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<document id="C1CF6AF2F2F3EC56196E36A048A9A7D9" ID-DOI="10.5070/P939056976" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13743778" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726019530669" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cicimurri, David J., Knight, James L. & Ebersole, Jun A." docDate="2022" docId="03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.39.1.1-38.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 39 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0E19E0F9495DF1C9BA1290CB4A0EE6FA.1:PaleoBios.2022.journal_article" docStyleId="0E19E0F9495DF1C9BA1290CB4A0EE6FA" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2022.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFE67031413DFFD03D08FFB0FFC5FF90" masterDocTitle="Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1726020553803" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DCBDEC12747C2C912578115B0910BCDA">Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="387414A6A51CD0F1D24CF2703E737A4B">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1649A9314B7161611E3DDBCDF677578">Knight, James L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6B20402A42CA1112E12FC00DC143FF0">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C56F27DB1A240A2CFE4375ABD8B9A687">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6CA46C85F054C32FC693DD49D0684CAC">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0DE07CC5D735F52EEFEA5CE141B49678">
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<mods:date id="2DBA44854459C78156D2F18C6C317AF6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="94BD4788BBF10200B947A90DDB30AEB2">2022-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="823D9D0F6A4B679CDD19E0DAA1226A6D">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2EE5E7D03AA46C6153786340662474C0">1</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412FFFC23944FE35FB20FE0D" box="[1100,1253,389,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23944FE35FB20FE0D" blockId="18.[1009,1343,357,448]" box="[1100,1253,389,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0810E33412FFFC23944FE35FB20FE0D" box="[1100,1253,389,413]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC2395EFE35FB72FE0C" ID-CoL="3ZY5" authority="SP." authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1110,1207,389,412]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC2395EFE35FB72FE0C" box="[1110,1207,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">DASYATIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” SP.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412FFFC23954FE18FB11FE50" box="[1116,1236,424,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23954FE18FB11FE50" blockId="18.[1009,1343,357,448]" box="[1116,1236,424,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="134DA5DA412FFFC23954FE18FB62FE50" box="[1116,1191,424,448]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[110,185,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[138,1498,214,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-117@16.[112,1523,192,1301]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Batoid teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Raja mccollumi male tooth, SC2007.36.132 in distal (A) and labial (B) views. C, D. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.31 in mesial (C) and labial (D) views. E, F. Raja sp. male tooth, SC2007.36.33 in mesial (E) and labial (F) views. G, H. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.124 in mesial (G) and labial (H) views. I. Rhynchobatus sp. tooth, SC2007.36.39 in occlusal view. J–M. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.42 in occlusal (J), profile (K), labial (L), and basal (M) views. N–Q. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC2015.29.2 in occlusal (N), profile (O), labial (P), and basal (Q) views. R, S. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.53 in occlusal (R) and profile (S) views. T, U. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC207.36.51 in occlusal (T) and profile (U) views. V–Y. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.45 in occlusal (V), profile(W), labial (X), and labio-oblique (Y) views. Z–CC. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.49 in occlusal (Z), profile (AA), lingual (BB), and labial (CC) views. Scale bar=0.5 mm in C, D, G, H; 1 mm in E, F, I, T, U; 2 mm in A, B; 5 mm in J–S, V–CC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">FIG. 7V</figureCitation>
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–CC
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412FFFC23E68FE66FA34FD6A" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23E68FE66FCB9FD84" blockId="18.[832,1520,470,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23E68FE66FBCAFE60" bold="true" box="[864,1039,470,496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="54CD07FD412FFFC23E68FE66FC66FE60" box="[864,931,470,496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23924FE67FA70FE60" ID-CoL="347DN" authority="Rafinesque, 1810 a" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1068,1461,470,496]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ujo">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23924FE67FB07FE60" box="[1068,1218,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis ujo</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC239C4FE66FA70FE60" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[1228,1461,470,496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 69" refId="ref33781" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1810 a. Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e pinate della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi, lere partie. p. 3 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1810">Rafinesque, 1810a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Recent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23E68FD93FBB7FDF0" blockId="18.[832,1520,470,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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2009a
