treatments-xml/data/03/8D/1C/038D1C53FFBA664EFF7FFC06FA76FB3B.xml

<document id="D844EEB0A13C663FD92536ABC0EAFA61" ID-CLB-Dataset="59008" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d662343-deb7-48ce-9512-0d528900a155" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129470" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1688976383331" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madola, Indrakheela, Yakandawala, Deepthi &amp; Yakandawala, Kapila" docDate="2023" docId="038D1C53FFBA664EFF7FFC06FA76FB3B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.601.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 601 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FFB4642BFFB86646FFF7FFB2FFDDFFD3" masterDocTitle="Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae, a new addition to the genus Lagenandra (Araceae) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1732483305629" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="069F5FAE41C905D819114BAFBD692689">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae, a new addition to the genus Lagenandra (Araceae) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF7D65C4621EFF7E8D66E88F000E1B65">Madola, Indrakheela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77F87AB31E9BEDA7047D334D37D3298F">Department of Horticulture &amp; Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture &amp; Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka &amp; indrakheela @ wyb. ac. lk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0528 - 0318</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2502489824E4BECC04676373A6344016">Yakandawala, Deepthi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A2020B2B75E4C653A7367710C4E8482D">Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="432D7AA850484359BFF4CA76DDF6D75E">Yakandawala, Kapila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9934430E67787D8031A17F6D88B61008">Department of Horticulture &amp; Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture &amp; Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka &amp; kapilay @ wyb. ac. lk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5304 - 4603</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBA6644FF7FFC06FBC6FC1D" ID-CoL="CDH24" authority="Madola, D.Yakandawala &amp; K.Yakandawala" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,1051,948,975]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBA6644FF7FFC06FDD5FC1C" bold="true" box="[136,520,948,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
Madola, D.Yakandawala &amp; K.Yakandawala
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CC2CFFBA6644FBD0FC06FBA3FC1D" box="[1063,1150,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="131FB1C0FFBA6644FB7AFC06FB27FC1D" box="[1165,1274,948,974]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,229,1059,1081]" captionStartId-3="6.[136,234,1992,2014]" captionStartId-4="7.[136,234,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1413,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1422,190,1928]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,190,1035]" captionTargetBox-3="[209,1378,190,1968]" captionTargetBox-4="[253,1334,192,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[175,1413,190,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@4.[166,1422,190,1928]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1035]" captionTargetId-3="figure-33@6.[209,1378,190,1968]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@7.[251,1336,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Habitat of Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae, on the banks of the streamlet." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Habit of Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae; A. Leaves with lighter green upper surface and light cream mixed with marron spathes. B. Leaves with dark green upper surface and purple lower surface and dark marron spathe. C. Leaves with dark green upper surface maroon spathe., all occurring together along the stretch of the streamlet." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Variation in leaf and spathe colour of Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae; A1. and A2. Leaves with lighter green upper surface and light cream mixed with marron spathes. B1. and B2. Leaves with dark green upper surface and maroon spathe.C1. and C2. Leaves with dark green upper surface and purple lower surface and dark marron spathe. Note that A1. And B1. are upper leaf surfaces while C1. is lower surface." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae;A. Leaf. B. and C. Spathe from different angles showing the opening in the limb. D. Spathe dissected and opened. E. Kettle with the spadix. F. Appendix and staminate flower zone. G. Pistillate flower zone. H. Infructescence and I. Seeds." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae; A. Habit. B. Spathe. C. Infructescence and D. Seeds." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129472" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129474" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129476" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129478" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129480" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8129472/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8129474/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8129476/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8129478/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8129480/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBA6644FF7FFC4EFDDDFBC5" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,512,1020,1046]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBA6644FF7FFC4EFDDDFBC5" box="[136,512,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
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can be differentiated from all other described species on the basis of the linear limb (5.0–9.5 × 1.0– 
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), where the limb opens only at the base of the tail extending only about 1/5 of the length and the width of the opening remains &lt;
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.
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, 
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asl
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. Collected 
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, 
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&amp; 
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(
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!, isotypes 
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!, 
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!)
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.
</paragraph>
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Evergreen large herb with creeping to erect rhizome ca. 
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in diam. Cataphylls ca. 
