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405 lines
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<document id="DC62AE0D16A00154F88B79D26E07E3B7" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524" ID-ZooBank="BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" ID-publisher-id="140524" URI-arpha="8BBD979A-A43B-550B-853F-36895E8AFD3A" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734967240283" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Muller, Burgert S., Swart, Vaughn R. & Snyman, Louwrens P." docDate="2024" docId="2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(2): 247-327" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (2)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/140524/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Suragina bilobata Muller 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="8BBD979AA43B550B853F36895E8AFD3A" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1734967378367" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="21895EEFDE8C6135EC34C305BCA05ED4">
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<mods:title id="60D728FC74335FB2E7D9F71E6CD1C68E">Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EE2788D1C43AEC51E80F4B1B16D0D86F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="45E53557F527DA134896663AF8A438D6">Muller, Burgert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="07651F87C959435F3B668232E41F7674" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7304-4050</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8C482041433257625A437AE6E1C186F">Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B29570D1DBEE9F86BCDD51B70E081DF5" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="104D707B6904777C5799C4241358530A">Swart, Vaughn R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B9BB4DBEC7AF400FDDFC6925D356ED0E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7905-5298</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F094EE95D501616462EC2BEEFD9CE0CB">Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6D398206025EB5A7B228A5AB68EDE5FC" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ABE234D2FC54CAD3B29AA1036B3D62A8">Snyman, Louwrens P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="557A687EBD586653F47F41826445E156" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5768-7216</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F6D95C1549C9A8A182E02850A8CE931">Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5AD4A4D55F07AA561AEE2656DC14671D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F771290739C423266B3CCB094C5014E5">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A45EA1EE75A928885567280E4A8BA14C">
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<mods:date id="86468ED3E32D390E7DAC4A93C2308342">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2FB0223426E018ECDDDBFA212274312">2024-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F3D9B65CCA07E3677EFD6C53C2D60984" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="94D6BBBDD346221A88597B15D57D154A">65</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3C91111943401380B271839D29FCA515">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="538A15A0FF36BFA3C40E1895A3D1600B">247</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8EE37174587762F6C19713E8F309C3FD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0EB207EF21F9D087AEA953A76127B122" type="DOI">10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B571C9FB0004366828C4BBE61162B7EA" type="ZooBank">BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB" ID-arpha="2A09AA55-0318-5007-9423-6F0E3255F9FB" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/2526571B-58F7-4EA6-A1D4-F48D0FDFA13C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2526571B-58F7-4EA6-A1D4-F48D0FDFA13C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB">
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<subSubSection id="497A91A9D9E2FED1D680226C2B0B8445" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6625CAAF2A38362ED1A54F3344C815DF">
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<taxonomicName id="E66DA54A35862A61A3CA3959E3C9D9A1" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7CAF727521EED0CF5FE699A5920DB0A0" italics="true">Suragina bilobata</emphasis>
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Muller
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7189C1AF5D29579FF9F3775364CAAF2E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="443CE038D689B5A999894E2561AB1F77" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C3B585F0EBE91CB4E890D540C65253D9">
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<figureCitation id="BBDB07E89E7F41EE99379F2225E0AB9A" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–8. Dorsal view of thorax (1–4) and head and thorax (5–8) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0803F8FC73C1B5082B91AE11B794F4E0" captionStart="Figures 9–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0E2A045E00EE3D756D3D1D94C7E56911" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 37–42. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br – basal radial cell; bm – basal medial cell; cua – anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP – anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d – discal cell; M 1 – first branch of media; m 1 – first medial cell; M 2 – second branch of media; m 2 – second medial cell; M 3 – third branch of media; m 3 – third medial cell; R 1 – anterior branch of radius; r 1 – first radial cell; R 2 + 3 – second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 – second radial cell; R 4 – upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 – lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc – subcostal vein; sc – subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BB2BD490740279E5CE58228AD17FAE87" captionStart="Figures 75–87" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 75–87. Suragina Walker spp. female genital fork and spermathecae, ventral view: 75 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 76 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP- 018403) 77 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. (CSCA) 78 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 158411) 79 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 84686) 80 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 81 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 82 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 83 S. milloti (Séguy) (CSCA) 84 S. monogramma (Bezzi) (BMSA (D) 129988) 85 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158392) 86 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 87 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 1584719). Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures75-87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205878">77</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EHWBG" type="material">