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23EBEFD94FAF3FDAD" authority="(Probst, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[950,1334,547,573]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23EBEFD94FBBDFDAD" box="[950,1144,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis rugosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23982FD93FAEFFDAD" author="Probst, J." box="[1162,1322,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="69 - 103" refId="ref33442" refString="Probst, J. 1877. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. II: Batoidei A. Gunther. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg 33: 69 - 103." type="journal article" year="1877">Probst, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Cicimurri and Knight, page 638, fig. 8C.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23E68FDC6FA34FD6A" blockId="18.[832,1521,630,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23E68FDC6FB1BFD00" bold="true" box="[864,1246,630,656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Referred specimens (n=11)</emphasis>
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—SC2007.36.49 (
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<figureCitation id="134DA5DA412FFFC238C8FDC6FCA7FD23" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[110,185,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[138,1498,214,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-117@16.[112,1523,192,1301]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Batoid teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Raja mccollumi male tooth, SC2007.36.132 in distal (A) and labial (B) views. C, D. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.31 in mesial (C) and labial (D) views. E, F. Raja sp. male tooth, SC2007.36.33 in mesial (E) and labial (F) views. G, H. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.124 in mesial (G) and labial (H) views. I. Rhynchobatus sp. tooth, SC2007.36.39 in occlusal view. J–M. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.42 in occlusal (J), profile (K), labial (L), and basal (M) views. N–Q. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC2015.29.2 in occlusal (N), profile (O), labial (P), and basal (Q) views. R, S. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.53 in occlusal (R) and profile (S) views. T, U. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC207.36.51 in occlusal (T) and profile (U) views. V–Y. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.45 in occlusal (V), profile(W), labial (X), and labio-oblique (Y) views. Z–CC. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.49 in occlusal (Z), profile (AA), lingual (BB), and labial (CC) views. Scale bar=0.5 mm in C, D, G, H; 1 mm in E, F, I, T, U; 2 mm in A, B; 5 mm in J–S, V–CC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7V</figureCitation>
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–CC1), SC2007.36.50 (three teeth), SC2007.36.51 (
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<figureCitation id="134DA5DA412FFFC238CAFD29FC42FD47" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[110,185,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[138,1498,214,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-117@16.[112,1523,192,1301]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Batoid teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Raja mccollumi male tooth, SC2007.36.132 in distal (A) and labial (B) views. C, D. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.31 in mesial (C) and labial (D) views. E, F. Raja sp. male tooth, SC2007.36.33 in mesial (E) and labial (F) views. G, H. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.124 in mesial (G) and labial (H) views. I. Rhynchobatus sp. tooth, SC2007.36.39 in occlusal view. J–M. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.42 in occlusal (J), profile (K), labial (L), and basal (M) views. N–Q. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC2015.29.2 in occlusal (N), profile (O), labial (P), and basal (Q) views. R, S. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.53 in occlusal (R) and profile (S) views. T, U. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC207.36.51 in occlusal (T) and profile (U) views. V–Y. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.45 in occlusal (V), profile(W), labial (X), and labio-oblique (Y) views. Z–CC. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.49 in occlusal (Z), profile (AA), lingual (BB), and labial (CC) views. Scale bar=0.5 mm in C, D, G, H; 1 mm in E, F, I, T, U; 2 mm in A, B; 5 mm in J–S, V–CC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7T–U</figureCitation>
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), SC2007.36.225, SC2015.29.14, SC2015.29.43, SC2015.29.44, SC2015.29.45 (
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<figureCitation id="134DA5DA412FFFC239BCFD50FAE9FD6A" box="[1204,1324,736,762]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[110,185,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[138,1498,214,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-117@16.[112,1523,192,1301]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Batoid teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Raja mccollumi male tooth, SC2007.36.132 in distal (A) and labial (B) views. C, D. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.31 in mesial (C) and labial (D) views. E, F. Raja sp. male tooth, SC2007.36.33 in mesial (E) and labial (F) views. G, H. Raja mccollumi female tooth, SC2007.36.124 in mesial (G) and labial (H) views. I. Rhynchobatus sp. tooth, SC2007.36.39 in occlusal view. J–M. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.42 in occlusal (J), profile (K), labial (L), and basal (M) views. N–Q. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC2015.29.2 in occlusal (N), profile (O), labial (P), and basal (Q) views. R, S. “Taeniurops” cavernosus low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.53 in occlusal (R) and profile (S) views. T, U. “Taeniurops” cavernosus male tooth, SC207.36.51 in occlusal (T) and profile (U) views. V–Y. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2015.29.45 in occlusal (V), profile(W), labial (X), and labio-oblique (Y) views. Z–CC. “Dasyatis” sp. low-crowned tooth, SC2007.36.49 in occlusal (Z), profile (AA), lingual (BB), and labial (CC) views. Scale bar=0.5 mm in C, D, G, H; 1 mm in E, F, I, T, U; 2 mm in A, B; 5 mm in J–S, V–CC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7V–Y</figureCitation>