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, 1–2 keeled. Petiole ca. 
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long, ca. 
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wide, sheath ca. 
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long, unequal. Leaf blades upper surface green/ dark green, lower surface green/dark green, rarely dark purple in some plants, blades more or less oblong or linear, apex narrowly acute, base gradually tapering/acute or slightly rounded, margin entire, blade ca. 17–28 × 
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; midrib visible on both surfaces and prominent on the lower surface. Peduncle ca. 
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long, 
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width. Spathe light/dark maroon or light cream, with no distinct warts, ca. 
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long, kettle ca. 1.2–1.7 × 
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, dark maroon smooth longitudinal striations inside; limb ca. 5.0–9.5 × 
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, un-twisted, opens only at the base of the tail extending only about 1/5 of the length and width of the opening remains &lt;
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, cream and/or light maroon with regular white stripes and/or vertically irregularly pattern; tail ca. 1.2–6.0 × 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFBA6644FC13FA62FB83FA39" box="[996,1118,1488,1514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3cm</quantity>
. Spadix ca. 1.2–2.0 cm long; pistillate flower zone ca. 0.4–0.6 × 
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; sterile zone ca. 
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long; staminate flower zone ca. 0.3–0.5 × 
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; appendix ca. 0.1–0.3 × 
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. Pistils ca. 35–45, closely arranged. Style clearly visible. Staminate flowers ca. 60–70. Infructescence up to 
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long (including the peduncle), prolate, capsules fleshy up to 30–35, with warty out-growths. Seeds 1–2, size ca. 0.5–0.7 × 
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and longitudinally ridged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5BFDCDFFBB6645FF7FF8CCFC09F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129472" box="[136,980,1918,1940]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129472/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" targetBox="[175,1413,190,1893]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBB6645FF7FF8CCFC09F847" blockId="3.[136,980,1918,1940]" box="[136,980,1918,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBB6645FF7FF8CCFF23F840" bold="true" box="[136,254,1918,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBB6645FE9DF8CCFD71F840" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[362,684,1918,1939]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBB6645FE9DF8CCFD71F840" box="[362,684,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the banks of the streamlet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFBB6643FF4AF870FD1AFA15" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBB6645FF4AF870FA88F7F7" blockId="3.[136,1452,1986,2085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBB6645FF4AF870FCFEF80E" bold="true" box="[189,803,1986,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Distribution, phenology and conservation status:—</emphasis>
To date distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBB6645FBDEF871FAEDF80F" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[1065,1328,1986,2012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBB6645FBDEF871FAEDF80F" box="[1065,1328,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to one locality in 
<collectingCountry id="F333EDD5FFBB6645FE2CF854FD91F7D3" box="[475,588,2022,2048]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, which is close to the Reservoir in the Hiyare Forest Reserve. The population is spread along about 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFBB6645FE8BF7B8FE68F7F6" box="[380,437,2058,2085]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
on the side of a streamlet and consists of about 130 young and mature individuals.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5BFDCDFFBC6642FF7FF813FC5BF82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129474/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[166,1422,190,1928]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBC6642FF7FF813FC5BF82C" blockId="4.[136,1452,1953,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBC6642FF7FF813FF23F865" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Habit of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBC6642FEABF813FD7DF865" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,672,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBC6642FEABF813FD7DF865" box="[348,672,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A. Leaves with lighter green upper surface and light cream mixed with marron spathes. B. Leaves with dark green upper surface and purple lower surface and dark marron spathe. C. Leaves with dark green upper surface maroon spathe., all occurring together along the stretch of the streamlet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5BFDCDFFBD6643FF7FFB91FEFAFB76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129476/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" startId="5.[136,229,1059,1081]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1035]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF7FFB91FEFAFB76" blockId="5.[136,1452,1059,1189]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FF7FFB91FF20FBEB" bold="true" box="[136,253,1059,1081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Variation in leaf and spathe colour of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBD6643FD9DFB91FC71FBEB" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[618,940,1059,1080]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FD9DFB91FC71FBEB" box="[618,940,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A1. and A2. Leaves with lighter green upper surface and light cream mixed with marron spathes. B1. and B2. Leaves with dark green upper surface and maroon spathe.C1. and C2. Leaves with dark green upper surface and purple lower surface and dark marron spathe. Note that A1. And B1. are upper leaf surfaces while C1. is lower surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF4AFB66FE58FAAD" blockId="5.