DCAFF13" type="Zenodo-Dep">11512126</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12715573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235035960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12715573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C32C6520FFED1169AB64E67BFD53FB78" box="[123,733,1146,1171]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFED1169AB64E67BFD53FB78" blockId="55.[123,1174,1146,1450]" box="[123,733,1146,1171]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0C181C7FFED1169AB64E67BFD53FB78" box="[123,733,1146,1171]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFED1169AB64E67BFD53FB78" ID-CoL="3XKFT" authority="Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916" authorityName="Gilbert and Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[123,733,1146,1171]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AB64E67BFD53FB78" bold="true" box="[123,733,1146,1171]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AB64E67BFE35FB79" bold="true" box="[123,443,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Malacocephalus nipponensis</emphasis>
Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6520FFED1169AB64E6A3FC6FFA43" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFED1169AB64E6A3FD96FA87" blockId="55.[123,1174,1146,1450]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFED1169AB64E6A3FD64FB52" ID-CoL="3XKFT" authority="Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916: 189 - 191" authorityName="Gilbert and Hubbs" authorityPageNumber="189 - 191" authorityYear="1916" box="[123,746,1186,1208]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AB64E6A3FE1AFB52" box="[123,404,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Malacocephalus nipponensis</emphasis>
Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916:189–191
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 9, fig. 2 (
<typeStatus id="548D8809FFED1169A867E6A3FC42FB52" box="[888,972,1186,1208]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A8C5E6A2FB91FB52" box="[986,1055,1187,1208]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169AF38E6A3FF5EFB3C" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.686645999999999" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="7.686646E7">76866, 460 mm</quantity>
TL; e. coast 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFED1169AA46E6C0FE1EFB3C" box="[345,400,1217,1238]" name="Japan" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AA81E6C0FE77FB3C" box="[414,505,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Albatross</emphasis>
st. 4967, 244–253 fm [
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A9FAE6C0FCDCFB3C" box="[741,850,1217,1239]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.545" metricValueMax="4.63" metricValueMin="4.46" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="454.5" valueMax="463.0" valueMin="446.0">446–463 m</quantity>
].— Okamura 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169A8FFE6C0FC7DFB3C" box="[992,1011,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169A8E3E6C0FE8BFB1F" author="OKAMURA, O. &amp; K. AMAOKA &amp; AND F. &amp; MITANI, EDS" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref80893" refString="OKAMURA, O., K. AMAOKA, AND F. MITANI, EDS. 1982. Fishes of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Tosa Bay. The Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, Japan. 435 pp." type="book" year="1982">Okamura et al., 1982:145</bibRefCitation>
, 347, fig. 88 (p. 144) (
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169AAC3E6DEFD90FB1F" box="[476,542,1247,1269]" count="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A935E6DEFDF7FB1F" box="[554,633,1247,1269]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.72" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="472.0">472 mm</quantity>
TL, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A866E6DEFC38FB1F" box="[889,950,1247,1269]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.529999999999999" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="453.0">453 m</quantity>
).— Okamura 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AF5FE6E1FBDDFB1F" box="[1088,1107,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169AF47E6E1FEDAFAF9" author="MASUDA, H. &amp; K. AMAOKA &amp; C. ARAGA &amp; T. UYENO &amp; T. YOSHINO" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref80275" refString="MASUDA, H., K. AMAOKA, C. ARAGA, T. UYENO, AND T. YOSHINO. 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 pp., 370 pls." type="book" year="1984">Masuda et al., 1984:94</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 80–J (compiled).— Okamura 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169A9BBE6FFFD39FAF9" box="[676,695,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169A9A1E6FCFC38FAF9" author="OKAMURA O &amp; AND T. &amp; KITAJIMA, EDS" box="[702,950,1277,1299]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref80944" refString="OKAMURA O., AND T. KITAJIMA, EDS. 1984. Fishes of the Okinawa Trough and the Adjacent Waters. I. The Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, Japan. 414 pp." type="book" year="1984">Okamura et al., 1984:144</bibRefCitation>
, 360, fig. 145 (p. 202) (
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169ABACE71DFE8AFAD8" box="[179,260,1308,1330]" count="18" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">18 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169AA0CE71DFE1CFAD8" box="[275,402,1308,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="375.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="270.0">270–480 mm</quantity>
TL, East 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFED1169AAE7E71DFDBFFAD8" box="[504,561,1308,1330]" name="China" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
