treatments-xml/data/19/3D/6F/193D6FF5D17A5D0081E7D511DA826487.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bd911c4-a027-4a72-a69b-f37bc46b24b9" ID-PMC="PMC7669820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" ID-PubMed="33223897" ID-ZooBank="F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-79" checkinTime="1604986516813" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal &amp; Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2020" docId="193D6FF5D17A5D0081E7D511DA826487" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 79-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" docTitle="Coregonus steinmanni Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C03A9DA8-8492-4CBF-B87B-406D72594530" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1668169826672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@eawag.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Doenz, Carmela J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vonlanthen, Pascal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes 57, 1792 Cordast, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>989</mods:number>
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-79</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961876" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C03A9DA8-8492-4CBF-B87B-406D72594530" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193D6FF5D17A5D0081E7D511DA826487" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName LSID="193D6FF5-D17A-5D00-81E7-D511DA826487" authority="Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni" status="sp. nov.">
Coregonus steinmanni Selz, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="28" pageNumber="107">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="108" start="start">Coregonus</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;Albock&quot;: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="7 - 31" refId="B54" refString="Rufli, H, 1978. Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 40: 7 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" title="Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" volume="40" year="1978">Rufli 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="64 - 93" refId="B55" refString="Rufli, H, 1979. Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie 41: 64 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" title="Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" volume="41" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="303 - 318" refId="B36" refString="Kirchhofer, A, Tschumi, PA, 1986. Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie 22: 303 - 318" title="Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun." volume="22" year="1986">Kirchhofer and Tschumi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. acrinasus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="acrinasus">C. acrinasus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
&quot;Balchen&quot;: 
<bibRefCitation author="Heuscher, J" journalOrPublisher="Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B23" refString="Heuscher, J, 1901. Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E. Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" title="Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E." year="1901">Heuscher 1901</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Surbeck, G" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B58" refString="Surbeck, G, 1917. Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." title="Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." year="1917">Surbeck 1917</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
&quot;Balchen&quot;, &quot;THU2&quot;: Douglas et al. 1999, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B17" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, Bernatchez, L, 2003. Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" title="Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589 - 603." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B16" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, 2002. Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" title="Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154 - 172." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">Douglas and Brunner 2002</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
natio 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">arurensis</emphasis>
, oekot. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">primigenius</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatio" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="fatio">C. fatio</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
sp. &quot;Balchen&quot;: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="58 - 66" refId="B28" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2011. Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 58 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" title="Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" volume="278" year="2011">Hudson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B27" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Bezault, E, Seehausen, O, 2013. Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 1 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" title="Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" volume="13" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10: 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B64" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482: 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B62" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, 2013. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee. ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee." year="2013">
Vonlanthen and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Périat">Periat</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
sp. &quot;Balchen 2&quot;: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
&quot;Wanderalbock&quot;, &quot;Bodenalbock&quot;, &quot;Albock&quot;: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655319" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="NMBE-1077219" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077219</specimenCode>
, 
<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193D6FF5D17A5D0081E7D511DA826487:71EA3DEFB5BC894D0368F71E0CA9D0B1" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
), 301 mm SL, 
<specimenCount type="female">female</specimenCount>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655316" collectionCode="NMBE" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" specimenCode="NMBE-1077132, NMBE-1077212-1077218, NMBE-1077220, NMBE-1077262-1077265" specimenCount="13" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="108">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077132</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077212-1077218</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077220</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077262-1077265</specimenCode>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Switzerland</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193D6FF5D17A5D0081E7D511DA826487:A610DB0598AE7AE6DB707A882DE51507" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
), N = 
<specimenCount>13</specimenCount>