[136,1452,1236,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Hiyare Forest Reserve is a Tropical wet lowland evergreen forest located in the Galle district (low country wet zone) extended over an area of 250 ha which consists of 22.22 ha of man-made reservoir (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFBD6643FB42FB4AFAB4FAC1" author="de Silva, M. P." box="[1205,1385,1272,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="237 - 247" refId="ref3519" refString="de Silva, M. P. (1996) Biodiversity in the catchment of Hiyare reservoir. In: Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 1996. pp. 237 - 247." type="proceedings paper" year="1996">De Silva, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The Tributary of the river Gin Ganga, the stream Mahadola rises in the western part of the catchment and field studies conducted revealed high biodiversity among flora and fauna including many endemics (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFBD6643FB94FAF2FB3AFA89" author="de Silva, M. P." box="[1123,1255,1344,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="237 - 247" refId="ref3519" refString="de Silva, M. P. (1996) Biodiversity in the catchment of Hiyare reservoir. In: Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 1996. pp. 237 - 247." type="proceedings paper" year="1996">Silva, 1996</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFBD6643FB04FAF2FEA4FAAD" author="Hapuarachchi, G. K. &amp; Kathriarachchi, H. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="15" refId="ref3753" refString="Hapuarachchi, G. K. &amp; Kathriarachchi, H. S. (2012) Diversity of tree flora of the catchments of Hiyare reservoir. In: Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 17: 15." type="journal article" year="2012">Hapuarachchi &amp; Kathriarachchi, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF4AFA3AFD1AFA15" blockId="5.[136,1452,1236,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Peak flowering of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBD6643FE7EFA3BFD50FA71" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[393,653,1416,1442]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FE7EFA3BFD50FA71" box="[393,653,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed from November-April and fruiting from January-July and November. Occasionally flowering in May to June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFBD6643FF4AFA62FBD4F849" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF4AFA62FBD4F849" blockId="5.[136,1452,1236,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
The calculated AOO accounted to 
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<superScript id="7C51000DFFBD6643FD8CFA62FD5EFA0D" attach="left" box="[635,643,1488,1502]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">2</superScript>
while we were unable to calculate the EOO due to the presence of only one data point. Therefore, the EOO was also taken as equal to AOO. Considering the facts that 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBD6643FB50FA47FA71F9DD" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[1191,1452,1524,1550]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FB50FA47FA71F9DD" box="[1191,1452,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being restricted to only one locality in the country, and the number of healthy individuals in the population is restricted to around 130 young and mature individuals, scattered along the bank of a streamlet in the reservoir. Following the present IUCN guidelines (2022); based on Criterion B and C this species qualifies for Critically Endangered category (CR) under the thresholds for B1, B2 and C2. Further evaluation under the Criterion B, B1 and B2, based on geographic range, with only 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFBD6643FEB5F91AFEA7F911" box="[322,378,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C51000DFFBD6643FE8DF91AFE5FF965" attach="left" box="[378,386,1704,1718]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">2</superScript>
of EOO and AOO, number of locations is considered as 1 (a) and the subpopulations exhibited a continuing decline in the quality of habitat (iii) and number of mature individuals (v). When considering all these facts, 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBD6643FF7FF943FE51F8D9" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,396,1776,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FF7FF943FE51F8D9" box="[136,396,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
qualifies for CR category under Criterion B1ab (iii, v) + B2ab (iii, v). According to the Criterion C; Small population size and decline, where the number of mature individuals been &lt;250, and with an observed, estimated, projected, or inferred continuing decline in the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation C2a (i), qualifies for the CR category under Criterion C2. Considering all these facts, 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBD6643FBE1F8EFFAC1F8A5" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[1046,1308,1884,1910]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FBE1F8EFFBFBF8A5" box="[1046,1062,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FBC3F8EEFAC1F8A5" box="[1076,1308,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
qualifies for Critically Endangered category under Criterion B1ab(iii, v)+B2ab(iii, v)+C2a(i)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFBD6643FF4AF816FF0BF831" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF4AF816FF0BF831" blockId="5.[136,1452,1236,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FF4AF816FEE3F86D" bold="true" box="[189,318,1956,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Habitat:—</emphasis>
The plants inhabit the banks of a shady streamlet in the Tropical Low Country Evergreen Rain Forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFBD6643FF4AF85EFD02F7D5" box="[189,735,2028,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBD6643FF4AF85EFD02F7D5" blockId="5.[136,1452,1236,2054]" box="[189,735,2028,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBD6643FF4AF85EFE6BF7D5" bold="true" box="[189,438,2028,2054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Vernacular Name:—</emphasis>