Sea [Okinawa Trough], 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A836E71DFC18FAD8" box="[809,918,1308,1330]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="485.0" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="420.0">420–550 m</quantity>
).— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169A8DDE71DFB1BFADB" author="SHEN, S. - C. &amp; S. - C. LEE &amp; K. - T. SHAO &amp; H. - C. MOK &amp; C. - H. CHEN &amp; C. - C. CHEN &amp; C. - S. TZENG &amp; EDS" box="[962,1173,1308,1330]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref81759" refString="SHEN, S. - C., S. - C. LEE, K. - T. SHAO, H. - C. MOK, C. - H. CHEN, C. - C. CHEN, C. - S. TZENG, EDS. 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 960 pp. (In Chinese.)" type="book" year="1993">Shen et al., 1993:172</bibRefCitation>
(descr.).— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169AA09E73BFE61FAA5" author="CHIOU, M. &amp; SHAO, AND &amp; T. IWAMOTO" box="[278,495,1338,1360]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref77534" refString="CHIOU, M. - L, K. - T. SHAO, AND T. IWAMOTO. 2004 b. A new species, Caelorinchus sheni, and 19 new records of grenadiers (Pisces: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 43: 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="2004">Chiou et al., 2004b:37</bibRefCitation>
, 47 (in key, list).— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169A9AAE73BFCD6FAA5" author="SHAO, K. - T. &amp; T. IWAMOTO &amp; H. - C. HO &amp; T. - Y. CHEN &amp; C. - Y. CHEN" box="[693,856,1338,1360]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref81544" refString="SHAO, K. - T., T. IWAMOTO, H. - C. HO, T. - Y. CHEN, AND C. - Y. CHEN. 2008. Species composition and distribution pattern of grenadiers (family Bathygadidae, Macrouridae and Macrouroididae) from Taiwan. Pages 17 - 29 in A. Orlov and T. Iwamoto, eds., Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 63, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 484 pp." type="book" year="2008">Shao et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
: table 2 (
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169A8A8E73BFC75FABA" box="[951,1019,1338,1360]" count="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFED1169AF18E73BFBC3FABA" box="[1031,1101,1338,1360]" name="Taiwan" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
[
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169AF42E73BFB06FAA5" box="[1117,1160,1338,1359]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12562" name="Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">SCS</collectionCode>
], 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169ABB4E756FEAAFA87" box="[171,292,1367,1389]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1235" metricValueMax="1.268" metricValueMin="0.979" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1123.5" valueMax="1268.0" valueMin="979.0">979–1268 m</quantity>
, first record for Taiwan).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFED1169AB64E777FC6FFA43" blockId="55.[123,1174,1146,1450]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFED1169AB64E777FED5FA61" ID-CoL="3XKFR" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" box="[123,347,1398,1419]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AB64E777FED5FA61" box="[123,347,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Malacocephalus laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169AA73E777FDC9FA61" author="OKAMURA, O." box="[364,583,1398,1420]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref80837" refString="OKAMURA, O. 1970. Fauna Japonica, Macrourina (Pisces). Academic Press, Tokyo, Japan. 216 p." type="book" year="1970">Okamura, 1970:69–73</bibRefCitation>
, pl. IV, text-fig. 29–31(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169A825E777FC02FA61" box="[826,908,1398,1420]" count="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">56 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A883E777FB95FA61" box="[924,1051,1398,1420]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.875" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="387.5" valueMax="520.0" valueMin="255.0">255–520 mm</quantity>
TL; Pacific coast of s. 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFED1169AA0CE795FEC4FA43" box="[275,330,1428,1449]" name="Japan" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169AA49E795FE4DFA43" box="[342,451,1428,1450]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="425.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="350.0">350–500 m</quantity>
).— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFED1169AAF0E795FD1FFA43" author="SHAO, K. - T. &amp; T. IWAMOTO &amp; H. - C. HO &amp; T. - Y. CHEN &amp; C. - Y. CHEN" box="[495,657,1428,1450]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" refId="ref81544" refString="SHAO, K. - T., T. IWAMOTO, H. - C. HO, T. - Y. CHEN, AND C. - Y. CHEN. 2008. Species composition and distribution pattern of grenadiers (family Bathygadidae, Macrouridae and Macrouroididae) from Taiwan. Pages 17 - 29 in A. Orlov and T. Iwamoto, eds., Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 63, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 484 pp." type="book" year="2008">Shao et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
: table 2 (