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<paragraph id="EF745885BD78292AB2E451CF669E34BB">
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<heading id="56111CB364B939AEA84018263FC62D1A" reason="title">On the material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="74C59B49061A57837F1FC21AD2B81680">
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The type series of specimens available for this new species are in poor condition as these come from long-term Malaise samples, with the most complete specimen missing its 1
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<superScript id="8136CE0B6F54684B76503F51FD3F1AB2">st</superScript>
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flagellomere (present in other more damaged specimens), and all specimens exhibiting some loss of setation on the head, body and legs. In the description missing setulae are recorded as unknown (referring to the unknown characteristics such as length or colour), but the alveoli are present. While it is not ideal to designate a
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<typeStatus id="5A64AD021D2DFC55B85BFB2E139943F6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="92FC83DA00CAB46DADADE8EABED66C64" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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from material in this state, it should be taken into account that procurement of additional material from
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<collectingCountry id="C02CD6A07177D10D6AAB8FD9500EFC03" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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is not viable due to the highly seasonal nature of
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<taxonomicName id="FE014AA0071D80A2799774EA6A251C78" authorityName="Stuckenberg" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Athericidae</taxonomicName>
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adults and the prohibitively expensive nature of performing fieldwork in
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<collectingCountry id="CF2AB2B1120D3E1C36E677F046A500CD" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. The forests of
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<collectingCountry id="7FF916E4861E53E62C86011163860CC4" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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are threatened by deforestation (e. g.
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<bibRefCitation id="673D0FD01604C059865332D4E47D44BE" DOI="10.1017/S0376892907004262" author="Harper" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Harper" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Conservation" pagination="325-333" refId="B10" refString="Harper GJ, Steininger MK, Tucker CJ, Juhn D, Hawkins F (2007) Fifty years of deforestation and forest fragmentation in Madagascar. Environmental Conservation 34 (4): 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892907004262" title="Fifty years of deforestation and forest fragmentation in Madagascar." volume="34" year="2007">Harper et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), with Ranomafana National Park being one of the largest remaining primary rainforests in
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<collectingCountry id="7340A37F39C922A83B7A081565498577" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="61790FD9ED031E0110A0B28FDC2AAAB0" DOI="10.1111/btp.12767" author="Torppa" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Torppa" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pagination="351-365" refId="B26" refString="Torppa KA, Wirta H, Hanski I (2020) Unexpectedly diverse forest dung beetle communities in degraded rain forest landscapes in Madagascar. Biotropica 52 (2): 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12767" title="Unexpectedly diverse forest dung beetle communities in degraded rain forest landscapes in Madagascar." volume="52" year="2020">Torppa et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). Describing and identifying endemic species could contribute to its conservation. This species is thus far the only species of
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<taxonomicName id="21BDF63F812CB9BE3539046D86C9C07B" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5CC6261D39BAC1EB889CC67D5E0056E6" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that does not have a reniform 1
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<superScript id="1437B0C4146C10BB7EA72B5FD25C55A1">st</superScript>
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flagellomere, instead it is bilobate and c-shaped (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="F3287C5F77AA251EAB4F108C6FF898EB" captionStart="Figures 9–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13 a</figureCitation>
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). It was also briefly mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="AD16DAD17D27EE91B338F1C95421A37F" author="Woodley NE" editor="Kirk-Spriggs AH & Sinclair BJ" firstAuthor="Woodley" journalOrPublisher="Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" page="888" pagination="885-891" refId="B28" refString="Woodley NE (2017) 38. Athericidae (Water Snipe Flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs AH, Sinclair BJ (Eds) Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 885–891." title="38. Athericidae (Water Snipe Flies)." volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera." year="2017">Woodley (2017: 888)</bibRefCitation>
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. Woodley regarded the specimens as