‘Hiyare kethala’ (Sinhala).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5BFDCDFFBE6640FF7FF87AFF06F7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129478/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" startId="6.[136,234,1992,2014]" targetBox="[209,1378,190,1968]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBE6640FF7FF87AFF06F7F5" blockId="6.[136,1452,1992,2086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBE6640FF7FF87AFEDCF80E" bold="true" box="[136,257,1992,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBE6640FEF1F87AFD9AF80E" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[262,583,1992,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBE6640FEF1F87AFD9AF80E" box="[262,583,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A. Leaf. B. and C. Spathe from different angles showing the opening in the limb. D. Spathe dissected and opened. E. Kettle with the spadix. F. Appendix and staminate flower zone. G. Pistillate flower zone. H. Infructescence and I. Seeds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5BFDCDFFBF6641FF7FF8CCFB8CF847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129480" box="[136,1105,1918,1940]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129480/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" startId="7.[136,234,1918,1940]" targetBox="[253,1334,192,1892]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBF6641FF7FF8CCFB8CF847" blockId="7.[136,1105,1918,1940]" box="[136,1105,1918,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FF7FF8CCFEDEF840" bold="true" box="[136,259,1918,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFBF6641FEFFF8CCFD96F840" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[264,587,1918,1939]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FEFFF8CCFD96F840" box="[264,587,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Lagenandra limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A. Habit. B. Spathe. C. Infructescence and D. Seeds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFBF6641FF4AF871FF1EF7F7" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFBF6641FF4AF871FF1EF7F7" blockId="7.[136,1452,1986,2084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FF4AF871FE8BF80E" bold="true" box="[189,342,1987,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Eponymy:—</emphasis>
The species name is formed by a conjunction of the Latin wording for limb, 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FB5CF870FB2BF80F" box="[1195,1270,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">limbus</emphasis>
; slightly, 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FA93F870FA71F80F" box="[1380,1452,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">leviter</emphasis>
and open, 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFBF6641FEF5F855FE96F7D3" box="[258,331,2023,2048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">aperta</emphasis>
(apertae). Adopted here to the highlight the distinctive feature of the spathe, the slightly opened limb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFB0664EFF4AFF2CFAB2FF0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF4AFF2CFAB2FF0F" blockId="8.[136,1451,158,221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA718FFB0664EFF4AFF2CFAB7FF0F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4153343301" collectingDate="1971-11-20" collectingDateMax="2021-01-16" collectingDateMin="1971-11-20" collectionCode="PDA" collectorName="Madola &amp; Yakandawala" country="United States of America" county="Balakrishnan" elevation="111" location="Hiyare Forest Reserve" municipality="Hiyare Reservoir" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" specimenCode="L188" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFF4AFF2CFD32FF6B" bold="true" box="[189,751,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="549F13E7FFB0664EFDBEFF2CFD18FF6B" box="[585,709,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):—
</emphasis>
<location id="8EFBFB9EFFB0664EFD18FF2CFC33FF6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1C53FFBA664EFF7FFC06FA76FB3B:8EFBFB9EFFB0664EFD18FF2CFC33FF6A" box="[751,1006,158,185]" country="United States of America" county="Balakrishnan" municipality="Hiyare Reservoir" name="Hiyare Forest Reserve" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Hiyare Forest Reserve</location>
, 
<elevation id="00094A76FFB0664EFC0CFF2CFBB7FF6B" box="[1019,1130,158,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="111.0">
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFC0CFF2CFB9DFF6A" box="[1019,1088,158,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="111.0">111 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
. Collected 
<date id="FF9A8B85FFB0664EFB1EFF2CFA7AFF6B" box="[1257,1447,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" value="2021-01-16">
<collectingDate id="EFDE726DFFB0664EFB1EFF2CFA7AFF6B" box="[1257,1447,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" value="2021-01-16">16 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFF7FFF70FE5EFF0F" box="[136,387,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName id="26D1C893FFB0664EFF7FFF70FF3FFF0F" box="[136,226,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Madola</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26D1C893FFB0664EFF1AFF70FE5EFF0F" box="[237,387,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Yakandawala</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFE50FF70FDA0FF0F" box="[423,637,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName id="26D1C893FFB0664EFE50FF70FDE0FF0F" box="[423,573,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Yakandawala</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="DB82053EFFB0664EFDB3FF70FDA0FF0F" box="[580,637,194,220]" collectionCode="L" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">L188</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED353580FFB0664EFD7AFF70FD12FF0F" box="[653,719,194,220]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">PDA</collectionCode>