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), SC2015.29.46.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412FFFC33E68FCB3FDB7FE21" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC23E68FCB3FA98FA2A" blockId="18.[832,1521,630,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23E68FCB3FC1FFC8D" bold="true" box="[864,986,771,797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
—These teeth differ from those of “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC238A2FCB1FBEEFCD0" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Taeniurops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC238A2FCB1FC4BFCD1" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Taeniurops</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
”
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23EABFC97FBEEFCD0" box="[931,1067,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">cavernosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
discussed above by having a more convex labial face, a more angular labial crown margin (as opposed to uniformly convex), and a wider transverse crest that is crenulated. The Ashley Formation specimens are ablated but appear to be conspecific with teeth occurring in the overlying Chandler Bridge Formation identified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23ED4FC4AFA96FB83" authority="(Probst, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[988,1363,1017,1043]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23ED4FC4AFB5EFB83" box="[988,1179,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis rugosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC239A2FC49FA82FB83" author="Probst, J." box="[1194,1351,1017,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="69 - 103" refId="ref33442" refString="Probst, J. 1877. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. II: Batoidei A. Gunther. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg 33: 69 - 103." type="journal article" year="1877">Probst, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23872FC49FBF3FBA7" author="Cicimurri, D. J. & J. L. Knight" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="627 - 647" refId="ref27511" refString="Cicimurri, D. J., and J. L. Knight. 2009 a. Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 54 (4): 627 - 647. [https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0077]" type="journal article" year="2009">Cicimurri and Knight (2009a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Reinecke (2015) noted differences between the Chandler Bridge teeth and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23830FBF0FA6EFBC9" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1336,1451,1088,1113]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23830FBF0FA6EFBC9" box="[1336,1451,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D. rugosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F361F9CF412FFFC23E48FBD3FC75FBED" box="[832,944,1123,1149]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and he indicated an early Chattian first appearance for this species.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23958FB36FAA3FB30" author="Reinecke, T. & S. Louwye & U. Havekost & H. Moths" box="[1104,1382,1158,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref34477" refString="Reinecke, T., S. Louwye, U. Havekost, and H. Moths. 2011. The elasmobranch fauna of the late Burdigalian, Miocene, at Werder- Uesen, Lower Saxony, Germany, and its relationships with Early Miocene faunas in the North Atlantic, Central Paratethys and Mediterranean. Palaeontos 20: 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2011">Reinecke et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
illustrated (plate 96, fig. 4) one of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23965FB19FAF6FB53" author="Probst, J." box="[1133,1331,1193,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="69 - 103" refId="ref33442" refString="Probst, J. 1877. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. II: Batoidei A. Gunther. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg 33: 69 - 103." type="journal article" year="1877">Probst’s (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
original specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23EACFB7DFB8AFB76" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[932,1103,1228,1254]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23EACFB7DFB8AFB76" box="[932,1103,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D. strangulata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and the species was also reported by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23E6EFB40FBBCFA9A" author="Reinecke, T. & M. Balsberger & B. Beaury & J. Pollerspock" box="[870,1145,1264,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 53" refId="ref34422" refString="Reinecke, T., M. Balsberger, B. Beaury, and J. Pollerspock. 2014. The elasmobranch fauna of the Thalberg Beds, early Egerian (Chattian, Oligocene), in the subalpine Molasse Basin near Siegdorf, Bavaria, Germany. Palaeontos 26: 3 - 53." type="journal article" year="2014">Reinecke et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC239B0FB40FC5DFABD" author="Reinecke, T. & A. Radwanski" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="5 - 37" refId="ref34273" refString="Reinecke, T., and A. Radwanski. 2015. Fossil sharks and batoids from the Korytnica-clays, early Badenian (Langhian, middle Miocene), Fore-Carpathian basin, central Poland - a revision and updated record. Palaeontos 28: 5 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">Reinecke and Radwański (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. The South Carolina specimens do appear to have a more convex labial face with less robust ornamentation, and they are more similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC239B1FAEAFAAFFAE3" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1209,1386,1369,1395]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC239B1FAEAFAAFFAE3" box="[1209,1386,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D. strangulata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