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<taxonomicName id="B07BBCB81FFF90F46A2087FD6CC25233" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="382F1EF68ACB21E1B2F4E3FAE428374C" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and viewed the 1
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<superScript id="292CEB1A90ED018E10901B6DF1044167">st</superScript>
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flagellomere shape as “ a highly autapomorphic antennal flagellum ”. In all other regards,
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<taxonomicName id="B921FDF18FF9ED90B6F2BAD0C423E160" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CA8E2E15930CEF5A920EA231FD559A2D" italics="true">S. bilobata</emphasis>
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Muller
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A1083C9FC1C3ABD30DE678AAC7D31C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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possesses characters unique to
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<taxonomicName id="740374892159EACF781FD655ACFAC61A" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="302865FF634651E2B39FB0EA49ABF067" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
|
: the frons velvety-black on upper half and silver-grey on lower half in combination with hind coxa having a well-developed anterior apical point, and generally slender and elongated legs. Given the unique antennal characters and contrasting black and orange colouration of this species, there is little doubt that any future specimens collected will be easily attributable to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5A3DF8933D12A86FA960AFC4D7B7CF7" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B7E08B41D467E5080E061D15DF6FA634" italics="true">S. bilobata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Muller
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C138ED2775138C4866F081E483D929B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETYBG" type="type material">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="32AAE1A977FD8EE379E15566875D71A7">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="0DF2C3FE24FC6443E3719F1A05A9D74C" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C898E46FB7942F5EF82DF6A5A6CEA011">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="266269444EB18E34A1C328200772FEDA" collectingDate="2002-04-23" collectingDateMax="2002-04-30" collectingDateMin="2002-04-23" collectionCode="CSCA" collectorName="M. E. Irwin & R. Harin'Hala & Malaise" country="Madagascar" elevation="1127" latitude="-21.250834" location="Ranomafana National Park" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="47.407166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6034E897342C5E09D100F323F5A06B61" bold="true" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="31EBA9FCA125692FA18742266BE607C8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="EC50BC06CD9A02F928903AD587FEB89E" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
•
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="FE2A137FC790C53764A6336169CFFF46" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="68F4DE99A4FABA031BD252EE9A311710" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<location id="49CB4828E6411A44AFF970B246944636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB:49CB4828E6411A44AFF970B246944636" country="Madagascar" latitude="-21.250834" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="47.407166" name="Ranomafana National Park" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ranomafana National Park</location>
|
|||
|
|
, radio tower;
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EBZBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[47.407167,-21.250833]}">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="5EA0A6D22889748FC9050F848F13BE63" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="15.05" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-21.250834">21 ° 15.05 ' S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="39FF3CD1C0091F24FB57F7FD9F11CBEE" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="24.43" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="47.407166">47 ° 24.43 ' E</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="49A6F3C5C9AFAB741F67D9C7B33792FE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.127" unit="m" value="1127.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="7D19596AE1F80C1EF11BFA3AF4E7E04D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.127" unit="m" value="1127.0">1127 masl</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="B8049426A7ED0896C6AF55F3A109E6BF" value="2002-04-23" valueMax="2002-04-30" valueMin="2002-04-23">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="F74FFC4BA22AC6E0D95644176AC06DBF" value="2002-04-23" valueMax="2002-04-30" valueMin="2002-04-23">23–30 Apr. 2002</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="227D5F50D88C6E99F057FDB87EC916EC">M. E. Irwin</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="1551CD2D5E536E535A079F1DD0F54D33">R. Harin’Hala</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
leg.;
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="66EF52330384AD31924FE42C04D203CB">Malaise</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
in open area nr forest edge;
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="F3DF1644DAA5E394EA7F36F273180822" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/california-state-collection-arthropods" xlink_title="California State Collection of Arthropods">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="2CAD21E6CCDE3CBB9459A026A840F342" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" type="Museum">CSCA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6BC34232754A44C591C22A1178DF0BEB">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B2639805437529D38EB2C280FC586B44" bold="true" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="1D28AEB4A88CE9EFEFBCE477DCAC9B8E" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="0EA7CD21F24D5B3BE65FB519F2297A94" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
; same data as