, 211-323 mm SL.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="109" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a large whitefish with moderate pigmentation of all fins and body; light to dark greenish blue colour on the flanks above the lateral line; moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum; deep bodied; stout caudal peduncle; short head; sub-terminal mouth; small eye with a thick and triangular shaped eye socket.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only in Lake Thun and we therefore compare the characters of this species specifically with the species of Lake Thun. Differential diagnoses against 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="albellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">C. albellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fatioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">C. fatioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given under those 
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
accounts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus profundus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Coregonus profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="109">C. profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having more and longer gill rakers (upper arch gill raker number: 10-12, mode = 11 vs. 5-10, mode = 9; lower arch gill raker number: 19-23, mode = 20 vs. 10-18, mode = 14; total gill raker number: 30-35, mode = 31 vs. 15-27, mode = 21; middle gill raker length: 9.1-14.3% HL, mean = 11.5 vs. 7.6-11.7% HL, mean = 9.2; longest gill raker length: 10-14.4% HL, mean = 12.1 vs. 7.8-12.4% HL, mean = 10.1), shorter pectoral fin (pectoral fin 1 length: 13.9-18.2% SL, mean = 16.2 vs. 16.6-21% SL, mean = 18.4; pectoral fin 2 length: 15.2-19.1% SL, mean = 17 vs. 17.7-23.2% SL, mean = 20.2), a shorter head (13.2-15.1% SL, mean = 14 vs. 15.5- 18.4% SL, mean = 16.4), a smaller eye cavity (24.2-27.8% HL, mean = 26.2 vs. 26.2-32.1% HL, mean = 29.2), a narrower underjaw (19.3- 25, mean = 23% HL vs. 22.7-29.2% HL, mean = 26), and a shorter prepelvic distance (48.6-54.3% SL, mean = 51.7 vs. 51.2-58.1% SL, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="110" start="start">mean</pageBreakToken>
= 54.2). Based on ratios 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="31" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="110">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="31" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="110">C. profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a larger &quot;caudal fin depth / dorsal head length&quot; ratio (0.53-0.63 vs. 0.4-0.49) (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="31" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of C. profundus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077208, male, holotype; paratypes N = 27. For ranges of males and for both sexes, the total range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593" pageId="31" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593">8</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="31" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
, Suppl. material 1: Table S6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="111" start="start">Coregonus</pageBreakToken>
steinmanni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus acrinasus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Coregonus acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a shorter maxilla (18.1-21.8% HL, mean = 19.7 vs. 19.4-23.8% HL, mean = 21.8) (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of C. profundus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077208, male, holotype; paratypes N = 27. For ranges of males and for both sexes, the total range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593">8</tableCitation>
) and can be differentiated based on ratios from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a larger &quot;caudal peduncle depth / maxilla length&quot; ratio (1.86-2.24 vs. 1.4-1.9) (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Morphological and meristic data of C. acrinasus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077271, male, holotype; paratypes N = 25. For males and for both sexes, the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9">9</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="111" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
General appearance is shown in Figure 7. Morphological and meristic characters of both sexes can be found in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
and Suppl. material 1: Table S6 and first- and second-best ratios for both sexes combined can be found in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
. The description is valid for both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Shape</emphasis>
: Generally deep bodied with greatest body depth anterior of the dorsal fin. Dorsal profile strongly arched compared to ventral profile. Dorsal profile from the tip of snout to the anterior origin of dorsal fin moderate to strongly convex, whereas the ventral profile is slightly arched such that it is almost straight or slightly convex from the interorbital area to the pelvic fin origin. Mouth is rather thin (i.e., width of upper and lower jaw), short and sub-terminal. Snout is pronounced and almost equally wide as deep resulting in an almost square shape. Small eye. Eye-socket is thick and triangular (i.e., sickle-shaped). Pectoral fin moderately tapered. The anterior unbranched ray of the erected dorsal fin has an approx. 60° angle to body axis and at the end of the ray it is bent posteriorly. Caudal peduncle is stout and short. Caudal fin forked and sometimes slightly asymmetrical with the dorsal part being longer. Un-branched ray of anal fin mostly straight and only sometimes slightly bent posteriorly. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with the outermargin of the anal fin mostly slightly concave and only rarely straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Meristics</emphasis>
: Few and short gill rakers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">Colour</emphasis>
: Pigmentation of fins and body overall moderately strong in live specimens. Pectoral fin is moderately to strongly pigmented. Dorsal, adipose, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins are moderately to strongly pigmented. Silvery appearance along the flanks with moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales. The dots are found along the flank and the dorsum. Distribution of the dots is bound to the scale patterning such that the dots are found at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales (as can be found for the species of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="fatioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">C. fatioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="32" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="brienzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="111">C. brienzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a light (e.g., RGB (135, 236, 179)) or darker greenish blue colour (e.g., RGB (7,168,125)). Dorsal part of the head strongly pigmented. Snout around the nostrils strongly pigmented with a gap of moderate pigmentation posteriorly of the nostrils up to the height of the middle of the eyes. Pre-operculum and operculum are silvery with one black dot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. For a comparison to the main colouration found in the other species see Suppl. material 1: Figure S8. Preserved specimens are pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. Silvery, translucent, not coloured or unpigmented parts of the body become brown-yellowish (e.g., RGB (239, 210, 40)), whereas the pigmented parts are conserved and the coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish (e.g., RGB (186, 140, 100)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="112">