than to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC238D0FAEAFC51FA09" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC238D0FAEAFC51FA09" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D. rugosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in these respects (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23973FACCFAB6FA07" author="Reinecke, T. & S. Louwye & U. Havekost & H. Moths" box="[1147,1395,1404,1431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref34477" refString="Reinecke, T., S. Louwye, U. Havekost, and H. Moths. 2011. The elasmobranch fauna of the late Burdigalian, Miocene, at Werder- Uesen, Lower Saxony, Germany, and its relationships with Early Miocene faunas in the North Atlantic, Central Paratethys and Mediterranean. Palaeontos 20: 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2011">Reinecke et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23877FACCFC07FA2A" author="Reinecke, T. & M. Balsberger & B. Beaury & J. Pollerspock" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 53" refId="ref34422" refString="Reinecke, T., M. Balsberger, B. Beaury, and J. Pollerspock. 2014. The elasmobranch fauna of the Thalberg Beds, early Egerian (Chattian, Oligocene), in the subalpine Molasse Basin near Siegdorf, Bavaria, Germany. Palaeontos 26: 3 - 53." type="journal article" year="2014">Reinecke et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23EC7FA10FA89FA2A" author="Reinecke, T. & A. Radwanski" box="[975,1356,1439,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="5 - 37" refId="ref34273" refString="Reinecke, T., and A. Radwanski. 2015. Fossil sharks and batoids from the Korytnica-clays, early Badenian (Langhian, middle Miocene), Fore-Carpathian basin, central Poland - a revision and updated record. Palaeontos 28: 5 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">Reinecke and Radwański 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412FFFC33E68FA73FDB7FE21" blockId="18.[832,1521,630,1958]" lastBlockId="19.[112,800,193,433]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
Although teeth with this morphology have traditionally been placed within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC2397CFA56FB19F992" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1140,1244,1510,1538]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC2397CFA56FB19F992" box="[1140,1244,1510,1538]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC2382CFA56FA1AF990" author="Cappetta, H." box="[1316,1503,1510,1536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref27142" refString="Cappetta, H. 2012. Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Vol. 3 E: Chondrichthyes Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. XXX pp." type="book" year="2012">Cappetta 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), recent molecular studies of extant species revealed the genus to be paraphyletic (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC239CAF99DFA4CF9D6" author="Last, P. R. & B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota & G. J. P. Naylor & W. T. White" box="[1218,1417,1580,1607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref31137" refString="Last, P. R., B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota, G. J. P. Naylor, and W. T. White. 2016. Stingrays, Family Dasyatidae. Pp. 522 - 618 in P. R. Last, W. T. White, M. R. de Carvalho, B. Seret, M. F. W. Stehmann, and G. J. P. Naylor (eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia." type="book" year="2016">Last et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23891F99CFC01F9FA" author="Nelson, J. S. & T. C. Grande & M. V. H. Wilson" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref32830" refString="Nelson, J. S., T. C. Grande, and M. V. H. Wilson. 2016. Fishes of the World, fifth edition. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. 752 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49B277BD412FFFC23891F99CFA35F9D6" box="[1433,1520,1580,1606]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
et al. 2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This prompted the referral of many extant
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23E48F9C3FBC0F91D" box="[832,1029,1651,1679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23E48F9C3FC63F91F" box="[832,934,1651,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
species
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to various other genera, like
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23857F9C3FC28F920" authority="Whitley, 1933" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1933" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23857F9C3FA35F91F" box="[1375,1520,1651,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23E48F926FC28F920" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[832,1005,1686,1712]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="60 - 112" refId="ref36705" refString="Whitley, G. P. 1933. Studies in Ichthyology. No. 7. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 60 - 112. [https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.19.1933.691]" type="journal article" year="1933">Whitley, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23EF1F927FA97F920" authority="Last et al., 2016" authorityName="Last" authorityYear="2016" box="[1017,1362,1686,1713]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Fontitrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23EF1F927FB4FF920" box="[1017,1162,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fontitrygon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23998F927FA97F920" author="Last, P. R. & B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota & G. J. P. Naylor & W. T. White" box="[1168,1362,1686,1713]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref31137" refString="Last, P. R., B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota, G. J. P. Naylor, and W. T. White. 