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="CFBA81794917A9288B4AD70564B243B3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="6F1484FB9156A4E0BD07682C269BE224" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/california-state-collection-arthropods" xlink_title="California State Collection of Arthropods">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="081C36EBCFD16F6AF64BD7D209D8A5BA" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" type="Museum">CSCA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="3C8B46C91E7001DB26EFF5C775758A34">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="B6F6FE923F735579CC3DCBA0E807185A" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F3D5F76539FCC17DAEFA26ED2EC98028" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
deposited in
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="C24F5EEC16F6D711AA9335D63A880475" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/california-state-collection-arthropods" xlink_title="California State Collection of Arthropods">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="DB78A4485B814A73DC0A3B3438FCBFAC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" type="Museum">CSCA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2ZBG" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8C65308D59558FAA48E099C2FC597AC6">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="A08EB427C080A962D4252EDA1A42DDD6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A4B2F7CC73943F7853A251BC0E946E4B">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="442762D7199699A3401F59F0332BDA1C" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="274F0F190318EF3FD92C19AE3195A836" italics="true">Suragina bilobata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Muller
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0F4A62CB831505A39BD86D1E80B142C5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
has its 1
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="852E2276958D02D772787361407F7CF2">st</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
antennal flagellomere uniquely bilobed, or c-shaped (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C382818DAF08CC6302F9850A58AAD295" captionStart="Figures 9–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13 a</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), contrasting to the typical reniform shape found in other Afrotropical
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="89EB00D4ADDBE2F7A20268334D0A0E36" authorityName="Stuckenberg" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Athericidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The overall appearance of the species is reminiscent of other dark Afrotropical species (e. g.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D48079C5A89102DFED4EF7A97B36756" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bezzii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="60F6F9B3923C7B7FFB388F669E732BB4" italics="true">Suragina bezzii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), but the combination of the antennal shape, and wing with a dark stigma, substigmal marking, and hyaline band before apical brown suffusion makes it easy to distinguish from all other known species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EC2BG" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="3AE55A5351F6452F018C0B59687483C2">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="3FA29BCA861564B892A658A8F1B1FACB" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="79ECC28380095838F527E26CF7719486">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9E92BF5EE0F55AF6A4E7337F73547D55" bold="true" italics="true">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="291F3D5959F9BA072A91A4AFC41D2635" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
n = 1): Wing span:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="A51B670FCEEA59DA675364B0AD8C0CF4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; body length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="A8BA1A3E8DB60B68122C816F7BE6A32D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; wing span to body length ratio: 1.03.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="355FAE0A6DA1793852F79CE92073F470">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="197D1AA934EAF4FDBCE1F5844DB97A94" bold="true">Male.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Unknown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6DBC25AAC62D8E9E1771A01657BF07B0">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="845399C0D035E7D16CFB1E4C306616A1" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="CC277D780327DDEDDD5E6D7DBE629E34" captionStart="Figures 9–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="FFBF73E595E39E1FA950E77E71B9055A">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="94AE6995E62FE16121A1DCC492E2054C" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, same velvety-black as upper half of frons, surface setulae unknown; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with dark setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired black markings with unknown setulae on upper occiput running down to near occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput lateral marginal setulae unknown, with long pale setulae medially, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening towards antennal base; frons setulae unknown; face with silver-white pruinosity and gena bluish-grey, face with a mix of pale and dark setulae, genal setulae unknown; clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, with deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5–0.75 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel, and 1
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="09E98A957E0565C850D71C1F2D3F1304">st</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere dark brown with some whitish pruinosity, 2
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="F6723CD19190B7706388A18EDC20F1F3">nd</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere dark brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="22E5CCBE794DB05E9E190C873036F823">st</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere bilobate, c-shaped (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="DFEBCB473E1E4B2F9754F28EA36D823D" captionStart="Figures 9–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13 a</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), upper lobe ca 2 × length of scape and pedicel combined, lower lobe ca 3 × length of scape and pedicel combined; 1