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="112" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
and notes on biology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in Lake Thun (
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
), which is connected to Lake Brienz through the river Aare at Interlaken. Based on isotopic signatures 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on a mix of benthic prey and zooplankton (
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and has a fast growth rate (
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
). It has to be noted that the work by 
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
did not yet separate 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are phenotypically difficult to distinguish. Only recently has genetic work by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
and colleagues (2018) clearly resolved that these are two distinct species. Thus, the isotopic work by 
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
most likely comprises of specimens of both species. The gill raker number of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(more gill rakers) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fewer gill rakers) suggests - based on the functional properties of the number of gill rakers on feeding on different prey items (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B41" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" author="Roesch, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="1578 - 1587" refId="B50" refString="Roesch, C, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 1578 - 1587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" title="Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" volume="26" year="2013">Roesch et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) - that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds more on zooplankton and less on benthic prey than 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this assumption needs to be verified in the future with stomach content analyses. Interestingly, the relative species abundances in the pelagic and benthic habitat from a habitat stratified random sampling in Lake Thun (mid-October 2013: 
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">Vonlanthen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) shows, that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is occupying the moderately deep waters of the benthic habitat (76 m; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">N</emphasis>
= 1) and the shallow waters of the pelagic habitat (8 m; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">N</emphasis>
= 1) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the other hand can exclusively be found in shallow water in the benthic habitat (first 13 m; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">N</emphasis>
= 1) and is completely absent from the pelagic habitat in Lake Thun (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). It is to note that the habitat-stratified random sampling data only covers a short period of time (one month in late summer) and it is thus not clear how the species are distributed spatially through the rest of the year.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles phenotypically 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to some extent 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The average size (total length) at 3 years of age for specimens in this study is 328 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
23 mm (mean and standard deviation, N = 11) (Suppl. material 1: Figures S4-S6). The average size at 3 years of age for the specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this study is similar to that for the years 2004-2005 (338.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
19 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">N</emphasis>
= 8) (Bittner et al. unpublished; Vonlanthen et al. unpublished). The size of 3-year-old specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larger than that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and considerably larger than that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="albellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. albellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="fatioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. fatioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short spawning season in late December and only rarely can be found spawning in late autumn (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spawns mostly in moderately shallow waters of 10 m down to approx. 120 m (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3; 
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The spawning season and depth of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps largely with that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and partially with that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="fatioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. fatioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To a much lesser extent the spawning depth and time of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also overlaps with that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="albellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. albellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">C. profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName lsidName="steinmanni" pageId="33" pageNumber="112" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">steinmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the genitive of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="112">Steinmann</emphasis>
. We name this species after the high school teacher and researcher Paul Steinmann, a zoologist from Switzerland who wrote the most comprehensive compendium on Swiss whitefish to date and compiled throughout his lifetime a large collection of preserved specimens 
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="113" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
Swiss, but also European, fishes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
). This collection and his work on the revision of Swiss whitefish together with work by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
has been essential to describe the whitefish diversity that was present in Switzerland just before or at the beginning of the strong anthropogenic-induced eutrophication of many Swiss lakes which was accompanied by population collapse, speciation reversals, and extinction of Swiss whitefish (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B64" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482: 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). For example, the only existing specimens of a now-extinct whitefish species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gutturosus" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gmelin 1818, can only be found in the collection of Paul Steinmann.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="common name">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
None; this species was not recognized by local fishermen or fisherwomen as distinct from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was thus also called &quot;Balchen&quot;. We suggest the German name &quot; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Steinmann’s">Steinmann's</normalizedToken>
Balchen&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>