!); 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF373FFFB0664EFD10FF70FC74FF0F" box="[743,937,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Hiyare Reservoir</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FF9A8B85FFB0664EFC43FF70FB90FF0F" box="[948,1101,194,221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" value="1971-11-20">
<collectingDate id="EFDE726DFFB0664EFC43FF70FB90FF0F" box="[948,1101,194,221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" value="1971-11-20">20 Nov. 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBAEFF70FAFCFF0F" box="[1113,1313,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<collectingCounty id="62FAD5C9FFB0664EFBAEFF70FB2DFF0F" box="[1113,1264,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Balakrishnan</collectingCounty>
993
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F333EDD5FFB0664EFAC5FF70FA83FF0F" box="[1330,1374,194,220]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EFECEFFB0664EFF7FFEB8FA76FB3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFEB8FC0FFE9B" blockId="8.[136,1451,266,329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFF7FFEB8FC0FFE9B" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
A taxonomic key modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFDFAFEB8FD1BFEF7" author="Nicolson, D. H." box="[525,710,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref4074" refString="Nicolson, D. H. (1987) Araceae. In: Dassanayake, M. D. &amp; Fosberg, F. R. (eds.) A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Vol. VI. Amerind Publishing Co, Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, pp. 75 - 85." type="book chapter" year="1987">Nicolson (1987)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFD39FEB8FC16FEF7" author="Madola, I. &amp; Yakandawala, K. &amp; Yakandawala, D. &amp; Karunaratne, S." box="[718,971,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="216 - 222" refId="ref3871" refString="Madola, I., Yakandawala, K., Yakandawala, D. &amp; Karunaratne, S. (2021 a) Lagenandra wayambae (Araceae), a new endemic species from a freshwater swamp forest of Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 489: 216 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 489.2.10" type="journal article" year="2021">
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFCC5FEB9FCB9FEF6" bold="true" box="[818,868,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
. (2021a)
</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFC24FEB8FB0FFEF7" author="Madola, I. &amp; Yakandawala, D. &amp; Yakandawala, K. &amp; Karunaratne, S." box="[979,1234,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="187 - 199" refId="ref3932" refString="Madola, I., Yakandawala, D., Yakandawala, K. &amp; Karunaratne, S. (2021 b) Two new species of Lagenandra (Araceae) from the wet zone of Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 522: 187 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 522.3.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBC0FEB9FBB4FEF6" bold="true" box="[1079,1129,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
. (2021b)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFAF8FEB8FF0EFE9B" author="Madola, I. &amp; Yakandawala, D. &amp; Yakandawala, K." pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="110 - 126" refId="ref3990" refString="Madola, I., Yakandawala, D. &amp; Yakandawala, K. (2022) A new Lagenandra species with two varieties from the Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 567: 110 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 567.2.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFA85FEB9FA78FEF6" bold="true" box="[1394,1445,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
. (2022)
</bibRefCitation>
including the new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFDE2FE9DFCC2FE9A" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[533,799,302,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFDE2FE9DFCC2FE9A" bold="true" box="[533,799,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is given below.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="FFB5FA74FFB0664EFF7FFEC1FA76FB3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFEC1FA76FE0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFEC1FA71FE76" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFEC1FA71FE76" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
1. The whole spathe, standing well above the leaves. Leaves aligned more or less parallel to the substrate .......................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFBEDFE22FA7AFE76" authority="Madola et al. (2022: 115)" authorityName="Madola" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="2022" box="[1050,1447,399,421]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peradeniyae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBEDFE22FB77FE77" box="[1050,1194,399,421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. peradeniyae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB47FE3DFA7AFE76" author="Madola, I. &amp; Yakandawala, D. &amp; Yakandawala, K." box="[1200,1447,399,421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="110 - 126" refId="ref3990" refString="Madola, I., Yakandawala, D. &amp; Yakandawala, K. (2022) A new Lagenandra species with two varieties from the Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 567: 110 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 567.2.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB08FE22FAEDFE77" box="[1279,1328,399,421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2022: 115)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFE1FFA76FE0D" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFE1FFA76FE0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Spathe placed below the leaves, in some cases only the tail and limb are placed above the leaves (