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="25D017C93FB32CC09C9F7B9CE0C50ECB">st</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere lobes covered on all surfaces with pale setulae that are as long as lobes are wide; 2
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="A0E574A277FC095741A8234B85BF3A4C">nd</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, with dark setulae throughout, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis dark brown with some whitish pruinosity on prementum, dorsal setulae unknown, ventrally with short dark setulae and some scattered longer pale setulae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="ECA452547250EFC6182708990B586D3E">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="DEDF2E014AB4800F4EC82A8BD1EA0A30" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="F6AF596D0E450D9D6B4A0A12C9ACCCBF" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–8. Dorsal view of thorax (1–4) and head and thorax (5–8) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
): Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum, ending in a large bluish-grey pruinose posterior patch; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown, slightly bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae just behind postpronotal lobe and rest of surface with dark setulae; postalar wall and postalar callus brown with bluish-grey pruinosity; scutellum uniform black with slight bluish-grey pruinosity; scutum setulae unknown; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anatergite and anepimeron yellowish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings brownish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown; postscutellum black with slight bluish-grey pruinosity.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="4B9DA99489DBDA3B20D56BB89784FB99">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="4D7594DAC93CC1728334BC7FABBA9809" bold="true" italics="true">Legs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: All coxae dark brown bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore and hind coxae with pale setulae, fore coxa with short dark setulae at apex, mid coxa with dark setulae on anterior apical surface, and inner and outer lateral surfaces, interspersed with some pale setulae; hind coxa with pale setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with longer pale setulae; all trochanters glossy black with short pale setulae; fore femur yellow with extreme basal and apical margins appearing shiny dark brown to black; mid femur similar to fore femur, except basal area dark brown, this basal area similar in length to trochanter; hind femur dark brown on basal half to two-thirds; all tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black; fore tarsal claws, empodium and pulvilli unknown; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; leg setation mostly unknown; all femora apparently with a mix of short pale and dark setulae; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="D4E9F325B1064CDAA0E24051321CD69F">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="21D28C323FC8316A831154201EAE9FEE" bold="true" italics="true">Wing</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="78071F824D2BACAD1B6FF51CA8F00E74" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 37–42. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br – basal radial cell; bm – basal medial cell; cua – anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP – anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d – discal cell; M 1 – first branch of media; m 1 – first medial cell; M 2 – second branch of media; m 2 – second medial cell; M 3 – third branch of media; m 3 – third medial cell; R 1 – anterior branch of radius; r 1 – first radial cell; R 2 + 3 – second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 – second radial cell; R 4 – upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 – lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc – subcostal vein; sc – subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">39</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
): Dark brown stigma over apex of veins
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="CFF2DC2CCFFCDF2FD143378F01D8F3D7" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="A44418CD34BDF9FBCEC935CDB000F40E">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="BF84FA2297016E530CE6A3413E8326EA" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="54F19240B3CF292FC574D4B6BDB13C22">2 + 3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and cells
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C410B54071C591B9B786ECF57DD093C5" italics="true">sc</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5D65CBBE460BE7BD583C8D1B4F9C165B" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
r
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="35EE722AA3BDB7E01ECB306849B69513">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, base of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B27CD1DEE4D2E41F7DA2A30E8B635766" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
r
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="B49DC5615FD2880339AA7D6A2AF4294D">2 + 3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, crossvein
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="4060EF1BD79EB26AA523BA7DFEF3D58B" italics="true">r – m</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, bases of discal cell, cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="F11D30EF53BC437E939C85F57B6ED985" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="2351BDA27B5F2131AA0D040C7A5B5AD1">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and apex of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B137227831C6201996841077EDCA9C34" italics="true">br</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B3E0CAA2CC43206A90DC45E1779425EE" italics="true">bm</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
with similar dark substigmal marking medially and apically, otherwise hyaline; vein