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169A9F0E795FCBCFA43" box="[751,818,1428,1449]" count="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">9 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A821E795FCE5FA43" box="[830,875,1428,1449]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">NET</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A867E795FC1AFA43" box="[888,916,1428,1449]" country="0" name="East Texas State University" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ET</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A8BFE795FC5DFA43" box="[928,979,1428,1449]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14109" name="Southwest Texas State University" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">SWT</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6520FFED1166ABB4E7C4FBA4FDB9" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFED1169ABB4E7C4FD77F957" blockId="55.[123,1174,1477,1726]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169ABB4E7C4FE1DFA36" bold="true" box="[171,403,1477,1501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFED1169ABB4E7C4FE90FA36" baselines="1495,1495" box="[171,286,1477,1501]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFED1169AA3BE7C8FE1DFA36" baselines="1495" box="[292,403,1481,1500]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169AABCE7C4FE75FA37" box="[419,507,1477,1501]" count="20" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">20 spec.</specimenCount>
).— 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A934E7C4FC5CFA37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905517" box="[555,978,1477,1501]" collectionCode="NET" location="Da-xi" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 60015" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169A934E7C4FDECFA37" bold="true" box="[555,610,1477,1501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A934E7C4FDECFA37" box="[555,610,1477,1501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">NET</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A96EE7C4FC8AFA37" box="[625,772,1477,1501]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 60015</specimenCode>
(1, 445 TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169A88AE7C4FC5CFA37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169A88AE7C4FC5CFA37" box="[917,978,1477,1501]" name="Da-xi" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Da-xi</location>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A8C1E7C4FEEEFA17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905848" collectionCode="ASIZP" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 61312" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A8C1E7C4FBFCFA37" box="[990,1138,1477,1501]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 61312</specimenCode>
(1, 336 TL; Nan-fang-ao
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AA72E7E4FCC0FA17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905638" box="[365,846,1509,1533]" collectionCode="ASIZP" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 61313" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AA72E7E4FD8EFA17" box="[365,512,1509,1533]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 61313</specimenCode>
(3, 184–252 TL), Nan-fang-ao
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A844E7E4FE85F9F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905556" collectionCode="ASIZP" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 65517" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A844E7E4FC61FA17" box="[859,1007,1509,1533]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 65517</specimenCode>
(1, 68 HL, 405 TL), CD 210
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AA04E404FD07F9F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905325" box="[283,649,1541,1565]" collectionCode="ASIZP" location="Da-xi" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 70229" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AA04E404FE3FF9F7" box="[283,433,1541,1565]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 70229</specimenCode>
(1, 287 TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169A953E404FD07F9F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169A953E404FD07F9F7" box="[588,649,1541,1565]" name="Da-xi" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Da-xi</location>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A985E404FB00F9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905939" box="[666,1166,1541,1566]" collectionCode="SWT" location="Dong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 61314" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169A985E404FD5BF9F7" bold="true" box="[666,725,1541,1565]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169A985E404FD5BF9F7" box="[666,725,1541,1565]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14109" name="Southwest Texas State University" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">SWT</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A9FAE404FCF5F9F7" box="[741,891,1541,1565]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 61314</specimenCode>
(1, 172 TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169AF09E407FB00F9F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169AF09E407FB00F9F4" box="[1046,1166,1542,1566]" name="Dong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Dong-gang</location>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AB64E424FD55F9D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905311" box="[123,731,1573,1598]" collectionCode="ASIZP" elevation="200" location="Fong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 62331" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AB64E424FE9BF9D7" box="[123,277,1573,1597]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 62331</specimenCode>
(2, 250+-305+ TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169A910E427FD0DF9D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169A910E427FD0DF9D4" box="[527,643,1574,1598]" name="Fong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Fong-gang</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A988E424FD55F9D7" box="[663,731,1573,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169A988E424FD55F9D7" box="[663,731,1573,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A9F1E424FE8EF9B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905759" collectionCode="ASIZP" elevation="1185" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 65517" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A9F1E424FC06F9D7" box="[750,904,1573,1597]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 65517</specimenCode>