2016. Stingrays, Family Dasyatidae. Pp. 522 - 618 in P. R. Last, W. T. White, M. R. de Carvalho, B. Seret, M. F. W. Stehmann, and G. J. P. Naylor (eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia." type="book" year="2016">Last et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23856F927FBBEF943" authority="Muller and Henle, 1838" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1838" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hemitrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23856F927FA35F920" box="[1374,1520,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Hemitrygon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23E48F909FBBEF943" author="Muller, J. & F. G. J. Henle" box="[832,1147,1721,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="33 - 37" refId="ref32466" refString="Muller, J., and F. G. J. Henle. 1838. On the generic characters of cartilaginous fishes, with descriptions of new genera. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology 2: 33 - 37, 88 - 91." type="journal article" year="1838">Müller and Henle, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23984F90AFA2FF943" authority="Rafinesque, 1818" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1818" box="[1164,1514,1721,1747]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23984F90AFB3FF943" box="[1164,1274,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Hypanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC2380DF909FA2FF943" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[1285,1514,1721,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="417 - 422" refId="ref33914" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1818. Description of three new genera of fluviatile fish, Pomoxis, Sarchirus and Exoglossum. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1 (2): 417 - 422." type="journal article" year="1818">Rafinesque, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC23E48F96DFB67F966" authority="Last et al., 2016" authorityName="Last" authorityYear="2016" box="[832,1186,1756,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Megatrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC23E48F96DFC10F966" box="[832,981,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Megatrygon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC23ED4F96DFB67F966" author="Last, P. R. & B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota & G. J. P. Naylor & W. T. White" box="[988,1186,1756,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref31137" refString="Last, P. R., B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota, G. J. P. Naylor, and W. T. White. 2016. Stingrays, Family Dasyatidae. Pp. 522 - 618 in P. R. Last, W. T. White, M. R. de Carvalho, B. Seret, M. F. W. Stehmann, and G. J. P. Naylor (eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia." type="book" year="2016">Last et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC239EEF96DFC44F889" authority="Last et al., 2016" authorityName="Last" authorityYear="2016" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Telatrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC239EEF96DFAAEF969" box="[1254,1387,1757,1785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Telatrygon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412FFFC2387AF96DFC44F889" author="Last, P. R. & B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota & G. J. P. Naylor & W. T. White" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref31137" refString="Last, P. R., B. M. Manjaji-Matsumota, G. J. P. Naylor, and W. T. White. 2016. Stingrays, Family Dasyatidae. Pp. 522 - 618 in P. R. Last, W. T. White, M. R. de Carvalho, B. Seret, M. F. W. Stehmann, and G. J. P. Naylor (eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia." type="book" year="2016">Last et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Because a comparative study of the dentitions of these extant taxa has yet to be undertaken, we herein conservatively retain this species within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412FFFC2384FF8F6FA6AF8F2" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1351,1455,1862,1890]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902654D412FFFC2384FF8F6FA6AF8F2" box="[1351,1455,1862,1890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dasyatis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with the understanding that they may someday be referred to one of the aforementioned extant genera, or perhaps to an unknown fossil taxon. The Ashley Formation specimens are morphologically similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412EFFC33F46FF57FCC4FE90" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[590,769,230,256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strangulata">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412EFFC33F46FF57FCC4FE90" box="[590,769,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">D. strangulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a taxon that has tentatively been identified from the late Chattian by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412EFFC33C0EFE9CFDDDFED7" author="Reinecke, T. & M. Balsberger & B. Beaury & J. Pollerspock" box="[262,536,300,327]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 53" refId="ref34422" refString="Reinecke, T., M. Balsberger, B. Beaury, and J. Pollerspock. 2014. The elasmobranch fauna of the Thalberg Beds, early Egerian (Chattian, Oligocene), in the subalpine Molasse Basin near Siegdorf, Bavaria, Germany. Palaeontos 26: 3 - 53." type="journal article" year="2014">Reinecke et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, we refrain from assigning the
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<collectingRegion id="49B277BD412EFFC33C50FEE0FDC8FEFA" box="[344,525,336,362]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
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specimens to this species due to their much older occurrence compared to the typically Miocene range of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412EFFC33CB6FE27FDA9FE20" baseAuthorityName="Probst" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[446,620,406,432]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
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<emphasis id="B902654D412EFFC33CB6FE27FDA9FE20" box="[446,620,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">D. strangulata</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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