375 lines
41 KiB
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375 lines
41 KiB
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<document id="A44ECDFD09A7190D56EB3F18F0FA15CF" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1." ID-CLB-Dataset="274475" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99249a81-fbb8-40be-8684-679b248a904c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464329791316" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="967487E2FF8BFF8EFF4D9F76FE1AF980" docLanguage="en" docName="data.B57F45E4F79E756521D0FF93724F43E0.cached" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paraephydra freitasi Oliveira" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="6A4DFF9AFF90FF93FFDA9E08FD10FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698630573745" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="E2455B850B9D248AE7F8C939AC233449" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8928A5ADC2C2417E4E6559864715A8E0">
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<mods:title id="772F84435374EF2E30A7892B04AFD667">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="492B915C59072654A15AC5CE11023C08" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B657F1046A1B46957BAFE14B6EE516D0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="588CAC94602BE0D2734B23A04F0A104B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B2D33E3F9F36F0DA9E3363C4A33301D0">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DB791BCF7FC5351EC67FC26CB94F743B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EA0949A64AD5B75E00EE40008BADEC3E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CE7416BEC434585DC968D463C944383">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="355DC1FD9DD58E23FF43247BE4DA4745">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FC5C709851FCD0372953EEE9765A952A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="BD4E8D4A92DC92366B037935F45B376C" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A7A45F16DF50A090CC9CFEE1AD4CD1AA">
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<mods:title id="330D66704CDFA811C9E363D2726247ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B581D6E65ADF1CE1C8AE88D30302A9BC">
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<mods:date id="D582532C7044C30921A746530300D344">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="964C68D772D019BC697CBEF0DC1AA6F2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="06C8D377439A1EC06809A97ADC45FA0B">4116</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0F8820F7B2345BC79252A889BBA14F13" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="771BEB4AA4DAF392EB46C3D176374117">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F7707DEEC9727114E69F9DC70ED31333" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2A3B67C420486F1448690E5161982FD4">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="256F2C3616D1CAF202F76185A62A839C">110</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="DC4900BFB5DFF98AC44A97B5A28387EE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BC94463E9C0F41573B4AAA52D8CC8174" type="CLB-Dataset">274475</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B0937B81A5911691C3A07652BDFEF39" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34F81A66CE1168B693502B978F3F6723" type="GBIF-Dataset">99249a81-fbb8-40be-8684-679b248a904c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="28A8152C80C345DC2368811558A424DC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C915B7EEEBA5636CE6246FD8B27B6086" type="Zenodo-Dep">257322</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCF0254B39AA1947C1FDD9F77FEF1AC2" type="ZooBank">22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="967487E2FF8BFF8EFF4D9F76FE1AF980" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967487E2FF8BFF8EFF4D9F76FE1AF980" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967487E2FF8BFF8EFF4D9F76FE1AF980" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8BFF88FF4D9F76FF3DFE45" box="[151,557,382,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF4D9F76FF3DFE45" blockId="27.[151,557,382,442]" box="[151,557,382,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="452A8198FF8BFF88FF4D9F76FF3DFE45" bold="true" box="[151,557,382,408]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF4D9F76FF3DFE45" bold="true" box="[151,557,382,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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6.