(1, 405 TL), CD 210, 445– 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169ABAFE444FE8EF9B7" box="[176,256,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1185.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169ABAFE444FE8EF9B7" box="[176,256,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1185.0">1185 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AA0FE444FCD5F9B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905909" box="[272,859,1605,1629]" collectionCode="ASIZP" elevation="477" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 65597" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AA0FE444FE29F9B7" box="[272,423,1605,1629]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 65597</specimenCode>
(2, 360–370 TL), CD 137, 316– 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A807E444FCD5F9B7" box="[792,859,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="477.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169A807E444FCD5F9B7" box="[792,859,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="477.0">477 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A874E444FF7DF994" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905862" collectionCode="ASIZP" location="Dong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 70615" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A874E444FB8CF9B7" box="[875,1026,1605,1629]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 70615</specimenCode>
(1, 196 TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169AB64E467FF7DF994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169AB64E467FF7DF994" box="[123,243,1638,1662]" name="Dong-gang" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Dong-gang</location>
</materialsCitation>
). 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AA15E464FCDEF997" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905383" box="[266,848,1637,1662]" collectionCode="SCS" location="Tong-sa Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 58031" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFED1169AA15E464FECAF997" bold="true" box="[266,324,1637,1661]" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169AA15E464FEB5F997" box="[266,315,1637,1661]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12562" name="Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">SCS</collectionCode>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AA55E464FE50F997" box="[330,478,1637,1661]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 58031</specimenCode>
(2, 361–389 TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169A9B8E467FCDEF997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169A9B8E467FCDEF997" box="[679,848,1637,1662]" name="Tong-sa Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Tong-sa Islands</location>
</materialsCitation>
); 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A879E464FEBFF977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905889" collectionCode="ASIZP" elevation="312517" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 66277" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A879E464FC74F997" box="[870,1018,1637,1661]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 66277</specimenCode>
(1, 220+ TL), OCP 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169ABA9E484FEBFF977" box="[182,305,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12517" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="312517.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169ABA9E484FEBFF977" box="[182,305,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12517" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="312517.0">312, 517 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AA20E484FC94F977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905611" box="[319,794,1669,1693]" collectionCode="ASIZP" elevation="314506" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="ASIZP 66745" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169AA20E484FE5DF977" box="[319,467,1669,1693]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">ASIZP 66745</specimenCode>
(1, 178+ TL), CP 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A9BFE484FC94F977" box="[672,794,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.14506" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="314506.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169A9BFE484FC94F977" box="[672,794,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.14506" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="314506.0">314, 506 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169A835E487FBA8F977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905483" box="[810,1062,1669,1693]" collectionCode="FRIP" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="FRIP 0669" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB909ED0FFED1169A835E487FC11F977" box="[810,927,1669,1693]" collectionCode="FRIP" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">FRIP 0669</specimenCode>
(1, 302 TL)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AF2AE487FF1EF957" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905672" collectionCode="FRI" elevation="630" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFED1169AF2AE487FBD0F977" box="[1077,1118,1670,1693]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7zx4-v798" name="Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">FRI</collectionCode>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169AF72E484FF1EF957" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="630.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169AF72E484FF1EF957" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CF6FFED1169AB81E4A7FD7CF957" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4904905444" box="[158,754,1701,1726]" elevation="515" location="Tong-sha Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1">
