199 lines
23 KiB
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199 lines
23 KiB
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<document id="7DCFF96D371E4864EE88ECD201EEC0A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Mycteroperca Gill 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="451" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="451" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:mods id="2133DF2D755C9BE7DB4085C438FBB0DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6B2D786110643D10276D7D60D416599A">
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<mods:title id="893E5A4EE95119C23DFEEA01CF0DBB46">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="55BA037D94BEA5D0BEA418003BD6080E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1A0E408EA8369D5A739BC677BB93432F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BDED74BCF4F539E62454446FB59D34D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="263C321E78BF3AEB2A80589B89090E91">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55B94BDB4EE6AAF9320C400B4A6FE855">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="58B2D2DB54E89AC5380A7A6A5CE352CC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="24493BB4873423A5AFB08CBD5A59976B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="592042D853F1E35FAFCC5DAB4CF3E34D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4869023F42E0CB4C2E5F50CC2FF68617">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1A412145ABA8D2D9B4DD08A0C55A241">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6EA77C2F9D9E28379E418889CA142880" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA9FC048CF69193B57372CA2FCFFBC48">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="11CA19E1CD6DE38BDAFB5163F2D7782E">
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<mods:title id="CF38761088D85DC7F531A20FA8390DF1">Copeia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2170031E96CE8A386FE74AE13567A3A3">
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<mods:date id="866FD0CB635A6BF8B9AAB889BE6D72E7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FCEF824F3FD6A25D9CB286048D1CE5FD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="DFBDED3E578A829042835CB39B479734">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="77591A38D209B3BD4A7BB31E692381FD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="07FEF5BEC161FAFCD0011AD0457F91DC">106</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1956C5996379B437683CB7E16AD14F93" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5458C59F0F3A0DB1727A6F18F952494D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EE44FA50CDFD0423C8D7D0A658B14603">443</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="483AAEE27D20EB547EBE49B412D7B402">456</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="DB51C8205A2310FDA205964C3978CBC3">
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<mods:url id="0008F5FB228ABBC940225A4F2F8A30EC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="B597C3A01287E79B2666F648BEC6E24B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CB5F51FC2E7B342E8EDB295C8C7F373A" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9E010B22A126BCF6E26A1E3AA5D3690" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38F9807A68D13A21B2CBF5BF62664A0E" type="GBIF-Dataset">4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9085A833753512E1A993BDEB1322FD75" type="Zenodo-Dep">12536069</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536322" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C22F9B9" bold="true" box="[142,315,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C3DF9B9" box="[142,292,1542,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C3DF9B9" blockId="8.[142,813,1542,2023]" box="[142,292,1542,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C39F9B9" ID-CoL="5W7H" authority="Gill, 1862" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[142,288,1542,1565]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mycteroperca</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF3BFEC73D2568A7F8B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3BFEC73D2568A7F8B3" blockId="8.[142,813,1542,2023]" lastBlockId="8.[859,1530,1395,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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—Morphologically, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD993D246FE6F9B8" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[634,767,1543,1564]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD993D246FE6F9B8" box="[634,767,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE3B3D066F4BF99F" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[472,594,1573,1595]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE3B3D066F4BF99F" box="[472,594,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as they both have 10 or 11 dorsal-fin spines and lack trisegmental pterygiophores in the dorsal and anal fins, as well as the knob at the lower corner of maxilla (Heemstra and Randall, 1993). In past treatments,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFEFA3D836C87F911" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[281,414,1696,1717]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFEFA3D836C87F911" box="[281,414,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has primarily been distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF293D9D6C5DF970" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[202,324,1726,1748]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF293D9D6C5DF970" box="[202,324,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its greater number of anal-fin rays (10–13 in
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF4C3DFE6C2DF956" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[175,308,1757,1778]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF4C3DFE6C2DF956" box="[175,308,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 7–10 in
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE303DFF6F54F956" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[467,589,1756,1778]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE303DFF6F54F956" box="[467,589,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), its body depth at dorsal-fin origin not more than depth at anus, and in its caudal-fin shape (truncate, emarginate, or distinctly concave in
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF4F3C1A6C28F8EA" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[172,305,1849,1870]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF4F3C1A6C28F8EA" box="[172,305,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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versus generally round and rarely truncate in
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF6D3C746C11F8C9" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[142,264,1879,1901]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF6D3C746C11F8C9" box="[142,264,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Consistent with previous studies (Craig and Hastings, 2007; Zhuang et al., 2013; Ma et al., 2016), several species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFEE23CB76C62F80E" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[257,379,1940,1962]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFEE23CB76C62F80E" box="[257,379,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were nested within the clade containing