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFB82FE1FFB04FE12" ID-CoL="6NSZL" authorityName="de Wit" authorityYear="1978" box="[1141,1241,428,450]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bogneri">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB82FE1FFB04FE12" box="[1141,1241,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. bogneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFAF1FE1FFA8EFE11" ID-CoL="6NSZM" authorityName="de Wit" authorityYear="1978" box="[1286,1363,429,450]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosa">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAF1FE1FFA8EFE11" box="[1286,1363,429,450]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. erosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Leaves not placed horizontally on the soil......................................................................................................................................................2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFE54FA76FDCA" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFE54FA76FE28" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,486,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFE54FA76FE28" box="[136,1451,486,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">2. Spathe distinctly warty outside...........................................................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFDB1FA76FDCA" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,515,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFDB1FA76FDCA" box="[136,1451,515,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">– Spathe smooth or merely roughened outside by papillae...................................................................................................................6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFD92FA76FDBD" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFD92FA76FD82" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFD92FA76FD82" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
3. Warts large (1.5–3.0 mm long); spathe limb abruptly globular-inflated above the kettle.................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFC44FD8FFA76FD82" ID-CoL="3RWF3" authority="(Linnaeus 1753: 967) Thwaites (1864: 334)" authorityName="Thwaites" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="967" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[947,1451,572,594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFC44FD8FFBDFFD81" box="[947,1026,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. ovata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1753: 967) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB2BFD8EFA76FD82" author="Thwaites, G. H. K." box="[1244,1451,572,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" refId="ref4407" refString="Thwaites, G. H. K. (1864) Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae. Dulau &amp; Co, London, pp. 334." type="book" year="1864">Thwaites (1864: 334)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFDEBFA76FDBD" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,601,623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFDEBFA76FDBD" box="[136,1451,601,623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">– Warts small (to 1.0 mm); spathe limb subcylindric............................................................................................................................4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFDC4FA76FD7B" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFDC4FA76FD58" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,630,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFDC4FA76FD58" box="[136,1451,630,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
4. Spathe large (more than 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFE49FDC4FE24FD58" box="[446,505,630,651]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long); pistillate flowers more than 60........................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFBAFFDC4FA76FD58" ID-CoL="3RWF4" authority="de Wit (1983: 299)" authorityName="de Wit" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1983" box="[1112,1451,630,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissa">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBAFFDC4FB33FD58" box="[1112,1262,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. praetermissa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB02FDC4FA76FD58" author="de Wit, H. C. D." box="[1269,1451,630,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="299" refId="ref3589" refString="de Wit, H. C. D. (1983) Aquarienpflanzen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. pp. 291; 299." type="journal article" year="1983">de Wit (1983: 299)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFD21FA76FD7B" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,658,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFD21FA76FD7B" box="[136,1451,658,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Spathe small (up to 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFE64FD21FE0FFD7B" box="[403,466,659,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
); pistillate flowers less than 40 ................................................................................................................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFD1DFA76FCC8" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFD1DFA76FD32" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFD1DFA76FD32" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
5. Spathe outside with few distinct irregular warts. Leaves linear lanceolate to linear ovate.................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFBD8FD7FFA76FD32" ID-CoL="9V7RM" authority="Madola et al. (2021: 217)" authorityName="Madola" authorityPageNumber="217" authorityYear="2021" box="[1071,1451,716,738]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wayambae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBD8FD7FFB72FD32" box="[1071,1199,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. wayambae</emphasis>