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8BFF88FF6E9F76FF3DFE45" ID-CoL="75NYK" authority="Oliveira" authorityName="Oliveira" box="[180,557,382,408]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF6E9F76FCBCFE45" bold="true" box="[180,428,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paraephydra freitasi</emphasis>
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(Oliveira)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8BFF88FF4D9FA9FC76FE67" box="[151,358,417,442]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF4D9FA9FC76FE67" blockId="27.[151,557,382,442]" box="[151,358,417,442]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FF4D9FA9FC03FE67" box="[151,275,417,442]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 35–40</figureCitation>
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, Map 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8BFF88FF4D9FE1FE97FDE1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF4D9FE1FC30FDC3" blockId="27.[151,1436,489,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3ECD11DAFF8BFF88FF4D9FE1FC30FDC3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8BFF88FF4D9FE1FF3CFE22" ID-CoL="8C2FR" authority="Oliveira 1954c: 292" authorityName="Oliveira" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,556,489,511]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF4D9FE1FC45FE22" box="[151,341,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ephydrella freitasi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FF8BFF88FE879FE1FF3CFE22" author="Oliveira" box="[349,556,489,511]" page="292" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FF8BFF88FE879FE1FCEAFE22" author="Oliveira" box="[349,506,489,511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Oliveira, S. J. de (1954 c) Sobre a presenca do genero " Ephydrella " Tonnoir and Malloch, (1926, na regiao neotropica, com descricao de uma nova especie (Diptera: Ephydridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 14 (3), 291 - 294." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="c">Oliveira 1954c</bibRefCitation>
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: 292
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FF8BFF88FD939FE1FFF9FE22" author="Wirth" box="[585,745,489,511]" page="23" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FF8BFF88FD939FE1FFD4FE22" author="Wirth" box="[585,708,489,511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1968) 77. Family Ephydridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1968">Wirth 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 23
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</treatmentCitation>
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[Neotropical catalog].—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FF8BFF88FC329FE1F840FE22" author="Mathis" box="[1000,1360,489,511]" page="247" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FF8BFF88FC329FE1F80EFE22" author="Mathis" box="[1000,1310,489,511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 247
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</treatmentCitation>
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[world catalog].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF4D9C2EFE97FDE1" blockId="27.[151,1436,489,572]" box="[151,903,550,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3ECD11DAFF8BFF88FF4D9C2EFE97FDE1" box="[151,903,550,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8BFF88FF4D9C2EFC7AFDE1" ID-CoL="75NYK" box="[151,362,550,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF4D9C2EFC7AFDE1" box="[151,362,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paraephydra freitasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FF8BFF88FE5D9C2EFF31FDE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3506946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3506946" author="Mathis" box="[391,545,550,572]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/902D87820367FFC7FF19E37BD0710765" page="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FF8BFF88FE5D9C2EFF1BFDE1" author="Mathis" box="[391,523,550,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Mathis, W. N. (2008) Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa, 1874, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Mathis 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 5
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</treatmentCitation>
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–7 [generic combination, revision].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8BFF88FF4D9C61F918F993" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF4D9C61F995FCCF" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF4D9C61FC01FD5F" bold="true" box="[151,273,617,642]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Specimens of
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FE619C62FF33FD5C" box="[443,547,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. f rei t a s i</emphasis>
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may be distinguished from other congeners of
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8BFF88FB9E9C61F9C8FD5F" box="[1092,1240,617,642]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FB9E9C61F9C8FD5F" box="[1092,1240,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paraephydra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: Mesofrons brown; face white to silvery white; gena short, gena-to-eye ratio 0.38; femora completely yellow; tarsi with basal tarsomeres mostly yellowish, becoming darker brown apically; and conformation of male terminalia. Moderately small shore flies, body length
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<quantity id="D9259B11FF8BFF88FBCA9CDDF9A7FD30" box="[1040,1207,725,750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.745" metricValueMax="2.76" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.745" valueMax="2.76" valueMin="2.73">2.73–2.76 mm</quantity>
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(
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<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FB139CDDF821FD33" box="[1225,1329,725,750]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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); dorsum generally dark or bluish green to gray, subshiny to shiny, paler in color, gray to yellowish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9D15FE71FBD3" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9D15FC14FCEB" box="[199,260,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FECF9D15FC7CFCEB" box="[277,364,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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): Head ratio 0.62–0.69; frontal ratio 0.56–0.57; mesofrons mostly shiny, with metallic luster, brown, becoming greenish blue laterally; ocelli in isosceles triangle, distance between medial ocellus and either posterior ocellus longer than distance between posterior ocelli; microtomentose, with small strip near vertex of parafrons along tract of vertical and fronto-orbital setae shinier, more or less concolorous with lateral margins of mesofrons. Antenna brown to black; basal flagellomere slightly grayer, appearing more microtomentose. Facial ratio 1.01–1.07; face mostly microtomentose, white to silvery white. Eye ratio 0.92–0.95; gena-to-eye ratio 0.31– 0.38; gena moderately high, more or less unicolorous with face.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9A11F9D6FAD7" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9A11FC08FBEF" box="[199,280,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Thorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FEFD9A11FC6BFBEF" box="[295,379,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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): Scutum dull gray to shiny, dark, bluish green, shinier posteriorly, dull coloration restricted to anterior portion anterior of 1st dorsocentral seta; scutellum shiny, unicolorous, concolorous with posterior portion of scutum; pleural areas brownish or bluish gray to whitish gray, dull, microtomentose; coloration change between scutum and pleural areas rather marked. Wing length
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<quantity id="D9259B11FF8BFF88FCD19A8DFEA5FB40" box="[779,949,1157,1182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" metricValueMax="2.85" metricValueMin="2.61" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.73" valueMax="2.85" valueMin="2.61">2.61–2.85 mm</quantity>
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; costal vein ratio 0.23–0.31; M vein ratio 0.72–0.74; wing mostly hyaline. Legs more or less concolorous; femora unicolorous, pale, yellow to yellowish orange; tibiae nearly concolorous with femora but slightly darker apically and ventrally; tarsi with basal tarsomeres mostly brown to dark brown apically, basitarsomere sometimes yellowish basally and ventrally.