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="4546FEE81A40CA2CA3B9743D9A6D2951" italics="true">CuA</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
with a dark marking along length; entirety of cells
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C0632296AA5A9CA0968E8016B21B0974" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="7675A8F8196FD6C20C3C5645FCFA17DB">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="F5810B9374B15CF1FADE53AC8428ECAD" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="82B6C2AFFD5E6B03A683ADE83B069862">2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, apex of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5FB6CDA21BDE08E3A6C9CC813344F79B" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="A795B07ADFD36C9BF35C09A58EC16191">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, apical half of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="0D85697B60C91B3FCD4F8DFBE8070EAD" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
r
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="21F358C0F8B27750C631009B59591505">5</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, apical two-thirds of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="0C9C8E49B955FF7970FD2566D3D94F30" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
r
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="A89A9B8DB14944863FF3E4067BD7EBC8">4</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and apical half of cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C092701EF7A343160E84B7DCB6FE1931" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
r
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="30C3B51F092157140507E9A4E2308AF2">2 + 3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
brown suffused; rest of wing hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="23BB77B6F8F3E700F3A974C9727F0762" italics="true">cua</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="379804E95206A90FC9FCEF62761EB3E3" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="AD18E0AB111FE2779310955A9E706AB4">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
open, veins
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="CC24677F0DA2C49457D91E4BDE503D6F" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="3678D70FB1BAF5D7BBFD83EFB0F0DF24">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="341F17E7E03B576C9671FED8B1DB943D" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="926FE5E33FD35CC56D2325451D37D481">2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="F542A04CC47FBF956B7903CB7FDCDE7E" italics="true">
|
|||
|
|
M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="32460E1C4B2E66B1D145A5BAC776237B">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
present; haltere stalk light brown, knob darker brown, with some short and dark setulae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="27FD5F206C035AA784D56DA6DD386E2D">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6988E10E90A76852E4150FE2C86412A5" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Tergite 1 with bluish-grey pruinosity on anterolateral margins, medially with a dark marking and a longitudinal suture; tergites 2–4 with a triangular dark marking, narrowing towards posterior with posterior and lateral margins of each segment with bluish-grey pruinosity; tergite 5 and onwards a deep orange colour, with posterior margin appearing darker; sternites 1–4 dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, sternites 5 and onwards orange-yellow; setation unknown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="D4F296068F3905046B0F54FD35BE7959">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="CE7E7864ED33FD7DD8AB00F5876D1777" bold="true" italics="true">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="AD0F2FF2730086EFC5A6D42B112ECEEF" captionStart="Figures 75–87" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 75–87. Suragina Walker spp. female genital fork and spermathecae, ventral view: 75 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 76 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP- 018403) 77 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. (CSCA) 78 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 158411) 79 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 84686) 80 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 81 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 82 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 83 S. milloti (Séguy) (CSCA) 84 S. monogramma (Bezzi) (BMSA (D) 129988) 85 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158392) 86 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 87 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 1584719). Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures75-87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205878">77</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
): Cercus dark orange-brown with pale setulae; genital fork has distal apodeme apically expanded with truncated appearance, without a clear fork, median lobe with shallow apical emargination, paired apical lobes with expanded appearance, inner edge with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oval-shaped, apically rounded spermathecae, sclerotised, short and stout.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGAAI" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="EDAD08B7039E3C6718308BFD4A762709">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="A7058E25DCF9625DC4D7E30A38592842" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="2E298D4769F5B6FABD15023A25A9A638">
|
|||
|
|
From the Latin “ bi ”, two and “ lobatus ”, having lobes; named for the unique bilobed or c-shaped 1
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="A866379E11E3C166CACE1536DB7DFA46">st</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
flagellomere. Feminine noun in the nominative singular case.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOAAI" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E269992E4DF94426EF948C98A99EB0F6">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="DC5E32E23E306B379BF3EA8A90B398D2" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="65B696E2977B4A3A7339335E7E73520D">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="113FA2A0A60F543A72761D0A185F6474" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|