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAF3FD7FFAE8FD32" box="[1284,1333,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2021: 217)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFD5BFA76FCC8" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFD5BFA76FCC8" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Spathe outside, rugose, not with distinct warts. Leaves broadly elliptic or broadly lance-ovate......................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFC5AFCB4FA76FCC8" ID-CoL="6NSZF" authority="(Schott 1857: 221) Thwaites (1864: 334)" authorityName="Thwaites" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityPageNumber="221" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[941,1451,774,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFC5AFCB4FBFEFCC8" box="[941,1059,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. lancifolia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFBDEFCB4FB0DFCC8" author="Schott, H. W." box="[1065,1232,774,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="219 - 223" refId="ref4176" refString="Schott, H. W. (1857) Cryptocorynenskizze. Bonplandia 5: 219 - 223." type="journal article" year="1857">Schott 1857: 221</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB2BFCB4FA76FCC8" author="Thwaites, G. H. K." box="[1244,1451,774,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" refId="ref4407" refString="Thwaites, G. H. K. (1864) Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae. Dulau &amp; Co, London, pp. 334." type="book" year="1864">Thwaites (1864: 334)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFC91FA76FC86" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFC91FA76FCEB" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,803,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFC91FA76FCEB" box="[136,1451,803,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
6. Leaf-blade sublinear, ca. 10 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFE14FC91FE2EFCEB" box="[483,499,803,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">×</emphasis>
longer than broad...............................................................................................................................7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFCF2FA76FC86" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,831,853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFCF2FA76FC86" box="[136,1451,831,853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Leaf-blade ovate-lanceolate, to 5 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFDE2FCF2FDF8FC86" box="[533,549,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">×</emphasis>
longer than broad.......................................................................................................................8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFCEFFA77FC5C" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFCEFFA77FCA2" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1450,860,882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFCEFFA77FCA2" box="[136,1450,860,882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
7. Leaf-blade to 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFEAEFCEEFE49FCA1" box="[345,404,860,882]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
long, margins smooth. Inside of spathe limb strongly laterally ribbed, outside dark purple ............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFAB3FCEFFA77FCA2" ID-CoL="6NSZC" authorityName="Thwaites" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1348,1450,860,882]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koenigii">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAB3FCEFFA77FCA2" box="[1348,1450,860,882]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. koenigii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFCCBFA77FC5C" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1450,889,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFCCBFA77FC5C" box="[136,1450,889,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Leaf-blade to 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFEAEFCCBFE49FC5D" box="[345,404,889,910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
long, margins erose. Inside of spathe limb rugose spongy, outside green ............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFAAAFCC8FA77FC5C" ID-CoL="6NSZM" authorityName="de Wit" authorityYear="1978" box="[1373,1450,890,911]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosa">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAAAFCC8FA77FC5C" box="[1373,1450,890,911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. erosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFC24FA76FC1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFC24FA76FC78" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,918,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFC24FA76FC78" box="[136,1451,918,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
8. Spathe limb, inflated and opening subhorizontally .......................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFB84FC24FA76FC78" ID-CoL="6NSZJ" authority="de Wit (1983: 291)" authorityName="de Wit" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1983" box="[1139,1451,918,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacobsenii">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB84FC24FB32FC78" box="[1139,1263,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. jacobsenii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB02FC24FA76FC78" author="de Wit, H. C. D." box="[1269,1451,918,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="299" refId="ref3589" refString="de Wit, H. C. D. (1983) Aquarienpflanzen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. pp. 291; 299." type="journal article" year="1983">de Wit (1983: 291)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFC01FA76FC1B" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,947,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFC01FA76FC1B" box="[136,1451,947,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">– Spathe limb not inflated sub-erect, cylindrical, and opening subvertically\ ......................................................................................9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFC62FA76FBD2" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFC62FA76FC36" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFC62FA76FC36" box="[136,1451,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