NMMSTP 0907 (1, 290+ TL), 
<location id="8EE96070FFED1169AAF4E4A4FD2FF957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87BDFFED1166AB64E67BFCF3FC39:8EE96070FFED1169AAF4E4A4FD2FF957" box="[491,673,1701,1725]" name="Tong-sha Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="86">Tong-sha Islands</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD22FFED1169A9B0E4A4FD77F957" box="[687,761,1701,1725]" count="515" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFED1169A9B0E4A4FD7CF957" box="[687,754,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="515.0">
<elevation id="001BD198FFED1169A9B0E4A4FD7CF957" box="[687,754,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="55" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="515.0">515 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFE21166ABB4E2DAFBA4FDB9" blockId="56.[123,1174,219,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166ABB4E2DAFE45FF1B" bold="true" box="[171,459,219,243]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFE21166ABB4E2DAFED5FF1B" baselines="237,236" box="[171,347,219,243]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distinguishing" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">DISTINGUISHING</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFE21166AA7DE2DFFE45FF1B" baselines="236" box="[354,459,222,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="features" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">FEATURES</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.— 1D II,10–14; P i16–i22; 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFE21166A9E4E2DAFC80FF18" box="[763,782,219,242]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
9 (8–10); inner GR-I 2–4+7–9; pyl. caeca 107–130. Snout 23–28%; orbit 29–37%; suborbital 11–14%; interorbital 26–31%; orbit-preopercle 42–50%; upper jaw 45–56%; barbel 18–22%. Snout bluntly pointed; mouth large, upper jaw extends to below hind margin of orbit; orbit large, greater than snout length; suborbital region vertical and smoothly curved; gill openings wide, extend forward to under posterior margin of orbit. Scales small, beset with fine, slender spinules; scales uniformly and smoothly cover head and body; no coarsely modified scales on ridges of head or tip of snout, lower branchiostegal rays scaled, but gular membrane naked. Light organ with anterior dermal window relatively small and round, situated between or slightly anterior to 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFE21166A96EE3DAFD0AFE18" box="[625,644,475,498]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
bases; periproct enclosing posterior dermal window and urogenital openings located between 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE6EFFE21166A970E3FAFD0CFDF8" box="[623,642,507,530]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
fins, far removed from A origin. Coloration gray to swarthy with silvery sides, blackish ventrally on head and over abdomen; fins dark dusky to black. Attains&gt; 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFE21166AA3BE03AFEF2FDB8" box="[292,380,571,595]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="520.0">520 mm</quantity>
TL. (Mostly after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFE21166A959E03AFD6BFDB9" author="OKAMURA, O." box="[582,741,571,595]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" refId="ref80837" refString="OKAMURA, O. 1970. Fauna Japonica, Macrourina (Pisces). Academic Press, Tokyo, Japan. 216 p." type="book" year="1970">Okamura 1970</bibRefCitation>
and from 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFE21166A849E03AFC2AFDB9" box="[854,932,571,595]" name="Taiwan" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
specimens.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6520FFE21166ABB4E05AFC3DFD78" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFE21166ABB4E05AFC3DFD78" blockId="56.[123,1174,219,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFE21166ABB4E05AFECDFD9B" baselines="621,620" box="[171,323,603,627]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166ABB4E05AFECDFD9B" bold="true" box="[171,323,603,627]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
.— Pacific coast of s. 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFE21166A92DE05AFDE1FD98" box="[562,623,603,626]" name="Japan" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">Japan</collectingCountry>
, East 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFE21166A9ACE05AFD7DFD99" box="[691,755,603,627]" name="China" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">China</collectingCountry>
Sea [Okinawa Trough], Kyushu-Palau Ridge, and 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFE21166ABE9E07AFECAFD79" box="[246,324,635,659]" name="Taiwan" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
off ne., sw. coast and in South 
<collectingCountry id="F321763BFFE21166A989E07AFD58FD79" box="[662,726,635,659]" name="China" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">China</collectingCountry>
Sea in 
<quantity id="4CCE9B4EFFE21166A838E07AFC23FD78" box="[807,941,635,659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.505" metricValueMax="11.85" metricValueMin="3.16" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="750.5" valueMax="1185.0" valueMin="316.0">316–1185 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6520FFE21166ABB4E09AFCF3FC39" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936ABFFE21166ABB4E09AFCF3FC39" blockId="56.[123,1174,219,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<smallCapsWord id="8D6FA077FFE21166ABB4E09AFE98FD5B" baselines="685,684" box="[171,278,667,691]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166ABB4E09AFE98FD5B" bold="true" box="[171,278,667,691]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">REMARKS</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