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF5A3C976C27F86D" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[185,318,1972,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF5A3C976C27F86D" box="[185,318,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE5D3C976F62F86D" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[446,635,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE5D3C976F62F86D" box="[446,635,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. albomarginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD6A3C976E11F86D" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[649,776,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD6A3C976E11F86D" box="[649,776,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. andersoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCF43C976C57F843" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCF43C976DF8F843" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1843" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">E. caninus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF133CF16C57F843" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[240,334,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">E. costae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE823CF16CC6F843" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[353,479,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epistictus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE823CF16CC6F843" box="[353,479,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. epistictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE123CF16F75F843" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[497,620,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE123CF16F75F843" box="[497,620,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. goreensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD9D3CF16E1DF843" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[638,772,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heniochus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD9D3CF16E1DF843" box="[638,772,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. heniochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCF43CF16ED6FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[791,975,1396,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCF43CF16ED6FA2D" box="[791,975,1396,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC053E57697BFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[998,1122,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrhua">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFC053E57697BFA2D" box="[998,1122,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. morrhua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB9B3E576800FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1144,1305,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB9B3E576800FA2D" box="[1144,1305,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. poecilonotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFAD33E57688CFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Fourmanoir & Crosnier" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1328,1429,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posteli">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFAD33E57688CFA2D" box="[1328,1429,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. posteli</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA073E576EB6FA03" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1868" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA073E576EB6FA03" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. radiatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Clade D,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFBC63EB16972FA03" box="[1061,1131,1426,1448]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFB9A3EB26990FA0C" box="[1145,1161,1425,1448]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). With the exception of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA7B3EB168EBFA03" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1432,1522,1425,1447]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA7B3EB168EBFA03" box="[1432,1522,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">M. rubra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, all other species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFBB23E9269CFFA62" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1105,1238,1457,1478]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFBB23E9269CFFA62" box="[1105,1238,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
form the monophyletic crown group to the entire clade (Clade D,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFA943EEC68DFFA40" box="[1399,1478,1487,1509]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFA3F3EEC68F5FA42" box="[1500,1516,1487,1510]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Although the species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB963ECE69F6F9A7" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1141,1263,1517,1539]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB963ECE69F6F9A7" box="[1141,1263,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
within this clade have 8–9 anal-fin rays and a rounded caudal fin, several (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA073D2E69C8F9E5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA073D2E6ED8F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">E. andersoni</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC353D0F6941F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[982,1112,1580,1601]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">E. goreensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB8F3D0F69C8F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Fourmanoir & Crosnier" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1132,1233,1579,1601]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posteli">E. posteli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) share the characteristic evenness of body depth typical of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB1B3D696864F9FB" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1272,1405,1610,1631]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB1B3D696864F9FB" box="[1272,1405,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Although morphological synapomorphies have yet to be found, all molecular data provide strong support for the monophyly of this clade of groupers, and hence it seems most prudent to include the 11 species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB8D3DE769F1F97E" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1134,1256,1732,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB8D3DE769F1F97E" box="[1134,1256,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFAE83DE66889F97E" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1291,1424,1733,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFAE83DE66889F97E" box="[1291,1424,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(the type species for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC393DC1694DF95C" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[986,1108,1762,1784]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFC393DC1694DF95C" box="[986,1108,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
being recovered within clade F, thus the monophyletic clade E
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB943C23699EF8B3" bold="true" box="[1143,1159,1792,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">þ</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
F retains the generic name).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|