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</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9B1DF918F993" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9B1DFC2AFAF3" box="[199,314,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Tergites generally unicolorous although metallic luster of anterior segments tends to be more concolorous with scutum, bluish green; posterior tergites becoming progressively more brownish in color; lateral margins duller, more microtomentose, grayer.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FD729B55FFF1FAAB" box="[680,737,1373,1398]" name="Malta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
terminalia (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FCB49B55FEEBFAAB" box="[878,1019,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 37–40</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
): epandrium in posterior view (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FABE9B55FDA4FA47" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 37</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) elliptical to obovate but more or less truncate ventrally, lateral margins shallowly curved to sinuous, especially toward venter; base of fused surstyli with partial suture to indicate fusion with venter of epandrium; posterior surstylar processes very slightly divergent; length of fused surstylar plate (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FC039BC1F99AFA3F" box="[985,1162,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 37–38, 39</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) more than twice width; internal terminalia much reduced and compact; phallapodeme apparently lacking or fused with base of aedeagus and hypandrium; aedeagus (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="86E62A71FF8BFF88FE019819FF21F9F7" box="[475,561,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) moderately wide throughout its length, elongate, shallowly curved; female ventral receptacle with a short, flattened cap and a robust, C-shaped extension.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8BFF8FFF1D9851FCDBF8E7" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9851F982F8FB" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9851FC69F9AF" bold="true" box="[199,377,1625,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FF1D9851FC12F9AF" box="[199,258,1625,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FE609851FF0CF9AF" box="[442,540,1625,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
female is labeled “[
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FCD09851FE45F9AF" box="[778,853,1625,1650]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
] Bodoquena[,] Mato Grosso
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8BFF88FB769852F81BF9AF" box="[1196,1291,1626,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1941-11">XI-1941</date>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8BFF88FAC79852F885F9AF" box="[1309,1429,1626,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1941-11">Nov 1941</date>
|
|||
|
|
] Com. I
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FF269876FC00F94B" box="[252,272,1662,1686]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
C/
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FEE19876FC66F94B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" box="[315,374,1662,1686]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">COL</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FE529876FCD8F94B" box="[392,456,1662,1686]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INST</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FE169876FCF0F94B" box="[460,480,1662,1686]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FE399876FF21F94B" box="[483,561,1662,1686]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CRUZ</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
NO. 719/
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FD6B9876FE55F94B" box="[689,837,1662,1686]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8BFF88FC8E9875F987F94B" authority="Oliveira" authorityName="Oliveira" box="[852,1175,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">Ephydrella freitasi Oliveira</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[red].” Three female
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FF4D98AAFC12F967" box="[151,258,1698,1722]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
are labeled with the same label data as the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FD2898A9FE44F967" box="[754,852,1697,1722]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
except for collection numbers, which are 718, 720, and 721. The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FEE898CEFC72F903" box="[306,354,1734,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
series is in the
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FDC898CEFF56F903" box="[530,582,1734,1758]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5rz8-qnyy" name="Colecao de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">IOC</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
. The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FD5998CDFFF5F903" box="[643,741,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
is glued to a paper point and is in good condition. Two of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FF4D98E2FC12F8DF" box="[151,258,1770,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
lack abdomens but otherwise the specimens are in good condition. The third
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FBBB98E2F9D1F8DF" box="[1121,1217,1770,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
is missing its head, and the left wing has been removed and is glued apart from the remainder of the specimen.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9939F951F897" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" box="[199,1089,1841,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9939FC75F897" bold="true" box="[199,357,1841,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8BFF88FF1D9939FC12F897" box="[199,258,1841,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FEB69939FCA4F897" box="[364,436,1841,1866]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Mato Grosso do Sul: Bodoquena (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FCE6993AFEBDF897" box="[828,941,1842,1866]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="92" value="-20.518333">20°31.1'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FC639939F925F897" box="[953,1077,1841,1866]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="92" value="-56.72167">56°43.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D995DFFD4F84F" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D995DFF00F8B3" bold="true" box="[199,528,1877,1902]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FDCC995EFE29F8B0" box="[534,825,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FDCC995EFFA1F8B0" box="[534,689,1878,1901]" name="Argentina" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Entre Ríos:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Rio Paraná, Ibicuy, Puerto Ibicuy (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FB1E995EF80EF8B3" box="[1220,1310,1878,1902]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-33.733334">33°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FAF0995DF89FF8B3" box="[1322,1423,1877,1902]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-59.183334">59°11'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8BFF88FF4D9972FC39F84F" box="[151,297,1914,1938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1979-12-10">10 Dec 1979</date>