9. Spathe yellow-green, limb inside surface yellowish white .............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFB84FC62FA76FC36" ID-CoL="6NSZL" authority="de Wit (1978: 33 - 34)" authorityName="de Wit" authorityPageNumber="33 - 34" authorityYear="1978" box="[1139,1451,975,997]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bogneri">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB84FC62FB0AFC37" box="[1139,1239,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. bogneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB2AFC7DFA76FC36" author="de Wit, H. C. D." box="[1245,1451,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref3555" refString="de Wit, H. C. D. (1978) Revisie van het genus Lagenandra Dalzell (Araceae). Mededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen 78: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1978">de Wit (1978: 33–34)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFC5FFA76FBD2" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFC5FFA76FBD2" box="[136,1451,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">– Spathe maroon, limb inside surface maroon ....................................................................................................................................10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFBBBFA76FBE8" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFBBBFA76FBCD" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,1033,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFBBBFA76FBCD" box="[136,1451,1033,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">10. Limb un-twisted................................................................................................................................................................................11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFB94FA76FBE8" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFB94FA76FBE8" box="[136,1451,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">– Limb twisted.....................................................................................................................................................................................12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5E0FFB0664EFF7FFBF1FA76FBA7" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFBF1FA76FB8B" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,1090,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFBF1FA76FB8B" box="[136,1451,1090,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
11. Spathe light maroon/violet; limb opens up widely and is placed 45° to the kettle ........... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFBEAFBF1FA76FB8B" ID-CoL="9V6LK" authority="Madola et al. (2021: 190)" authorityName="Madola" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="2021" box="[1053,1451,1091,1113]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kalugalensis">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBEAFBF1FB72FB8B" box="[1053,1199,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. kalugalensis</emphasis>
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAF3FBF1FAE8FB8B" box="[1284,1333,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2021: 190)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFBD2FA76FBA7" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" box="[136,1451,1119,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFBD2FA76FBA7" box="[136,1451,1119,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Spathe light/dark maroon or light cream; limb opens up slightly (&lt;
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) at the base of the tail.................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFB3CFBD2FA76FBA7" authorityName="Madola, D. Yakandawala &amp; K. Yakandawala" authorityYear="2023" box="[1227,1451,1119,1141]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbusleviterapertae">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB3CFBD2FA76FBA7" box="[1227,1451,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. limbusleviterapertae</emphasis>
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</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFBCEFA76FB7C" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFBCEFA76FB7C" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
12. Leaf blade small (upto 20 × 
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); narrowly ovate to lanceolate; dark green, silver margin conspicuous, abaxial surface smooth .. .......................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFB80FB28FA76FB7C" ID-CoL="3RWF6" authority="Engler (1879: 621)" authorityName="Engler" authorityPageNumber="621" authorityYear="1879" box="[1143,1451,1177,1199]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thwaitesii">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFB80FB28FB33FB7D" box="[1143,1262,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. thwaitesii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0B4FFB0664EFB03FB2BFA76FB7C" author="Engler, A." box="[1268,1451,1177,1199]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="620 - 623" refId="ref3614" refString="Engler, A. (1879) Araceae. In: De Candolle, A. &amp; De Candolle, C. (eds.) Monographiae Phanerogamarum 2: 620 - 623." type="journal article" year="1879">Engler (1879: 621)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD45FFB0664EFF7FFB04FA76FB3B" blockId="8.[136,1452,371,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<keyLead id="30D50E70FFB0664EFF7FFB04FA76FB3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
– Leaf blade large (upto 28 × 
<quantity id="4CDC00A0FFB0664EFE29FB04FD9AFB18" box="[478,583,1206,1228]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="7.75" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="5.0">5–10.5 cm</quantity>
); ovate to narrowly ovate; light green; with a faint silver margin, abaxial surface rugrose .. ............................................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6C6FFB0664EFBD4FB61FA76FB3B" ID-CoL="9V3N7" authority="Madola et al. (2021: 193)" authorityName="Madola" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="2021" box="[1059,1451,1235,1257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lagenandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="srilankensis">
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFBD4FB61FB72FB3B" box="[1059,1199,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">L. srilankensis</emphasis>
Madola 
<emphasis id="B9507157FFB0664EFAF3FB61FAE8FB3B" box="[1284,1333,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2021: 193)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>