.— 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166AA21E09AFDFBFD59" authorityName="Gilbert and Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[318,629,667,691]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166AA21E09AFDFBFD59" box="[318,629,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">Malacocephalus nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first synonymized into 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166A8B5E09DFB1BFD59" authority="Lowe, 1843" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" box="[938,1173,667,691]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166A8B5E09DFB82FD59" box="[938,1036,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">M. laevis</emphasis>
Lowe, 1843
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFE21166AB82E0BAFEC1FD39" author="OKAMURA, O." box="[157,335,699,723]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" refId="ref80837" refString="OKAMURA, O. 1970. Fauna Japonica, Macrourina (Pisces). Academic Press, Tokyo, Japan. 216 p." type="book" year="1970">Okamura (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, but later (Okamura 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166A92DE0BDFDC9FD39" box="[562,583,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">in</emphasis>
Okamura and Kitajima 1982; Okamura 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166A8E4E0BDFB9EFD39" box="[1019,1040,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFE21166AF08E0BAFF5FFD19" author="OKAMURA O &amp; AND T. &amp; KITAJIMA, EDS" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" refId="ref80944" refString="OKAMURA O., AND T. KITAJIMA, EDS. 1984. Fishes of the Okinawa Trough and the Adjacent Waters. I. The Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, Japan. 414 pp." type="book" year="1984">Okamura et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
) considered it a valid species based on the absence of scales on the gular membrane (usually present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166AA05E0FDFEF2FCF9" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" box="[282,380,763,787]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166AA05E0FDFEF2FCF9" box="[282,380,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">M. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the small round anterior dermal window (bean-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166AF3CE0FDFB08FCF9" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" box="[1059,1158,763,787]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166AF3CE0FDFB08FCF9" box="[1059,1158,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">M. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFE21166AB64E11AFED7FCD9" author="IWAMOTO, T." box="[123,345,795,819]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" pagination="135 - 179" refId="ref78785" refString="IWAMOTO, T. 1979. Eastern Pacific macrourine grenadiers with seven branchiostegal rays (Pisces: Macrouridae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 42 (5): 135 - 179." type="journal article" year="1979">Iwamoto (1979:149)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166A91CE11DFC95FCD9" box="[515,795,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166A91CE11DFDE9FCD9" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" box="[515,615,795,819]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">M. laevis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166A969E11DFC95FCD9" authorityName="Gilbert and Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[630,795,796,819]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">M. nipponensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166A846E11DFB1BFCD9" authority="Gilbert, 1905" authorityName="Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[857,1173,795,819]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166A846E11DFC73FCD9" box="[857,1021,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">M. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B5AFFE21166AF1AE11AFB1BFCD9" author="GILBERT, C. H." box="[1029,1173,795,819]" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" refId="ref77969" refString="GILBERT, C. H. 1905. The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Pages 575 - 713, figs. 230 - 276, pls. 66 - 101 in D. S. Jordan and B. W. Evermann, eds., The Aquatic Resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, 22 (pt. 2, sect. 2)." type="book" year="1905">
Gilbert, 
<date id="FF88106BFFE21166AF7FE11AFF27FCB9" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" value="1905-05">1905 may</date>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
eventually prove to be the same. Although specimens of this species are available in many collections around the world, no one has yet to comprehensively study these collections. A molecular study may prove the easiest and the most-effective approach to resolving this question of how many species are involved in this clade. We have taken a conservative approach and treat these northwestern Pacific specimens as 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D28FFE21166AAECE1BDFD18FC39" authorityName="Gilbert and Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[499,662,956,979]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B942EAB9FFE21166AAECE1BDFD18FC39" box="[499,662,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="87">M. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, following Okamura.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>