|
|||
|
|
, C. M. and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FE719972FCD2F84F" box="[427,450,1914,1938]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. S. Flint (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFF8BFF88FDEB9972FF45F84F" box="[561,597,1914,1938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FDB89972FFA8F84F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[610,696,1914,1938]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D9996F840F86B" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" box="[199,1360,1949,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D9996FCBBF868" box="[199,427,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FF1D9996FC41F868" box="[199,337,1950,1973]" name="Paraguay" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Nueva:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Asunción (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FDF79996FF98F86B" box="[557,648,1950,1974]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-20.8">20°48'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FD4E9995FFEAF86B" box="[660,762,1949,1974]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-61.916668">61°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8BFF88FCD49995FEDBF86B" box="[782,971,1949,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1986-03-21" valueMax="1986-03-25" valueMin="1986-03-21">21–25 Mar 1986</date>
|
|||
|
|
, M. Pogue, A. Solis (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFF8BFF88FB679996F9F1F86B" box="[1213,1249,1950,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FB349996F854F86B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1262,1348,1950,1974]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8BFF88FF1D99CAF883F807" blockId="27.[151,1437,617,2010]" box="[199,1427,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8BFF88FF1D99CAFC4FF804" box="[199,351,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8BFF88FF1D99CAFC02F804" box="[199,274,1986,2009]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Lima:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Lima, Lagunas de Villa (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FDA799CAFFFCF807" box="[637,748,1986,2010]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="92" value="-12.055">12°03.3'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8BFF88FD2299CAFE4EF807" box="[760,862,1986,2010]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-77.05">77°03'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8BFF88FCA899CAF910F807" box="[882,1024,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1984-02-14">14 Feb 1984</date>
|
|||
|
|
, W. N. Mathis (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFF8BFF88FB6B99CAF9F6F807" box="[1201,1254,1986,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">20♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, 20♀;
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8BFF88FAEB99CAF897F807" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1329,1415,1986,2010]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="4AA2667CFF8CFF8FFF4D988AFE76F90B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257334/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[154,1432,204,1635]" targetPageId="28">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8CFF8FFF4D988AFE76F90B" blockId="28.[151,1436,1666,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFF4D988AFC4CF945" bold="true" box="[151,348,1666,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 35–40.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8CFF8FFEB1988BFFABF944" authority="Oliveira" authorityName="Oliveira" box="[363,699,1667,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFEB1988BFF56F944" box="[363,582,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paraephydra freitasi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Oliveira)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. (35) head, lateroblique view; (36) mesonotum, dorsal view; (37) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (38) same, lateral view; (39) surstylus, lateral view; (40) internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium gonite, aedeagus), lateral view (from Mathis 2008).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8CFF8FFF1D98F6FCDBF8E7" blockId="28.[151,1437,1789,2030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8CFF8FFF1D98F6FC03F8CB" box="[199,275,1790,1814]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">WEST</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
INDIES.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFE5498F7FF0CF8CB" box="[398,540,1789,1814]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Laguna Cartagena (S Mayaguez;
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8CFF8FFC6298F6F90DF8CB" box="[952,1053,1790,1814]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="18.001667">18°0.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FF8CFF8FFBF498F5F9BAF8CB" box="[1070,1194,1789,1814]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-67.10167">67°06.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<date id="6A631034FF8CFF8FFB1998F6F85FF8CB" box="[1219,1359,1790,1814]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1972-04-08">8 Apr 1972</date>
|
|||
|
|
, L. V. Knutson (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFF8CFF8FFEDC992AFC3BF8E7" box="[262,299,1826,1850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, 1♀;
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FF8CFF8FFEB3992AFCAFF8E7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[361,447,1826,1850]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8CFF8FFF1D994DFEB3F85F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8CFF8FFF1D994DFEB3F85F" blockId="28.[151,1437,1789,2030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFF1D994DFC49F883" bold="true" box="[199,345,1861,1886]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Map 6).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFE0D994DFF75F883" box="[471,613,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Neotropical:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFDAA994DFFCFF883" box="[624,735,1861,1886]" name="Argentina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Entre Ríos),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFC56994DFEC0F883" box="[908,976,1861,1886]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Mato Grosso do Sul),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFB2B994DF83EF883" box="[1265,1326,1861,1886]" name="Chile" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Osorno, Valdivia),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFED69962FC64F85F" box="[268,372,1898,1922]" name="Paraguay" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Nueva),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFE3E9962FF08F85C" box="[484,536,1898,1921]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Lima), West Indies (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8CFF8FFCD69962FE87F85F" box="[780,919,1897,1922]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFF8CFF8EFF1D9985FE1AF980" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8CFF8EFF1D9985FCC8FEC0" blockId="28.[151,1437,1789,2030]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFF1D9985FC2BF87B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1933,1958]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FF8CFF8FFE9D9985FF15F87B" author="Oliveira" box="[327,517,1933,1958]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Oliveira, S. J. de (1954 c) Sobre a presenca do genero " Ephydrella " Tonnoir and Malloch, (1926, na regiao neotropica, com descricao de uma nova especie (Diptera: Ephydridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 14 (3), 291 - 294." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="c">Oliveira (1954c)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
tentatively placed this species in the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8CFF8FFBCD9985F888F87B" authority="Tonnoir and Malloch" authorityName="Tonnoir and Malloch" box="[1047,1432,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFBCD9985F983F87B" box="[1047,1171,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ephydrella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Tonnoir and Malloch
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, awaiting males to further clarify its generic status. Using the brief descriptions of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8CFF8FFB4B99B9F81DF817" box="[1169,1293,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFB4B99B9F81DF817" box="[1169,1293,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ephydrella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species for comparison, Oliveira noted that
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFDF999DFFF89F833" box="[547,665,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. f re i t as i,</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
like species of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8CFF8FFCB799DDFEE0F833" box="[877,1008,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8CFF8FFCB799DDFEFBF833" box="[877,1003,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ephydrella</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
has a well-developed, prescutellar, acrostichal seta. But Oliveira lacked males for critical study of postabdominal structures and was unable to satisfactorily resolve the generic affinity of this species.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFCD79EB4FE3CFF09" box="[781,812,188,212]" name="American Samoa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">As</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
an added complication, it has now been discovered that not all members of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFEA99ED7FCFFFF25" box="[371,495,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFEA99ED7FCFFFF25" box="[371,495,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ephydrella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have prescutellar, acrostichal setae and that their occurrence in species related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFA5D9EE9FDF6FEC1" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFA5D9EE9FDF6FEC1" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. freitasi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is limited to females.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8DFF8EFF1D9F2FFDF6FE0D" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Identification of this species remains somewhat suspect, as males from the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="C1668856FF8DFF8EFBC19F20F95BFE9D" box="[1051,1099,296,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality or from a site nearby are still lacking and structures of the male terminalia provide important characters for species recognition in this tribe, including
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFE8D9F67FCE2FE55" box="[343,498,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFE8D9F67FCFEFE55" box="[343,494,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraephydra</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
In part, we are basing the identification of this species on the distributional information, with this species apparently being the more widespread Neotropical species, especially east of the Andes.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8DFF8EFF1D9FD4FE8BFDBD" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Discovery of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFEB29FD5FCC6FE29" box="[360,470,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFEB29FD5FCC6FE29" box="[360,470,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. freitasi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFDD99FD5FF9DFE28" box="[515,653,476,501]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
was unexpected, as its congeners are mostly from southern South
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFF4D9FF7FDEBFDC5" box="[151,251,511,536]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. This finding leads us to suspect that the distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFC469FF7F920FDC5" box="[924,1072,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFC469FF7F920FDC5" box="[924,1072,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paraephydra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
will be discovered to be more widespread than is presently known and that it would not be surprising to discover representatives of the genus in northern South
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFE9F9C4FFCB5FDBD" box="[325,421,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and Central
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFDEF9C4FFF88FDBD" box="[565,664,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, perhaps even
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FF8DFF8EFCE49C4FFE88FDBD" box="[830,920,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FF8DFF8EFF4D984FFE1AF980" blockId="29.[151,778,1607,1629]" box="[151,778,1607,1629]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFF4D984FFDF9F981" bold="true" box="[151,233,1607,1628]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MAP 6.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Distribution map for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FF8DFF8EFE1C984FFE16F980" authority="Oliveira" authorityName="Oliveira" box="[454,774,1607,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paraephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freitasi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FF8DFF8EFE1C984FFF89F980" box="[454,665,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paraephydra freitasi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Oliveira)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|